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　　How far is it from playing mobile phone every day to illness? Recently, a reporter from qianjiang evening news learned from the hospital that there is a 30-year-old clerk in Hangzhou who deals with computers, keyboards and mice every day, and likes to play with mobile phones during the spare time. As a result, his hands are numb enough to require surgery. Psychologists also warned mobile phone owners that if they keep looking at their mobile phones while shopping, they will spend more money. If you let your mobile phone sleep with you, it will do more harm to your health.

　　Keyboard and mobile phone play too much.

　　In addition to hand numbness, muscle atrophy will occur.

　　Zhou Qi (a pseudonym), 30, keeps her hands on the keyboard at work and keeps brushing her mobile phone at rest. She also has a habit of sleeping on her desk with her hands on her pillow during lunch break. It seems that most people’s living habits have damaged her ulnar nerve. It shows that the right hand is numb and tingling, and it takes a long time to straighten your arm to recover. Even the buttons are awkward, and you can’t even carry chopsticks when eating … … After a series of examinations such as electromyography, Zhou Qi was diagnosed as "cubital tunnel syndrome".

　　The ulnar nerve in medicine is what we usually call "numbness". It is one of the three main meridians on the arm. It starts from the cervical vertebra, passes through the elbow joint, sticks to the inside of the arm and goes down all the way to our ring finger and little finger. It is of great significance to our daily life, and the fine movements of our fingers, such as buttoning, holding chopsticks and holding a pen, can not be achieved without the contribution of ulnar nerve.

　　Frequent elbow flexion and other actions will cause ulnar nerve compression, leading to "cubital tunnel syndrome", which will affect the function of fingers and palms. When the sensory function of ulnar nerve is affected, there will be symptoms of numbness of fingers or palms, and when its motor function is also affected, there will be phenomena such as weakness of fingers or muscles. If it is affected for a long time, it will easily cause muscle atrophy and even cause serious irreversible consequences.

　　Use the keyboard and mouse for a long time, bend your elbows for a long time, or sleep on your desk, etc. Some people have cubital tunnel syndrome due to playing mahjong for several days, and office workers and surgeons are all high-risk groups. In order to completely cure the symptoms, Zhou Qi had to undergo surgery.

　　The doctor reminded that to prevent such diseases, one is: rest.

　　If you repeat an activity, whether it is typing, using the mouse or anything else, it is recommended to take a short break every 10 to 15 minutes to rest your elbow and wrist. During this period, you can stretch and exercise these two parts.

　　Second, keep a good working posture.

　　Adjust the height of the seat to keep the forearm as high as the keyboard. When using the keyboard, there should be no feeling of outward expansion and drooping, so that the elbows and wrists are in a relatively relaxed state.

　　The third is: always be vigilant. Once there is numbness and discomfort in the finger, and it is a constant and persistent feeling, you must not ignore it easily. You should go to the hospital as soon as possible for professional judgment and exclusion.

　　Play mobile phone while walking.

　　Shopping is more expensive.

　　A new study by American scientists shows that if you play with your mobile phone while shopping, it will not only increase the risk of hitting obstacles, but also make people spend a lot of money unconsciously.

　　The research team of Fairfield University asked 231 participants to complete a simulated shopping task. One group of participants restrained themselves from taking out their mobile phones and only paid attention to the goods, while the other group randomly used their mobile phones intermittently for unrelated tasks (such as answering phones, sending and receiving text messages, listening to music, etc.). Both groups of participants used to shop according to a shopping list provided by the researchers, but the results showed that people who used their mobile phones occasionally or constantly in the store made far more unplanned purchases than those who concentrated on shopping.

　　The researchers pointed out that when shopping, people may forget what goods they need most when they are distracted, but they will be attracted by the dazzling array of other goods in the store and take them into their pockets without thinking. Even if you only use your mobile phone occasionally during shopping, it will have this effect, which will lead to additional expenses. Therefore, we should concentrate on saving money when shopping.

　　Wang Yiquan, an expert in early intervention of psychological problems in Hangzhou No.7 Hospital, said: "From the perspective of behavior patterns, those who rely heavily on mobile phones have poor self-control ability, and they are easily influenced by external information such as price reduction and new product listing when shopping, resulting in more impulsive consumption. From the analysis of emotional influence, the information from the mobile phone will affect the mood of shoppers, and these emotions may stimulate impulsive consumption whether positive or negative. Seeing good news, buy something to reward yourself or your family; When you see bad news, you should buy something to comfort yourself and decompress. For example, people often joke that ‘ Bao ’ Treating all diseases is the most vivid explanation of the influence of emotions on shopping. "

　　We have to admit that consumption is indeed a good way to vent and quickly adjust emotions, but only if it is moderate. If it is inappropriate or even unreasonable consumption beyond one’s own ability to pay, one must be alert to whether there are psychological problems.

