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　　 CCTV News:During the two sessions, the spring is strong, and it is the "March 8" International Women’s Day.

　　International Women’s Day is a festival for women all over the world to strive for peace, equality and development. According to the "National Holidays and Remembrance Days" promulgated by the State Council,On Women’s Day, women (generally speaking, female employees who have established labor relations) have a half-day holiday.

　　Although Women’s Day is a legal holiday, it is worth noting that:

　　On Women’s Day, female employees go to work without overtime pay.If the holiday falls on Saturday and Sunday and the unit arranges employees to work overtime, it shall pay overtime pay for rest days according to law;

　　Employers also have no legal obligation to issue women’s day benefits.If there is an agreement in the collective contract or labor contract, or there is a provision in the rules and regulations, it should be handled according to this agreement and provision.

　　Benefits granted on Women’s DayNot included in total wages.

　　In addition to half a day off, women in the workplace also have these exclusive rights!

　　For more than a century, women in various countries have made unremitting efforts to fight for their rights. The implementation of the Labor Law and the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests provides special labor protection for female employees during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. In addition, women also enjoy a number of exclusive rights and preferential benefits.

　　Fair employment, equal pay for equal work

　　The first paragraph of Article 23 of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests stipulates that all units shall not refuse to hire women or raise the employment standards for women on the grounds of gender, except for jobs or posts that are not suitable for women.

　　Article 27 of the Employment Promotion Law stipulates that an employer may not refuse to employ women or raise the employment standards for women on the grounds of gender.

　　Multi-property leave can be extended for up to one year.

　　The Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Employees clearly stipulates that female employees enjoy maternity.98 days maternity leaveAmong them, you can take 15 days off before delivery; In case of dystocia, maternity leave will be increased by 15 days; In case of multiple births, the maternity leave will be increased by 15 days for each additional baby.

　　At present, many provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have revised the local population and family planning regulations, and all localities have increased the duration of maternity leave for women to varying degrees. In 2017, Tibet explicitly extended maternity leave to one year through a document jointly issued by government departments, which is also the longest maternity leave in all provinces in China.

　　On the basis of the 98-day maternity leave in the Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Workers, the revised regulations in various places have increased maternity incentive leave or extended maternity leave.Generally reaching 138 days to 158 days.And there is a man’s escort leave or nursing leave, which is generally 15 days to 30 days.

　　Pay more attention to "special period"

　　On March 1st, the Special Provisions on the Implementation of Labor Protection for Female Employees in Shaanxi Province came into effect, providing special labor protection for female employees during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. It is worth mentioning that this regulation specifies the "dysmenorrhea leave". If a female employee can’t work normally due to severe dysmenorrhea or excessive menstrual flow, she can apply for one to two days’ leave from the unit with the certificate of a medical institution above the second level.

　　At present, at least 19 provinces have implemented "dysmenorrhea leave", which allows female employees to take a day or two off during special periods. However, local regulations are inconsistent. Some regulations only need to provide proof from medical institutions, while others limit the types of work, and only allow female employees with "third-level physical labor intensity" and "long-term standing and walking labor" to take "dysmenorrhea leave".

　　Enjoy maternity leave and paid annual leave at the same time

　　Article 6 of the Measures for the Implementation of Paid Annual Leave for Enterprise Employees stipulates: "The holidays prescribed by the state, such as family leave, funeral leave and maternity leave, which employees enjoy according to law, as well as the period of work stoppage with pay due to work-related injuries are not included in the annual leave."

　　Therefore, there is no conflict between maternity leave and paid annual leave, and female employees can enjoy maternity leave and paid annual leave at the same time.

　　Exclusive lounge

　　According to the "Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Workers", employers with more female workers should establish facilities such as female workers’ health rooms, pregnant women’s lounges and nursing rooms according to the needs of female workers, so as to properly solve the difficulties of female workers in physical hygiene and breastfeeding.

　　For female employees who need to stand for a long time in shopping malls, supermarkets, etc., the unit should set up rest seats in their workplaces.

　　"Subsidy" is one more per month.

　　At present, many provinces and cities have made it clear that female workers can receive a certain monthly subsidy for sanitary products. In recent years, with the rise in prices, this "subsidy" has also risen.

　　For example, from November 1, 2015 in Hebei, the health expenses of female employees will be 4 to 6 yuan per person per month or the corresponding sanitary products will be adjusted and raised to 30 yuan per person per month or the corresponding sanitary products.

　　From March 1st, 2009, the subsidy for sanitary products for female employees in Heilongjiang Province was raised from 10 yuan to 20 yuan per person per month.

　　In Shanxi, it is clear that employers need to provide female employees with health expenses not less than that of 30 yuan per person per month, at least once a year for gynecological examination, "two cancers" special examination, 2% one-time nutrition subsidy and occupational health examination.

　　"Life events" don’t toss

　　In the face of "life events" such as marriage and having children, you don’t have to bother God anymore.

　　Article 23, paragraph 2, of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests stipulates that all units shall sign labor (employment) contracts or service agreements with female employees in accordance with the law, and the labor (employment) contracts or service agreements shall not stipulate the contents that restrict the marriage and childbirth of female employees.

　　The third paragraph of Article 27 of the Employment Promotion Law stipulates that an employer shall not stipulate in the labor contract the contents that restrict the marriage and childbirth of female employees. Even if there is a similar agreement in the labor contract, it is invalid.

　　"Phase III" is well protected.

　　"Phase III" refers to the female employees’.Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. There are many laws and regulations in our country to protect the rights and interests of female employees from infringement during the "three phases".

　　(1) jobs and wages are guaranteed.

　　Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests stipulates that no unit may dismiss female employees or unilaterally terminate labor contracts on the grounds of marriage, pregnancy, maternity leave and breastfeeding.

　　② Night shift and overtime work should be as little as possible.

　　The "Special Provisions on Labor Protection for Female Employees" clearly stipulates that for female employees who have been pregnant for more than 7 months, the employer shall not extend working hours or arrange night work, and shall arrange certain rest time during working hours. If you are pregnant within 7 months, you can arrange it, but it is recommended that the employer try not to arrange it. In addition, the employer shall not extend working hours or arrange night shift work for female employees who breast-feed babies under one year old.