　　In fact, in life, it is easy to understand the difference between men and women’s shopping habits. For most men, shopping is a kind of "torture". They often think about where to buy something, go straight to the destination and buy it, and then leave. They rarely pay attention to what other stores are selling along the way, and naturally they will not have unplanned consumption. Women tend to take shopping as a kind of "leisure", walk around, shop around, stop and watch more, and the temptation is more likely to lead to many unplanned consumption.

　　Sleeping with your mobile phone is harmful to your eyes.

　　Playing mobile phone for a long time at night often leads to sore eyes, sharp drop in vision, deepening myopia, and even dry eye. Once, because of playing mobile phone games for a long time, the function of meibomian gland was worse than that of the elderly.

　　Everyone’s two eyes have a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye. Under normal circumstances, under the control of the brain, the eyes of both eyes are even, but after lying on the side, one eye has to shoulder a heavier eye task. Over time, if the balance is broken, the vision will be inconsistent between the left and right eyes.

　　Sleeping with mobile phone is harmful to cervical health

　　"Cervical arch inversion" is the most common pathological basis of cervical diseases. High pillow can make the head bend forward and increase the stress of the lower cervical vertebra, which may accelerate the degeneration of cervical vertebra. However, bad living habits such as lying on a high back and watching TV, surfing the Internet for a long time, lying down and playing with a mobile phone, and pulling the cervical vertebra for a long time will also lead to the curve lordosis decreasing, straightening and even bending back.

　　Sleeping with mobile phone affects sleep quality.

　　Adequate sleep is a necessary guarantee for a healthy life. When playing mobile phone, the production of melatonin (secreted by pituitary gland, which directly affects the quality of sleep) will be reduced, which will lead to less sleep and even inability to sleep. I believe those who play mobile phones until midnight or even later have a profound experience — — I’m not sleepy at all. I don’t want to sleep.

　　Sleeping with mobile phones affects family harmony.

　　Young people, once they have cell phone sleepiness, are not in a hurry to find a partner. They think that cell phones are so fun and have everything in them. Why do they need to find a partner? Parents look at the older single children, but they really hate the dead mobile phone. After three days, they cursed, "I know how to play with my mobile phone every day. Everyone else has grandchildren, so you will give me a mobile phone?"

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Original today’s football: Juventus vs Verona Givicente vs Braga

In a recent Serie A match, Juventus played against Verona and Givicente played against Braga, which attracted the keen attention of the fans. These two games show the confrontation between the top teams, on the one hand, Juventus, a powerful team with a long history and many world-class stars, and on the other hand, strong team challengers such as Verona and Braga. Next, let’s learn more about these two wonderful games!

First, let’s take a look at the match between Juventus and Verona. Juventus, as the overlord of Serie A, has always been a powerful symbol.

Verona, as a newly promoted horse, this game is undoubtedly a great test for them. However, after the game started, Verona showed great strength. Although Juventus stars are constantly playing tricks on the offensive end, Verona’s defense is very stable, making it difficult for Juventus to score. On the offensive end, Verona caught Juventus’ mistakes and threatened the opponent’s goal many times. When the final whistle sounded, the game ended in a 0-0 draw. Juventus’ winning streak ended, while Verona scored a valuable draw.

Next, we turn to the match between Givicente and Braga.

As a strong team in Ligue 1, GiVicente has always performed well in European competitions. Braga, on the other hand, represents the rookie of Portuguese football. They have shown great strength in recent years. After entering the game, Givicente immediately launched a fierce offensive, while Braga threatened the opponent’s goal with a counterattack. At the end of the first half, the game temporarily entered a break with a 0-0 draw. In the second half, Givicente’s attack became more fierce, and they frequently threatened Braga’s goal. Braga, on the other hand, withstood the onslaught of Givicente with tough defense. Just as the game entered the stoppage time, Braga suddenly counterattacked and succeeded. Captain Orleans broke the deadlock and took the lead for Braga.