　　(3) labor dispatch workers shall not be returned.

　　According to the "Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch", if the dispatched workers are in the "third phase", before the expiration of the dispatch period, the employer shall not return the female employees in the third phase to the labor dispatch unit due to economic layoffs or major changes in the objective situation; If the dispatch period expires, it shall continue until the corresponding situation disappears before it can be returned.

　　④ The labor intensity can be reduced.

　　According to the Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Workers, if a female worker can’t adapt to the original labor during pregnancy, the employer shall, according to the certificate of the medical institution, reduce the amount of labor or arrange other adaptable labor.

　　Menopausal care is indispensable.

　　In addition to pregnancy, childbirth and lactation, the "Regulations on Health Care for Female Workers" includes menopausal health care. It requires employers to publicize the knowledge of menopause physiology and health, so that female workers entering menopause can get extensive social care.

　　In order to ensure the physical and mental health of menopausal female workers, the Regulations on Health Care for Female Workers also requires employers to check and treat gynecological diseases every one to two years. At the same time, if the medical or maternal and child health care institutions at or above the county (district) are diagnosed as menopausal syndrome, and the treatment effect is still not significant, and they are not suitable for the original work, appropriate work should be arranged temporarily.

　　Heavy manual labor can be refused.

　　According to the "Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Workers", female workers have the right to refuse to engage in heavy manual labor such as underground mine operations:

　　(1) Underground operations in mines;

　　(two) the fourth level of physical labor intensity specified in the classification standard of physical labor intensity;

　　(three) the load of more than 6 times per hour, each time more than 20 kilograms of work, or intermittent load, each time more than 25 kilograms of work.

　　Female workers during pregnancy and lactation also have the right to refuse to engage in operations where the concentration of toxic substances exceeds the national occupational health standards.

　　Article source: Out-of-box girl Suzy WeChat WeChat official account

　　Original title: Taro ingredients | Dou Erdun with blue face steals the royal horse, and I with red face is bitter haha!

　　Author: taro

　　Sex! Taro is online ~

　　Unconsciously, 618 has actually ended. Taro looked at his achievements and expressed great satisfaction. He really responded to that sentence: buy buy Buy is one of the happiness of women! After a quick pull, I suddenly found a very interesting thing: this olive ingredient of 618 seems to be a bit popular this year, and it is actually included in the top two essences of the repurchase list!

　　But it’s normal to think about it. After all, with our sisters’ skin care methods, we should wash our faces more, give our skin some harsh materials, and stay up late at night without taking good care of our skin … Isn’t it simple to get sensitive muscles? (Pure irony, if offended, I kneel down)

　　Look at the olive, which is known as the existence of the ceiling in the repair industry. It is indeed a good choice to find it when your face is uncomfortable! Simply, let’s take a look at the true face of olive today!

　　What’s your first reaction when you mention olive? Is it olive oil that is usually used in cooking? Or the football that can be thrown away? In fact, people have nothing to do with them.

　　It actually refers to the olive (Olea europaea) growing in the Mediterranean region, which is a subtropical fruit tree of Oleaceae and a long-lived tree.

　　We usually use olive leaf extract in skin care products. Similar to other plant extracts, olive leaves are not a single component, but contain many compounds such as oleuropein, luteolin, caffeic acid, apigenin, quercetin and rutin.

　　The phenolic compounds extracted from olive leaves are in the picture above, aren’t they quite a lot? But although there are so many kinds, there are only two that play a major role in skin care: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.

　　Speaking of it, it is not unreasonable that olive leaf extract is called the "master" ingredient to repair the skin barrier. After all, people have some real skills in their bodies, don’t believe you.

　　one

　　Soothes and reduces redness　

　　As I told you before, there is a kind of giant edible macrophage in our body, and its magic weapon of output is "mouth"-devouring factors that may cause our body discomfort.

　　But when macrophages are full or tired of eating, they may want to be lazy secretly. At this time, olive leaves are needed to play a role, which can stimulate the activity of macrophages. On the one hand, they can be killed and swallowed in time at the early stage of the formation of fire, and the action goal is accurate and the action is very quick ~

　　On the other hand, in the later stage, it can also inhibit some reactions of "fire", promote the generation of cells and collagen at the same time, and improve the problems of skin redness, peeling, even red, swollen acne and pigmentation caused by "fire". The soothing ability is still quite good!

　　2

　　antioxidation

　　The antioxidant ability of olive leaf extract is mainly attributed to its oleuropein, which can help to improve the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and heme oxygenase -1, and enhance the skin’s ability to defeat free radicals.

　　However, it should be noted that compared with its preventive effect, its soothing effect is better. In short, olive leaf extract is a good hand for after-sun repair, but if it is used as a substitute for vitamin C in the "early C and late A" skin care method, it is still slightly worse.

　　three

　　servicing　　

　　Finally, the hidden skill repair of olive leaf extract is introduced, which is mainly because it can promote the up-regulation of PPAR.

　　PPAR is a kind of signal molecule in our body, and the production of lipid and collagen is closely related to it. By promoting the increase of PPAR, olive leaves can produce more collagen IV as the main component of basement membrane, so that the inner barrier of skin (basement membrane) will be stronger and stronger, and the purpose of repair will be achieved.

　　Olive leaf extract, which can not only relieve redness, repair barriers, but also resist oxidation, should also pay attention to its concentration when selecting products. Theoretically, the higher the concentration of olive leaf extract, the better the effect. Hallstar, the raw material manufacturer of olive leaf extract, suggested that the addition amount in the formula should be 0.1%-1%.

　　But in fact, many products are often compounded with olive leaf extract and other ingredients, which requires us to find more information to make a good judgment ~

　　one

　　high concentration　　

　　Let’s look at some products with high concentration and strong efficacy first. When Lianzi encounters some urgent problems, it’s right to ask for their help.