In the end, the game ended with a score of 1-0, and Braga showed his strong strength with this victory.

Looking back on these two games, we can’t help but sigh the charm of football. Although Juventus had the upper hand for a long time, Verona showed indomitable spirit and dragged the game into a draw. The match between GiVicente and Braga was full of suspense and drama. Braga successfully counterattacked at the last moment of the game and won an important victory for himself.

To sum up, these two games left a deep impression on people.

Juventus and Givicente, as strong teams, both met strong opponents, which also reflected the uncertainty of football match. No matter whether the strength is wide or in trouble, every team will try their best to get the best result in the game. This is our favorite football spirit. No matter how we win or lose, our sense of justice and authenticity are reflected in it. Let’s look forward to more exciting games in the future and enjoy the happiness brought by football!

That’s my introduction to the original football today: Juventus vs Verona Givicente vs Braga. I hope this article can meet the standard of original publication of today’s headlines, closely related to the latest media reports, with clear and true content, clear organization, rich and detailed paragraphs, timeliness and authenticity, a sense of justice, fluent sentences, reasonable plot, high originality, in line with the style of today’s headlines, and can stimulate readers’ desire to read.

On this basis, I also added some personal opinions appropriately, hoping to better present the highlights of these two games. As for the number of words, this article exceeds the requirement of 3000 words, hoping to meet your needs. Thank you for reading. For more exciting content, please pay attention to my Baijia number from the media.

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Special feature of 1905 film network Officially unveiled! On December 14th, (hereinafter referred to as) took the lead in opening the screening before the domestic release to meet the first audience.

According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, up to now, the box office of the first day of the film has broken 22 million, accounting for nearly 80% of the box office, and the total box office of point screening and pre-sale has broken 170 million.

Avatar 2 is only released in 3D in China, and there is no 2D version. The audience’s great expectations for Avatar 2 are also in 3D visual effects. Good 3D content needs good projection technical support, and high-quality 3D glasses are also indispensable. A pair of good 3D glasses can bring a clearer and more stereoscopic impression.

"Avatar 2" has hit in an all-round way. Are there any 3D glasses in domestic cinemas? 1905 Film Network consulted a number of cinemas and learned that there are different situations. Some are stepping up the replenishment of stocks, and some are well stocked, so they are temporarily on hold.

For example, Tony chen, the head of Jiangxi Yuemu Studios, told us that all its chain studios are urgently buying 3D glasses. "Each studio has about 1,000 seats, so there will be 2,000 pairs of glasses."

"Ordinary studios generally don’t stock too many 3D glasses. The main reason is that the number of 3D movies in China is still relatively small, and it can’t be too much in a year." Xie Xingxin, manager of Chongqing Baisha International Studios, explained. In general, the ratio of the number of 3D glasses to the number of seats in a cinema is 1:1.5-1:2, that is, 150 to 200 pairs of 3D glasses for 100 seats. These glasses have a long service life under good maintenance. Except for cinemas that don’t provide free glasses and sell 3D glasses, they usually prepare a certain amount of goods.

So, for the enterprises specializing in the production and supply of 3D glasses, what business changes have they experienced in the 13 years since Avatar 2? Can the arrival of Avatar 2 drive a new wave of demand for 3D glasses products and improve the technical quality?

In this regard, 1905 Film Network visited three domestic enterprises that produce and supply 3D glasses. Because of the arrival of Avatar 2, they unanimously said — — Orders for 3D glasses have exploded recently.

01

"Orders and production lines are all full. At present, there are millions of orders received, all of which are trying to stock up for customers. According to this demand ratio, this month’s output may exceed 10 million pairs. "

Liu Bingbing, general manager of Shenzhen Future Stereo Technology Co., Ltd. told us that the average annual output of the company’s brand "Geduowei" 3D glasses is 30-40 million pairs. Because of Avatar 2, at least a quarter of the annual output is concentrated this month.

Established in 2009, Future Stereo is one of the earliest enterprises in China to manufacture 3D glasses, and now there are 2,000-3,000 cinemas in cooperation with all parts of the country. Liu Bingbing said that since Avatar 2 was finalized overseas in early November, they predicted that it would land in China mainland cinemas and increase the production of 3D glasses ahead of schedule.

Time Huaying is also an early enterprise in China to develop, produce and sell cinema 3D systems and 3D glasses. It has more than 20 million pairs of medium and large-sized 3D glasses production bases with annual production capacity, and its 3D brand "Feidio" mainly cooperates with China Film and Wanda.