　　01

　　Ou Ma Olive Essence Gel

　　Reference price ￥800/30ml

　　This essence of Ou Ma can be said to be the "founder" of olive leaf essence, and it was born when most people didn’t know what olive leaf was.

　　As a big sister, it is natural to have real skills. It uses the raw olive leaf extraction technology of Omar’s family, which can not only extract olive leaves at a high concentration of 10% (data comes from the official), but also the purity of Ou Ma is much higher even at the same concentration of 10%, which naturally has a stronger soothing and moisturizing effect.

　　In addition, it is compounded with multiple amino acids, zinc gluconate, sodium hyaluronate, pantothenic acid, etc. as soothing and moisturizing assistants, and at the same time, it balances water and oil, so that the skin can move towards a healthy road. In short, in addition to the sticky texture, it will obviously dry up after being absorbed on the face, and there is nothing to say about the soothing effect of repairing red.

　　02

　　Xiu Li ke zhi se xiu essence

　　Reference price ￥595/30ml

　　Xiulike Color Repair Essence is also well-known. This botanical extract is milder than the enhanced color repair, and its main purpose is to control "fire". However, because it is a compound plant extract formula: cucumber extract and olive leaf extract jointly relieve skin tension, rosemary extract and mulberry root extract help reduce redness.

　　Therefore, the specific concentration of olive leaf extract is not very clear, but from its composition table ranking and other performances, it can be roughly divided into high concentration groups. In addition, its texture is watery, and it will not be sticky or dry after absorption, and the skin feeling is still relatively ok (OK).

　　03

　　John Jeff olive essence

　　Reference price: ￥99/30ml

　　John Jeff, who is known as the "raw material barrel", naturally has olive leaf essence, and it has also upgraded it to version 3.0, and the dry olive material alone has directly increased to 1.325%. Don’t underestimate this figure, which is a full increase of 76.66% over the previous version! (The data comes from the official, the same below)

　　This promotion is based on the original 10%Hallstar olive leaf extract solution, adding 0.575% Rhine biological olive leaf extract dry material, and adding some lactobacillus/soybean milk fermentation product filtrate and kava pepper extract, further improving its ability to relieve and reduce redness. (The dry material refers to the olive extract, and the solution refers to the olive leaf extract+water+glycerol. Generally, the concentration we say is the filtrate.)

　　The advantage of raw material barrels is that you can enjoy the same efficacy as your expensive ones with less money, but you may sacrifice your sense of use, but the overall cost performance is still very high ~

　　2

　　Medium and low concentration

　　Next, let’s look at a few products containing olive leaf extract with medium and low concentration. They are all types that are more suitable for daily stability and slow use.

　　01

　　Lifelong research on the essence of five rings air

　　Reference price: ￥139/15ml

　　Oil-sensitive muscle is the most headache for me, until I met the essence of five rings, which I have studied all my life. This ingredient formula is simply a textbook-level solution for oil-sensitive muscle!

　　First of all, it’s Bilishu TMPIUS (composed of supermolecular olive+citrus fruit extract+saffron flower extract), in which supermolecular olive is its characteristic, which is a high concentration and high permeability component formed by combining the active substance in olive with some supermolecular solvents.

　　In short, Bilishu TMPIUS can make the ingredients better absorbed on the basis of ensuring the concentration, and the effect is naturally better. In addition, it also adds Centella asiatica extract and ekdoline to help relieve and repair sensitive muscles.

　　As for those red pockmarks, greasy feeling and even skin micro-ecological imbalance, it also takes care of them, such as glucosamine (data from the official, the same below), royal jelly oil control factor and 2% probiotic complex, which are super-friendly to oil-sensitive muscles in all aspects.

　　02

　　Purid chuangyan 2 jinghua

　　Reference price: ￥119/30ml

　　Chuangyan No.2 is the top of the 618 repurchase list mentioned before (the ranking of the list is only the data as of June 15th), and it still has the ability to live up to everyone’s favorite from the perspective of ingredient formula.

　　The main ingredient is 3% tranexamic acid +2% olive leaf extract +1%L- rhamnose (the data comes from the official), which can effectively lighten redness, repair skin, play a certain soothing role, and fill skin. After all, tranexamic acid is a kind of brightening ingredient that Japanese brands like very much, so it is very suitable for dealing with acne marks on the whole.

　　Need to remind everyone that the No.2 essence also uses penetration-promoting technology. Its advantage is that it can make the skin absorb effective ingredients faster and shoulder the responsibility of muscle base fluid, but don’t use it with other irritating ingredients, otherwise it may accelerate the stimulation and make your face unbearable!

　　03

　　Bai Cai Cui Soothes the Essence of Redness and Brightness.

　　Reference price: ￥258/30ml

　　The small green bottle of Baizhu Extract is known as "colorless pigment repair", and there are some common soothing ingredients in this bottle, such as olive leaf extract, vitamin C derivative, adenosine+β-glucan, which can gently reduce redness and relieve dryness.

　　Then there are the essence of Centella asiatica, cucumber extract and bisabolol, which can soothe the skin barrier and care for the skin. At the same time, it also adds PCA zinc, which is more suitable for daily soothing use of oil skin.

　　Finally, I’ll tell you a small way to choose olive leaf extract products for daily soothing: find the one containing olive leaf extract and Centella asiatica extract, and the peace of mind can be greatly improved ~

　　Well, although there are many ways to deal with skin sensitivity now, taro still hopes that Baozi can take good care of their faces and not be on the way to relieve discomfort every day!

　　references

　　[1]Borjan　D,　Leitgeb　M,　Knez　?,　Hrn?i?　MK.　Microbiological　and　Antioxidant　Activity　of　Phenolic　Compounds　in　Olive　Leaf　Extract.　Molecules.　2020　Dec　15; 25(24):5946.　doi:　10.3390/molecules25245946.　PMID:　33334001; 　PMCID:　PMC7765412.

　　[2]Perugini　P　et　al.　Efficacy　of　oleuropein　against　UVB　irradiation:　preliminary　evaluation[J].　International　journal　of　cosmetic　science,　2008,　30(2)　:　113-20.