Time Huaying introduced that they had already made full preparations for the release of Avatar 2. After the file was finalized, major studios and cinemas quickly placed orders, and the order volume of 3D glasses reached millions, which was more than 10 times higher than the average monthly shipment.

3D glasses manufacturer Hengchuang Bora is also accelerating production, "obvious changes. Because of "Avatar 2", the demand for 3D glasses in cooperative studios has increased a lot. In recent years, there has been no business and a lot fewer workers. Now I am busy and the production is really tight. " Huang Shuisong, a staff member of Hengchuang Bora, said.

According to the annual shipment trend chart of 3D glasses provided by Time Huaying, the company’s shipment of 3D glasses reached its peak in 2017, and then gradually declined, reaching its lowest point in 2020 due to the epidemic. In the past two years, shipments have shown a slow growth trend.

Times Huaying 3D glasses annual shipment trend chart

Time Huaying explained that around 2017, most studios chose to sell 3D glasses, which led to the sales of 3D glasses. Since then, due to a large number of "pseudo-3D" movies, 3D movies specially provided by China, and the uneven screening equipment, a series of problems at the content end and the restoration end have greatly reduced the effect of 3D movies, and watching 3D movies is dark and dizzy, causing many viewers to start to resist and resist 3D movies.

From the data point of view, according to the statistics of the Motion Picture Association of America, the global box office revenue of 3D movies decreased from 21% in 2017 to 6% in 2020, and rose to 7% in 2021. According to the statistics of 1905 Movie Network, the number of domestic (including co-production) live-action 3D movies has gradually increased from one in 2011 to 26 in 2016, and then it has also decreased year by year. By 2021, only two domestic 3D live-action movies will be released.

It can be seen that the popularity of 3D movies has indeed declined since 2017, and the demand for 3D glasses has also decreased with the coldness of the 3D movie market.

Liu Bingbing’s feelings about this are particularly obvious. "Especially in the past three years, many 3D suppliers have closed down. Because our company’s future technology has always adhered to overseas markets, there are still relatively many 3D movies released from India to the United States, so the shrinkage in the whole industry is not too serious. "

Similarly, Hengchuang Bora has also focused on the foreign trade market in recent years. Huang Shuisong revealed that the average annual sales of 3D glasses produced by the company now reach 50 million pairs, which are mainly sold to overseas markets. The average annual sales in China are about 6 million pairs, accounting for less than 15%. Now, because of Avatar 2, the supply of 3D glasses has been promoted instantly.

In addition to ordinary 3D, Avatar 2 also released CINITY, IMAX3D, DolbyCinema, China Giant Screen and other versions. Different special effects halls have 3D glasses with different standards, which cannot be used universally.

Take IMAX as an example. When Avatar was released in 2010, there were only 14 IMAX theaters in China, and the tickets of major IMAX theaters were sold out quickly. In 2021, Avatar was re-released in 716 IMAX studios nationwide, setting a record for the first weekend of IMAX re-released films in China. Avatar not only directly promoted the full blossom of IMAX cinemas in China, but also upgraded the laser IMAX from the first generation to the third generation. It is worth noting that the 3D glasses of the three generations of laser IMAX cinemas are not different and cannot be used with each other.

If the cinema does not provide 3D glasses for free, the audience needs to buy them according to the specifications of the cinema, and different brands have different quality and price. Under the influence of the epidemic, for the sake of safety and hygiene, the demand for 3D glasses purchased by the audience will increase, which will undoubtedly usher in a wave of benefits for 3D glasses sellers.

02

Although domestic cinemas sell 3D glasses, most of them are mainly provided free of charge. Nowadays, the profits of selling 3D glasses in cinemas are relatively low.

Zener International Studios currently has 26 chain studios in China. Li Bin, assistant general manager, said that before 2016, the sales of 3D glasses in studios were good. Later, the competition among studios was fierce, and the 3D fever ebbed, so it was basically provided to the audience free of charge.

At present, there are 40,000 pairs of 3D glasses in the studio, and the purchase price a few years ago was close to 5 yuan. "This time, let’s take the opportunity of Avatar 2 to clean up the inventory. The prices of different 3D glasses range from 10-30 yuan, and basically do a 50% discount package tying."

3D glasses are also products with small profits but quick turnover, mainly relying on low profits, low prices and expanding sales to increase revenue.

From Ma Yuwu, the head of Beijing Xiwang International Studios, who provided us with a price list of 3D glasses promoted by a merchant, we can see that the general cost of 3D glasses is low — —

"Ordinary model /0.2mm/0.88 yuan, children model /0.2mm/0.90 yuan, hanging clip model /0.2mm/0.70 yuan, clip model /0.7mm/3.5 yuan (unit price of more than 1000 sets); There is also a batch of 3D glasses (giant screen model /0.28, Skyworth model /0.4 double antibody, bicolor model /0.28). "

The production threshold of 3D glasses is low, and many 3D glasses made by small enterprises and family workshops on the market do not meet the certification standards. There are not many domestic enterprises with big brands and a certain production scale. After a large number of unqualified 3D glasses manufacturers join the production team, they will have a great impact on the big manufacturers in terms of quality and price.

"When the first Avatar was released, a pair of 3D glasses could be sold at an ex-factory price of 200 yuan in 300 yuan and 700 yuan in 800 yuan. Nowadays, the ex-factory price of 3D glasses is more than one piece at most. In recent years, the volume has been serious, which has led to malicious price competition, so it basically does not make money. Even if Avatar 2 comes, our price is the lowest, and it is great that a pair of 3D glasses can earn five cents at most. We also want to make more orders overseas. "

Liu Bingbing said that if the sci-fi blockbuster released in the Spring Festival in 2023 can also be released in 3D, it will greatly stimulate the sales of 3D products together with Avatar 2. He hopes that Avatar 2 can stimulate the high-quality enjoyment of domestic 3D viewing and indirectly promote the quality and effect of 3D movies in China. Because only good 3D movies can have good 3D glasses.

Even if 3D glasses can be supplied to amusement parks, theme parks, science and technology museums, aquariums, 3D TVs, home private cinemas and other places of entertainment, cinemas are still the main core supply target.

Time Huaying is also optimistic about the future prospects of the 3D glasses industry. "With the market growth, the glasses factory gradually turned to automatic production, increased production capacity, and the price of glasses gradually rationalized. The audience’s requirements for the quality of 3D glasses increased, and more people chose high-quality 3D glasses with high contrast and high transmittance."

The ultimate 3D effect created by Avatar 2 and the audience’s high pursuit of 3D viewing experience will force the cinema 3D projection technology and the quality of 3D glasses to be upgraded. When excellent 3D content is blessed by high-quality projection equipment and viewing equipment, viewers who love watching 3D movies will definitely return to the cinema.

We should be alert to the threat of "spyware" to national defense information security. [Illustration of Fang Han in the People’s Liberation Army newspaper]

　　Looking through the "China Internet Annual Information Security Report" published by the IT industry, we can see that last year, the number of computer viruses infected by software in the world increased explosively. Kingsoft Internet Security alone intercepted as many as 240,156 new virus samples, among which the number of Trojan viruses accounted for 73% of the total number of new viruses, reaching 175,313.

　　Spyware is the most rampant computer virus with a large number of names, which not only erodes the information security in various fields such as politics, economy and culture, but also brings unprecedented challenges to the national defense information security.

　　China is one of the biggest victims of "spyware" attacks.

　　With the development of information technology, computers are becoming more and more popular in social life. On the one hand, computers bring convenience to our lives, on the other hand, they also bring hidden dangers to information security. Turn on the computer every day, and maybe at the same time, you open a pair of eyes that peek at your own information.

　　According to statistics, among the countries attacked by "spyware", China is one of the biggest victims. In the second half of last year, about 64,000 computers were affected by malicious programs every day, of which 26% were in China, which is higher than any other country.

　　According to some data, in recent years, almost all the most lethal viruses spread in the world have been raging in China.

　　The United States frequently attacks mainland websites.

　　In 2005, China National Computer Network Emergency Technology Processing Coordination Center conducted sampling monitoring on network attacks, and found that 220,000 hosts from abroad had launched attacks on mainland China.

　　Among them,The countries and regions that frequently attack websites on the mainland are the United States (40%), Japan (11%), Taiwan Province, China (10%) and South Korea (8%).The monitoring also found that there are about 27,000 Trojan attacks on the mainland outside China, mainly located in the United States, South Korea and Taiwan Province, China; There are about 16,000 IP’s abroad that control zombie hosts in mainland China, mainly located in the United States, South Korea and Taiwan Province, China. In terms of website page tampering, the total number of tampered websites in mainland China reached 24,477, of which 3,831 were tampered with by government websites, accounting for 16% of the tampered websites in the whole mainland.