　　[3]Majewski　G　P,　Singh　S,　Bojanowski　K.　Oliveleafderived　PPAR　agonist　complex　induces　collagen　IV　synthesis　in　human　skin　models[J].　2021.

　　[4] Tian Lipeng, Li Chunai, Cai Meng, Jin Feng, Wu Gongpeng, Pu Lumei. Study on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of olive leaf extract [J]. Journal of Food Safety and Quality Inspection, 2021,12 (20): 8178-8184. DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfq11.

　　[5]OLIVEM　1000.The　first　emulsifying　active　ingredient

　　[6]https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UwrlZ9NuKS4BiDwsoNlbkw

　　[7]https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xiqc1r4nUn70UywL3kF7DA

CCTV News:At present, Zika virus is still spreading in parts of South America and Latin America, and there is no effective drug to inhibit the infection of this virus. Recently, the research team of Tianjin University published a paper in the international authoritative academic journal protein and Cell, saying that the mystery of Zika virus replication was uncovered for the first time, which will provide an important basis for developing anti-Zika virus drugs.

According to experts, the scientific community has not found the means to inhibit Zika virus so far, and the important reason is that it is impossible to understand the replication process and mechanism of this virus. Since February this year, the research team of Tianjin University has started a research project on Zika virus, and has achieved important research results recently.

According to Tian Hongliang, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University:In the process of virus replication, almost all viruses need a protein called helicase. Our research team’s main work is to analyze the three-dimensional spatial structure of Zika virus helicase and the three-dimensional spatial structure of Zika virus helicase recognizing its genome.

Helicase protein

This protein, called helicase, plays an important role in the first step of Zika virus replication. Because the Zika virus genome exists in a double-stranded state, it is impossible to replicate the gene in this state, so it must be split into two, and the helicase is equivalent to a pair of scissors, which can cut the genome into two pieces and achieve replication, but this pair of scissors has never been exposed before, so the mechanism of virus replication is unknown. The research results of Tianjin University’s research team reveal the three-dimensional image of a single molecule of gyrase, and thus unlock the secret of how Zika virus replicates.

Janet, a professor at the School of Life Sciences, University of Michigan, USA, who has been working on Zika virus research, said that this is crucial to stop the spread of Zika virus from the root and develop drugs against Zika virus.

【 Hazards of Zika virus 】

In 2013 and 2015, during the outbreak of Seca in French Polynesia and Brazil, it was reported that Zika virus disease might cause neurological and autoimmune complications. In the outbreak of Zika in Brazil in 2015, many newborns with microcephaly were found (the ratio of head circumference of newborns to matched children of the same sex and gestational age was lower than the average by more than two standard deviations). From May 2015 to January 2016, it was reported that 4000 pregnant women infected with Zika virus gave birth to microcephaly, which was 20 times higher than that in previous years.

[The Rio Olympics has not been affected by Zika virus so far]

Brazilian Health Minister Castro met with the ambassadors of EU member states here on February 16th, and assured them on behalf of the government that the current outbreak of Zika disease would not affect the Rio Olympic Games this year.

Part of the text comes from: Xinhua News Agency

　　(Reporter Yu Chunfeng, Mi Zhe, Liu Guodong) On February 20th, the rural work conference of the Municipal Party Committee and the deployment meeting of the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization were held. Chen Miner, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. He stressed that it is necessary to fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, thoroughly implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, conscientiously implement the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Central Rural Work Conference, solidly implement the all-round promotion of rural revitalization, earnestly strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, be confident, work hard, not miss the farming season, and not give up work, comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the pace of agricultural and rural modernization, so as to speed up the pace.

　　Zhang Gong, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee and Mayor, presided over and made work arrangements. Yu Yunlin, director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress, and Wang Changsong, chairman of the CPPCC attended. Relevant city leaders attended.

　　In his speech, Chen Miner pointed out that the important speech of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the Central Rural Work Conference profoundly expounded a series of major theoretical and practical problems in comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, vigorously promoting agricultural and rural modernization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power from the strategic overall height of building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, and made clear the objectives, tasks, strategic priorities and main directions of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers at present and in the future, which is a scientific guide and action program for doing well the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to further unify thoughts and actions with the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the spirit of the Central Rural Work Conference, deeply understand and grasp the great significance, principle requirements and strategic tasks of accelerating the construction of an agricultural power, and fully understand the important position and special significance of doing a good job in the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and promoting agricultural and rural modernization in building a socialist modern metropolis in an all-round way. We will implement the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee in all aspects of the whole process of implementing the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization, give full play to the distinctive advantages, fill the shortcomings of development, and ensure that the strategic deployment of accelerating the construction of an agricultural power is implemented in Tianjin and Tianjin, and it is effective.

　　Chen Miner stressed that it is necessary to vigorously implement the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization, and make overall arrangements and coordinate the promotion of rural industries, talents, culture, ecology and organization. It is necessary to highlight food security, which is the "biggest country", and make contributions to ensuring the stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products. Do everything possible to stabilize the sown area of grain, improve the grain production capacity, strictly strengthen the protection of cultivated land, improve the income guarantee mechanism of grain farmers, enhance the circulation capacity of grain reserves, pay attention to food conservation and impairment, and strive to build a diversified food supply system. It is necessary to highlight the key task of high quality and high efficiency of agriculture and promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries. Firmly grasp the development direction of modern urban agriculture, do a good job in the article of "local products", insist on winning with modernization concept, urban characteristics, quality, scientific and technological innovation, new formats, comprehensive benefits, new systems, strengthening the leading role, supplementing the chain, promoting the format and building the brand, and rely on the dual-wheel drive of science and technology and reform to promote the "one after another" of agriculture and the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It is necessary to highlight the important goal that rural areas are livable and suitable for business, and strive to build beautiful villages. Do a good job of "Yi" articles, focus on improving the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of human settlements, and create a high-quality living space that is livable and suitable for business. Do a good job of "harmony",Improve the rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations, and promote family harmony, interpersonal harmony and social harmony. Do a good job of "beauty", not only shape but also cast soul, create a comfortable and pleasant rural environment, carry forward and practice the socialist core values, inherit the excellent farming culture, and shape the beauty from the outside to the inside, both in form and spirit. It is necessary to highlight the fundamental purpose of farmers’ prosperity, do everything possible to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income, accurately support economically weak villages, carefully create demonstration villages for rural revitalization, further improve the cooperation and support between the east and the west, and promote substantial progress in common prosperity.

　　Chen Miner emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party to carry out the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization and do a good job in the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to implement the working mechanism of the "five-level secretary" to revitalize the countryside, shoulder political responsibilities, and promote the implementation of work and policies with the implementation of responsibilities. Strengthen the mass viewpoint, implement the mass line, strengthen the system concept and improve the working skills. It is necessary to build rural grassroots party organizations, enhance their political and organizational functions, continuously reduce the burden on rural grassroots cadres, and persistently rectify formalism and bureaucracy. It is necessary to strengthen investment guarantee, accelerate the formation of a diversified investment pattern with financial priority guarantee, tilted financial focus and active social participation, and truly make good use of funds and use benefits. It is necessary to strengthen the rural revitalization talent team, cultivate and make good use of local talents, and orderly guide college graduates to their hometowns, capable people to return home, migrant workers to their hometowns, and entrepreneurs to their hometowns, so that they can stay and start businesses.

　　Zhang Gong stressed that it is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, continuously enhance the understanding and grasp of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers under the background of modernization, high-quality development and urbanization, effectively unify ideological understanding and actions with the spirit of the central government and the requirements of the municipal party committee, vigorously implement the all-round promotion of rural revitalization, and make contributions to building an agricultural power in Tianjin. We must do a good job in grain production, strengthen key core technology research, encourage agricultural business entities to accelerate development, and ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products. It is necessary to vigorously develop rural industries, create more brands of "Jin Nong Boutique", enlarge and strengthen the processing and circulation industry, modern service industry and rural tourism, and promote agriculture by production, agriculture by production and agriculture by production. It is necessary to strengthen rural infrastructure construction, promote environmental improvement, improve basic public service capabilities, and create livable and suitable businesses and beautiful villages. It is necessary to give full play to the leading role of party building, strengthen the construction of grass-roots party organizations, strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization, improve the governance system and enhance governance efficiency. It is necessary to strengthen the support, guarantee, supervision and assessment of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and promote the implementation of various tasks.

　　The meeting was held in the form of video and telephone conference, and each agriculture-related area set up sub-meeting places. Responsible comrades of relevant municipal departments and departments, and responsible comrades in charge of agriculture-related areas attended the meeting at the main venue.

　　[car home in-depth investigation] It has been a long time since the last battery investigation, and now we have picked up this topic again. The models surveyed in this issue are still several popular models listed recently, including compact cars, medium-sized cars and SUVs. Next, let’s take a look at the battery performance of these popular models!

● Automobile batteries are divided into ordinary lead-acid (non-maintenance-free) batteries and maintenance-free batteries.

　　Batteries in vehicles are divided into ordinary lead-acid (non-maintenance-free) batteries and maintenance-free batteries. Ordinary lead-acid batteries have low cost, so distilled water needs to be added regularly to supplement electrolyte for maintenance to ensure normal use. The other is a maintenance-free battery, which consumes very little electrolyte and basically does not need to be supplemented with distilled water during its service life, making it more convenient to use. The service life of general maintenance-free batteries is about 4-5 years, and the price is higher than that of ordinary lead-acid batteries. However, with the development of science and technology, some brands of lead-acid batteries have made great progress than before, and their service life is not lower than that of maintenance-free batteries, and there is no need to replenish electrolyte regularly under normal use.

● How to distinguish between ordinary lead-acid and maintenance-free batteries

　　Ordinary lead-acid batteries need to replenish electrolyte regularly, so there is a unscrewing liquid replenishment port at the top of the battery. On the contrary, the maintenance-free battery does not, so the surface is flat. In addition, the batteries of many vehicles in the market are placed in dust-proof boxes, and the batteries can only be seen after opening the dust-proof boxes.

● Several important data of battery:

Rated voltage:In general, the voltage of household car batteries is 12V.

Capacity:It represents the amount of electricity discharged by the battery under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, termination voltage, etc.). Generally, the capacity unit of an automobile battery is Ah. For example, a battery with a capacity of 45Ah can continuously discharge for 45 hours if the continuous discharge current is 1A. The higher the capacity of the battery, the better, otherwise it will affect the use of automotive electrical equipment. Of course, the higher the capacity of the battery, the higher the price.

Low temperature starting current (CCA):In addition to the above two data, there is also a mark "CCA" on the battery, which indicates the starting current that the battery can provide to the engine at low temperature. That is, the value is the current discharged by the battery before the limit feed voltage when the battery is discharged at -17.8℃ for 30 seconds. For example, a 12V battery case is marked with CCA value of 450, which means that at -17.8℃, before the voltage drops to 7.2V, it can provide 450A current for 30 seconds.

● At present, common standards for naming commonly used battery models:

First, based on the national GB standard, taking the battery of model 6-QAW-54a as an example, the explanation is as follows:

6: It is composed of six single-cell batteries, and the voltage of each single-cell battery is 2V, that is, the rated voltage is 12V；;
Q: indicates the purpose of the battery, Q is the battery for automobile starting, M is the battery for motorcycle, JC is the battery for ship, HK is the battery for aviation, D is the battery for electric vehicle, and F is the battery for valve control;
A and W: indicate the type of battery, A indicates dry-load battery, W indicates maintenance-free battery, and if it is not marked, it indicates ordinary battery;
54: indicates that the rated capacity of the battery is 54Ah;
Corner A means the first improvement of the original product, and corner B means the second improvement after the name, and so on. (Note: adding D after the model indicates good low-temperature starting performance, such as 6-QA-110D).