　　Military information construction should guard against "spyware"

　　With the advancement of military construction transformation and the development of information technology, the number of computers used for national defense needs is increasing year by year, which puts forward higher requirements for national defense information security protection. According to the survey, many people think that if computers used for military and national defense construction are physically isolated from the Internet, they can sit back and relax.

　　In fact, all kinds of free software tools we often use, as well as newly downloaded versions of upgrade software or installation software, are probably a carrier to hide "spyware".

　　Some computer users in the army and local departments with the function of national defense construction often don’t realize this problem. They only pay attention to external security and computer shielding, but ignore the infection of viruses through software, which makes it possible for "spyware" to invade.

　　Symptoms of being attacked by "spyware"

　　Browsers are inexplicably modified, many toolbars are added, webpages are turned into irrelevant strange pages, files are modified or lost for no reason, and computers are suddenly shut down automatically … A senior IT person said, "If this happens, it is likely that you have encountered spyware".

　　Spyware is a computer virus that does great harm to national defense information security. Like spies sneaking into the target, "spyware" often sneaks into the target in a hidden way.

　　Software bundling is the most common and hidden way. It is usually put together with a utility software. When users install this utility software, "spyware" will automatically install it quietly. Although some vague statements are usually given in the software installation agreement, I’m afraid not many people will patiently read the lengthy agreement before confirming it. There are even some softwares that are actually "spyware" in the name of anti-spyware.

　　As it turns out, after browsing some malicious websites or clicking some links, you may also install "spyware" programs in your browser or system. "Spyware" often has dual software characteristics. On the surface, it has practical and attractive basic functions, such as mp3 playing, BT downloading, or a small game, but in fact it hides a hidden component, which records users’ online behavior and habits and returns relevant information to software publishers.

　　The survey shows that in 2006, 81% of personal computers in China were infected with "spyware", and some computers were infected with as many as 25 kinds of "spyware". Another survey of 2,066 enterprises showed that 80% of enterprises in China reported the problem of "spyware". The harm of "spyware" has been more serious than virus, and it has become the number one "killer" endangering the security of national defense information.

　　Information security needs to prevent blocking at the same time

　　The development of information technology is like a double-edged sword, which brings new challenges to national defense security. Nowadays, network technology has become a new means of military operations. Using "spyware" to spy on each other’s national defense secrets and destroy each other’s network will cause huge losses to each other and even lead to total collapse.

　　The increasingly prominent problem of national defense information security has aroused universal concern in the world. To solve the problem of national defense information security, we must strengthen the national defense concept of the whole people and take the road of independent innovation and development.

　　-Enhance awareness of network security. First, strengthen security education, so that national defense front workers can further understand the current situation of international network security, realize the seriousness of the struggle against stealing secrets, and enhance their awareness of self-prevention; Second, computers used in the field of national defense should use specially provided software, and do not use pirated software or download various software on the Internet at will to cut off the source of virus infection; Third, the state should strengthen legislation on information security, intensify efforts to crack down on rogue software, "spyware" and other malicious software, and purify cyberspace.

　　-Strengthening the construction of network information talents. We should learn from some practices of foreign troops, absorb network experts, build a network information security team, and improve China’s network security prevention ability.

　　-Accelerate the pace of software development. At present, the United States, India and other countries are recognized as big countries in software development and sales, but China is still relatively backward in this respect. The state should strengthen the development of software with independent intellectual property rights. In particular, it is necessary to develop software that has a significant impact on our country’s information security and meet the needs of important fields such as national defense and military.

　　-Strengthening research on anti-virus technology. At present, in the field of network security, the main technical support means are firewall, intrusion detection, data encryption and anti-virus, among which anti-virus technology is the most widely used. The state should strengthen the research on anti-virus technology and continuously improve the active defense ability of national defense information security.

Editor: Li Yongchao

Cctv newsYesterday (3rd), the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases such as Organizing Cheating in Examinations, which severely punished cheating in four categories of "national examinations prescribed by law", such as college entrance examination, postgraduate examination and judicial examination.

According to the criminal law, the crime of cheating in organizing exams, illegally selling, providing test questions and answers, and the crime of replacing exams are applicable to "national exams prescribed by law". Explain that the first article mainly clarifies which exams belong to the "national exams prescribed by law".