Second, based on Japanese JIS standard.For example, the meaning of battery parameters with model "38B20L" is analyzed as follows:

38: Indicates the performance parameters of the battery. The larger the number, the more power the battery can store. (Note: the numerical value has nothing to do with the capacity)
B: code indicating the width and height of the battery. The combination of the width and height of the battery is represented by one of eight letters (A to H). The closer the letter is to H, the greater the width and height of the battery.
20: indicates that the length of the battery is about 20cm.
L: indicates the position of the positive terminal. Seen from the battery pole, the positive terminal is marked R at the right end and L at the left end.

Third, based on the German DIN standardFor example, the meaning of each parameter of the battery with model "CCA 660" is analyzed as follows:

CCA: indicates low-temperature starting current.
660: indicates that the low-temperature starting current value is 660 amps.

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2013 Buick Excelle

　　Excelle is a veteran of the compact car market. In 2013, the manufacturer made a small change to it. Although the appearance changed little, it replaced a brand-new power system, which greatly improved its fuel economy. However, the manufacturer did not replace the battery of Excelle because of changing the power system, but still purchased the maintenance-free battery of the well-known brand ACDelco, with a capacity of 55Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 610A, which is enough for a 1.5-liter model. However, the price of this battery in Buick 4S store is not cheap, and 650 yuan is still much more expensive than the market price. In addition, the working hours in 50 yuan mean that if you choose to replace the battery for Excelle in 4S store, it will cost 700 yuan in total.

2013 Buick Angola ENCORE

　　Angola ENCORE is a small SUV launched by Buick in October 2012. Its appearance broke the market structure and further lowered the threshold of SUV, so that consumers with a budget of only 100,000 yuan can also buy a stylish, well-equipped, powerful and joint-venture SUV with a four-wheel drive system.

　　Buick Angola ENCORE uses a power combination of 1.4T+6AT, which has good acceleration performance and smoothness. The battery it uses is also from ACDelco (the specific model is unknown), but the capacity and low-temperature starting current are different from those of Excelle. It has a capacity of 60Ah, a low-temperature starting current of 438A, a 4S shop price of 605 yuan, and a working hour fee of 665 yuan in 60 yuan, which is cheaper than Excelle.

2013 Shanghai Volkswagen New Santana

　　Santana is a famous name for Chinese people. However, the new Santana launched in 2012 has nothing to do with the "previous generation" models in essence. It is a product from PQ25 platform, and should belong to the same level as POLO. However, due to its long body size and wheelbase, we will classify it as a compact car for the time being. It has been proved that its interior space is not less than that of most compact cars.

　　The new Santana has two power options: 1.4-liter and 1.6-liter, and the 6AT gearbox is one of its highlights. The new Santana adopts valta 5KD 915 105C battery, which is consistent with models such as POLO and Skoda Jingrui. The capacity of this battery is 51Ah, the low-temperature starting current is 480A, the price of 4S is 622 yuan, the working time is 70 yuan, and the total cost of replacing the battery is 692 yuan. In addition, because there is a circuit board on the battery surface of Volkswagen series models, it is a little troublesome to disassemble and replace it.

2012 Speed Sharp 1.5T Model

　　BYD is the first manufacturer in its own brand to adopt turbocharged engine and dual-clutch gearbox technology, and its brand influence has been greatly improved. Speed sharp has won the attention of the media and the public with its unprecedented remote control technology. Although there is still a lot of room for improvement in the ride comfort of the fast-sharp dual-clutch gearbox, the power of the 1.5T turbocharged engine is excellent. Coupled with its rich configuration performance, BYD Speed Sharp’s comprehensive strength is quite strong.

　　Because of its high configuration, remote control technology and remote engine starting technology, it has higher requirements for batteries. The original factory of Surui is equipped with valta 80D26L battery, with a capacity of 70Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 600A. These parameters are completely comparable to those of medium-sized cars. However, its battery price is relatively expensive. The price quoted by the 4S shop is 654 yuan, and the total cost of replacing 30 yuan is 684 yuan.

2013 Dongfeng Citroen C4L

　　Although C4L has not been listed for a long time, it has left a deep impression on people with its powerful power of 1.6T and spacious and comfortable ride. C4L is a rising star in the compact car market. Its biggest highlight is the 1.6T engine jointly developed by PSA and BMW. This engine was also awarded the title of "Top Ten International Engines in 2013" some time ago.

　　The battery of C4L is almost covered by a whole circuit board, so it is difficult to see the brand and parameters of the battery from the outside. Through our contact with the 4S store, we know that the battery used in C4L is no different from the previous Sega, both of which are Bosch L2-400 maintenance-free batteries, with a capacity of 60Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 640A. The price of accessories is 490 yuan and the working hours are 96 yuan, and the total price is a little more expensive than Sega.

2013 Dongfeng peugeot 3008

　　3008 is the first SUV launched by Dongfeng Peugeot. From the current attention and sales volume, it should be regarded as a successful model. I think its success is first attributed to the correct positioning of the 3008 by the manufacturer. Although it is derived from the compact car platform, the space and workmanship are not worse than those of mainstream SUVs such as CR-V and Tiguan, and the price is lower than them, so it is not surprising that the 3008 sells well.

　　3008 and C4L use the same power system, so their batteries are basically the same, which has been verified in the previous Sega and 308. Under normal circumstances, Citroen or Peugeot will have two battery suppliers, Bosch and Camel. The C4L introduced above uses Bosch’s battery, and the 3008 we investigated this time just uses the camel battery of the same L2-400 model, with the same capacity and low-temperature starting current as C4L, which are 60Ah and 640A respectively. However, the price of batteries in Peugeot 4S shop is relatively cheaper, with the price of accessories in 480 yuan and the working hours in 100 yuan, totaling 580 yuan.

2013 GAC Toyota Camry

　　The seventh generation Camry used tougher lines, which made it look younger and more athletic. However, its appearance doesn’t seem to get much recognition, so that its sales volume is not as good as before. In fact, if you carefully observe this generation of Camry, you will find that it has made great progress in appearance and interior texture. More importantly, the 6-speed automatic manual transmission has finally become the standard configuration of the 2.5-liter model (except the hybrid version). On the whole, its overall strength has been significantly improved compared with the previous generation.

　　Japanese cars have always used local brand parts, and almost all batteries are maintenance-free. For example, Camry uses Hitachi brand non-maintenance-free batteries, with a capacity of 65Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 630A A. From the parameter point of view, this battery is not bad. In fact, 4S stores call this battery "maintenance-free and refillable", and its service life is about 4-5 years, which is equivalent to maintenance-free batteries. According to the 4S shop, this battery does not need to be added with electrolyte during its service life under normal use. However, if it is not used properly, such as when the vehicle is parked for a long time, or listening to music when the engine is turned off, this battery may lose power and need to be supplemented with electrolyte when necessary. The quotation of this battery 4S shop is 695 yuan, and the replacement time is 80 yuan, with a total cost of 775 yuan.

2013 Dongfeng Nissan Teana

　　As another best-selling Japanese car in the medium-sized car market, Teana has also undergone a generation change in the previous period. In addition to the new design of the exterior and interior, the biggest change of the new generation Teana is to replace the previous 2.5-liter V6 engine with a 2.5-liter L4 engine. Although two cylinders were reduced, the new L4 engine did not lose to the previous V6 engine in terms of parameters, and the fuel economy was improved.

　　The new Teana adopts the non-maintenance-free battery of GS (Uni-President) brand, its capacity is 62Ah, and the low-temperature starting current is 582A. Compared with the Camry just introduced, Teana is slightly worse in battery parameters, but it will not affect the daily car. In addition, the price of battery replacement in Nissan 4S shop is slightly lower than that of Camry, in which the price of accessories is 590 yuan and the working hours are only 48 yuan.

2013 Chevrolet Mai Rui Bao

　　Although Chevrolet Mai Rui Bao has a history of many years in the United States, it is still a young model that just debuted in China. However, in the highly competitive medium-sized car market, Mai Rui Bao has gradually gained a foothold with its balanced strength and high cost performance. It is indeed a model worthy of recommendation, because its price is comparable to that of compact cars such as sagitar, but it is an out-and-out medium-sized car.

　　Mai Rui Bao uses a sail brand maintenance-free battery with a capacity of 60Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 525A. This battery is priced at 452 yuan in the 4S shop, and the working hours are paid in 90 yuan, so the overall cost is not expensive.

Summary:

　　At present, most family cars on the market use maintenance-free batteries, while only some Japanese manufacturers insist on using non-maintenance-free batteries. However, even today’s non-maintenance-free batteries, in fact, under normal use, there is no need for users to regularly replenish electrolyte, which is as convenient to use as maintenance-free batteries, and their service lives are similar. Judging from the models we investigated in this issue, the batteries they use can reassure consumers in terms of brand and parameters. Only with the increase of purchasing cost, the quotation of 4S stores for batteries is generally high, which is about 200 yuan on average. Therefore, we suggest that if your vehicle has exceeded the warranty period, it is more cost-effective to replace the battery in some regular auto repair shops, provided, of course, that the replaced battery must match the vehicle. (Text/Figure car home Zhang Ziyi)

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In order to fully reflect the spread of malicious programs, vulnerability risks, DDoS attacks, website security and other aspects of China’s Internet in the first half of 2020, CNCERT combed the monitoring data in the first half of the year and formed the monitoring data analysis report as follows. To download the report, please click the attachment at the end of the article.

catalogue

First, malicious programs

(A) computer malicious program capture

(2) Infection of users of computer malicious programs

(3) Malicious mobile Internet programs

(4) Malicious programs for networked smart devices

Second, security vulnerabilities

Third, denial of service attacks

(A) the active situation of attack resources

(2) The situation of large-volume attacks in China

(3) The activity of mainstream attack platforms

Fourth, website security

(A) phishing

(2) The back door of the website

(C) Web tampering

V. Cloud platform security

Six, industrial control system safety

(A) exposure of industrial control system on the Internet side

(II) Threat monitoring on the Internet side of industrial control system

(3) Information on safety loopholes of industrial control products

First, malicious programs

(A) computer malicious program capture

In the first half of 2020, about 18.15 million samples of computer malicious programs were captured, with an average daily spread of more than 4.83 million times, involving about 11,000 families of computer malicious programs. According to the statistics of communication sources, overseas malicious programs mainly come from the United States, Seychelles and Canada, and the specific distribution abroad is shown in Figure 1. Malicious programs located in China mainly come from Zhejiang, Guangdong and Beijing. According to the target IP statistics, there are about 42.08 million IP addresses attacked by computer malicious programs in China, accounting for 12.4% of the total IP addresses in China. These attacked IP addresses are mainly concentrated in Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang Province, etc. The distribution of IP addresses attacked by computer malicious programs in China is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1 Distribution of computer malicious code propagation sources outside China

Fig. 2 IP distribution under computer malicious code attack in China

(2) Infection of users of computer malicious programs

The number of hosts infected with computer malicious programs in China is about 3.04 million, up 25.7% year-on-year. About 25,000 computer malicious program control servers located abroad control about 3.03 million hosts in China. In terms of the countries or regions where the control servers belong, the number of control servers located in the United States, China, Hong Kong and the Netherlands ranks in the top three, with about 8,216, 1,478 and 1,064 respectively, with specific distribution as shown in Figure 3; In terms of the number of hosts controlled in China, the control scales of control servers located in the United States, the Netherlands and Germany rank the top three, controlling about 2.52 million, 1.27 million and 1.17 million hosts in China respectively, as shown in Figure 4. In addition, according to the sampling monitoring data, it is found that attacks against IPv6 networks have also begun to appear, and computer malicious program control servers with about 1,200 IPv6 addresses abroad have controlled about 15,000 IPv6 address hosts in China.

Fig. 3 Distribution of control terminals of overseas Trojan botnets that control hosts in China.

Figure 4 Countries or regions that control the number of TOP10 hosts in China.