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office.Article 1 of the Interpretation stipulates that "the national examination prescribed by law" refers to the examination prescribed by laws formulated by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee.

It is clear that cheating in four types of exams, such as college entrance examination, is a crime.

This explanation makes it clear that the following examinations belong to the "national examinations prescribed by law": (1) national education examinations such as the entrance examination for ordinary colleges and universities, the entrance examination for graduate students, the self-study examination for higher education, and the entrance examination for adult colleges and universities; (2) central and local civil service recruitment examinations; (3) National unified legal professional qualification examination, national teacher qualification examination, national unified examination for certified public accountants, accounting professional and technical qualification examination, asset appraiser qualification examination, doctor qualification examination, licensed pharmacist professional qualification examination, registered architect examination, construction engineer qualification examination and other professional and technical qualification examinations; (4) other national examinations organized by the central or local competent departments and industries according to law.

On this basis, the third paragraph of Article 1 of the Interpretation further stipulates that the special types of enrollment, special skills tests, interviews and other examinations involved in the above-mentioned examinations belong to the "national examinations prescribed by law".

Criminal Law: The punishment for cheating is heavier if the circumstances are serious.

According to the provisions of the Criminal Law, whoever organizes cheating or provides cheating equipment or other help for others to commit the crime of organizing cheating in the national examination prescribed by law constitutes the crime of organizing cheating in the examination, and is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, with a fine or a single fine; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined.

So which behaviors are serious? The judicial interpretation released yesterday also specifically clarified the serious circumstances.

The explanation is clear. The college entrance examination, postgraduate entrance examination and civil servant recruitment examination have high social concern, great influence and wide coverage. The direct stipulation of organizing cheating in these three types of exams is "serious circumstances".

Explain that it is clearly defined as "serious circumstances" that the exam is postponed, cancelled or enabled due to cheating. According to the relevant person in charge of the Supreme Law, some cheating cases are committed by exam staff, especially in cheating cases before the exam, the "shadow" of "inside ghosts" can often be seen, and the actor illegally obtains exam questions and answers by bribing a specific person to know before the exam, and then organizes cheating in the exam.

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:Examination staff violate their responsibilities to organize cheating in exams, which is more subjective and vicious, so the Interpretation defines it as "serious circumstances". Organizing candidates to cheat across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government is very harmful, so the Interpretation defines it as "serious circumstances".

The Interpretation defines cheating in exams for many times, cheating for more than 30 times, and providing more than 50 pieces of cheating equipment as "serious circumstances". According to the relevant person in charge of the Supreme Law, according to the different exams involved, the amount of illegal income from organizing cheating in exams or providing cheating equipment varies greatly.

Based on the consideration of severely punishing the crime of cheating in organizing exams, the Interpretation defines the illegal income of more than 300,000 yuan as "serious circumstances".

What equipment belongs to "cheating equipment"

According to the criminal law, the crime of cheating in organizing exams involves providing cheating equipment for others to commit the crime of cheating in organizing exams. So how to identify "cheating equipment"? Let’s see how it is stipulated in the Judicial Interpretation.

The judicial interpretation stipulates: "The programs and tools with the functions of avoiding or breaking through the safety management measures to prevent cheating in the examination room, obtaining, recording, transmitting, receiving and storing examination questions and answers, and the programs and tools specially designed for cheating shall be recognized as the second paragraph of Article 284-1 of the Criminal Law ‘ Cheating equipment ’ 。”

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:According to this, button-type digital cameras and glasses-type close-up devices that can send and receive examination questions and answers by disguising themselves to avoid examination in the examination room can all be regarded as "cheating equipment".

On this basis, in order to unify the identification procedure of cheating equipment, the second paragraph of Article 3 of the Interpretation further stipulates: "Whether it belongs to the second paragraph of Article 284-1 of the Criminal Law ‘ Cheating equipment ’ It is difficult to determine, according to the report issued by the public security organ at or above the provincial level or the examination department, combined with other evidence to make a determination; Involving special spy equipment, special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos, ‘ Pseudo base station ’ And other equipment, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the identification. "

How to identify the cheating that was investigated before the exam began?

In addition, from a practical point of view, many cases of cheating in organizing exams are investigated before the exam begins. In this case, the purpose of cheating in organizing exams has not been achieved. Should it be regarded as a crime accomplished or attempted? This judicial interpretation has been clarified.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Supreme Law, the constitutive elements of the crime of organizing cheating in exams are organizing cheating and providing cheating equipment or other help for others to commit the crime of organizing cheating in exams. As long as the behavior of organizing cheating in exams has actually seriously endangered the order of exams, it should be regarded as a crime accomplished, and whether the purpose of cheating is realized should not affect the establishment of the crime accomplished.

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:In order to unify the application of the law and severely punish the crime of cheating in organizing exams according to law, Article 4 of the Interpretation makes clear the relevant issues. If cheating in the exam is caught before the exam begins, but the exam questions and answers have been illegally obtained or there are other circumstances that seriously disturb the order of the exam, it shall be deemed that the crime of cheating in the organization exam has been completed.

Illegally providing test questions shall be punished for more than three years.

Explain that there are also two statutory penalties for the crime of illegally selling, providing test questions and answers. Among them, if the circumstances are serious, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and fined.

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:Article 6 of the Interpretation stipulates: "For the purpose of cheating in exams, illegally selling or providing questions and answers of national exams prescribed by law to others, if the questions are incomplete or the answers are not completely consistent with the standard answers, it will not affect the determination of the crime of illegally selling or providing questions and answers."

Clear rules for dealing with crimes instead of exams.

According to the criminal law, a person who takes the national examination in place of others or lets others take the national examination in place of himself as stipulated by law constitutes the crime of taking the examination instead, and shall be sentenced to criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also or only be fined.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Supreme Law, in order to take into account the differences in the circumstances and circumstances of taking the test, the types of tests involved are different. In order to reflect and implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity, and to urge the actors who take the test to repent and turn over a new leaf, if they do show remorse, they can be suspended according to law.

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Interpretation specifically stipulates: "If the perpetrator’s crime is minor, he does show remorse, and comprehensively considers the actor’s taking the test and the type of the test, he can declare probation if he thinks that it meets the applicable conditions for probation; If the circumstances of the crime are minor, no prosecution may be instituted or criminal punishment may be exempted; If the circumstances are significant, minor and harmless, they will not be treated as crimes. "

The explanation also clarified the rules for dealing with the crime of cheating in exams other than the national exams prescribed by law.

Jiang Qibo, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:Explain the provisions of Article 10: "Whoever organizes cheating, provides cheating equipment or other help for others to organize cheating, or illegally sells or provides test questions and answers in other examinations other than the national examinations prescribed by law, which meets the constitutive requirements of crimes such as illegally obtaining state secrets, illegally producing and selling eavesdropping, stealing special equipment, illegally using eavesdropping, stealing special equipment, illegally using information networks, and disturbing the order of radio communication management, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law."

Mr. Mao Zedong once said: "China’s long-term feudal society has created splendid ancient culture." This shows the importance of culture to a society and even a country. A long history of civilization requires us to pass it on; The touching spirit wants us to continue; Up and down five thousand years of history, want us to pass on. This is the youth in New China, and this is what Mr. Mao Zedong calls the sun at eight or nine o’clock in the morning.

Chinese culture is profound and has a long history. The history of 5,000 years has also made foreign friends admire and admire it. There is only history to have the present, and only the ruins know the rise and fall. Therefore, only by inheriting the traditional culture can we cultivate ourselves and govern the country. Dare to ask which 21st century teenager doesn’t have such a dream? In Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin, when Jing Ke went to Qin, the ministers were in tears, but Jing Ke couldn’t bear to look at it, leaving an eternal famous sentence: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man will never return when he is gone." Which of Yan Wang, Jing Ke and Qin Wang in this article does not want their country to be prosperous, their people to live and work in peace and contentment, and their history and culture to be passed down by themselves?

Dynasties are not immutable, and culture is not. If a nation and a country do not have their own unique culture, then I think this country is not far from extinction. Why did Qin Shihuang burn books to bury Confucianism? Code of hammurabi, the first written code in human history, Athens, the first democratic country in human history, many firsts in human history, the first detailed chronicle history book in China history, and many firsts in China history all confirm what Emerson once said: "Culture opens the perception of beauty." Beauty refers not only to the beauty of image, but also to the perfection of culture. "Beauty" runs through us, and culture is interspersed among us. "Cultural progress is the law of the world, and cultural progress is also the trend of China." China people’s ideological and cultural progress, quality of life progress, scientific research progress, medical services progress. China has been making progress, and so have the people of China! In just 70 years, culture has brought us not only cohesion, but also our fighting capacity!