From the regional distribution of the number of hosts infected with computer malicious programs in China, they are mainly distributed in Jiangsu Province (accounting for 15.3% of the infected number in China), Zhejiang Province (accounting for 11.9%), Guangdong Province (accounting for 11.6%), etc. The specific distribution is shown in Figure 5. Among botnets infected with malicious computer programs, there are 4,696 botnets with a scale of more than 100 hosts and 16 botnets with a scale of more than 100,000, as shown in Figure 6. Relevant institutions have disposed of 45 botnets with large control scale, effectively controlling the harm caused by computer malicious programs infecting the host.

Figure 5 The number of hosts infected with Trojan bots in China is distributed by region.

Figure 6 Scale distribution of botnets

(3) Malicious mobile Internet programs

Through independent capture and vendor exchange, more than 1.63 million malicious mobile Internet programs were discovered, up 58.3% year-on-year. Through the statistics of malicious behavior of malicious programs, it is found that the top three are still hooliganism, tariff consumption and information theft, accounting for 36.5%, 29.2% and 15.1% respectively. In order to effectively prevent the harm of malicious programs on the mobile Internet and strictly control the spread of malicious programs on the mobile Internet, 812 malicious programs on 125 platforms providing mobile application download services in China have been removed, effectively preventing the harm of malicious programs on the mobile Internet and strictly controlling the spread of malicious programs on the mobile Internet.

In recent years, China has gradually increased the security management of App stores and Applications, requiring App stores to conduct real-name audits of developers who put apps on the shelves, and conduct security inspections and content copyright audits on apps, which makes it more difficult for Internet black-market app stores to spread malicious apps. At the same time, however, the "edge-ball" gray applications that can evade supervision and achieve bad purposes have increased. For example, counterfeit apps with fishing purposes and fraudulent behaviors have become an important tool for illegal production, which continues to pose a greater threat to users in important industries such as finance, transportation and telecommunications. In the first half of 2020, 180 new download links of counterfeit apps were discovered through independent monitoring and complaint reporting. These counterfeit apps have the characteristics of easy copying, frequent version updates, and rapid spread of hot spots. They are mainly concentrated in popular applications such as counterfeit public security law, banking, social software, payment software, and ticketing software. The counterfeiting methods are mainly counterfeit names, icons, pages, etc., which are very deceptive. At present, because developers need to submit proof materials such as software copyright before Applying for the Application in the app store, it is difficult for counterfeit apps to be put on the app store, and its circulation channels are mainly concentrated in other online communication channels such as network disk, cloud disk and advertising platform.

(4) Malicious programs for networked smart devices

At present, there are more than 15 malicious programs active on smart devices, including Mirai, Gafgyt, Dofloo, Tsunami, Hajime, MrBlack, Mozi, PinkPot and so on. These malicious programs generally invade and control smart devices through vulnerabilities and violent cracking. After being controlled by intrusion, there are security threats and risks such as user information and device data being stolen, hardware devices being controlled and destroyed, devices being used as a springboard to attack other hosts in the intranet or launching DDoS attacks abroad. In the first half of the year, about 1.26 million malicious programs were found on smart devices, most of which belonged to Mirai family and Gafgyt family, accounting for more than 96.0%. There are more than 50,000 IP addresses in the server, and the number of IP addresses of suspected infected smart devices in China is about 920,000, which is basically the same as that in the first half of 2019, mainly located in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Liaoning provinces. The accused networked smart devices launched DDoS attacks on more than 1,000 targets every day, which was basically the same as that in the first half of 2019.

Second, security vulnerabilities

The National Information Security Vulnerability Sharing Platform (CNVD) included 11,073 general security vulnerabilities, a substantial increase of 89.0% year-on-year. Among them, the number of high-risk vulnerabilities was 4,280 (accounting for 38.7%), up 108.3% year-on-year, and the number of "zero-day" vulnerabilities was 4,582 (accounting for 41.4%), up 80.7% year-on-year. Security vulnerabilities mainly cover vendors or platforms such as Google, WordPress and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. According to the statistics of the affected objects, the top three are application vulnerabilities (48.5%), Web application vulnerabilities (26.5%) and operating system vulnerabilities (10.0%), as shown in Figure 7. In the first half of 2020, CNVD handled nearly 15,000 incidents involving network security vulnerabilities such as government agencies and important information systems.

Figure 7CNVD includes statistics of security vulnerabilities classified by affected objects.

Third, denial of service attacks

Due to the characteristics of low attack cost and obvious attack effect, DDoS attack is still one of the most common and influential network security threats faced by Internet users. Sampling monitoring found that the number of high-traffic DDoS attacks with daily peak traffic exceeding 10Gbps in China was basically the same as that in 2019, with about 220 incidents.

(A) the active situation of attack resources

After continuous monitoring, analysis and disposal, the stability of available DDoS attack resources is reduced, and the number of available active resources is controlled at a low level. Cumulative monitoring found 2,379 active C&C control servers for launching DDoS attacks, of which 95.5% were located abroad, mainly from the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, etc. There are about 1.22 million active controlled hosts, of which 90.3% are from China, mainly from Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong and Anhui provinces. There are about 8.01 million reflection attack servers, of which 67.4% are from China, mainly from Liaoning, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

(2) The situation of large-volume attacks in China

During the monitoring, it is found that the main attack methods are still TCP SYN Flood, NTP Amplification, SSDP Amplification, DNS Amplification and UDP Flood.The above five attacks accounted for 82.9%. In order to avoid traceability, attackers tend to use these attack methods which are easy to hide the attack source, and flexibly combine the attack traffic according to the protection of the attack target, and the proportion of mixed attack methods is 16.4%. In addition, with the rampant "DDoS as a service" black production mode in recent years, attackers tend to use high-traffic attacks to instantly paralyze the target network. The proportion of attacks with DDoS attack duration less than half an hour is 81.5%, and the targets are mainly located in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Beijing, accounting for 81.1%.

(3) The activity of mainstream attack platforms

Through continuous monitoring and tracking of the activity of DDoS attack platforms, it is found that DDoS attack platforms on web pages and botnet families such as Gafgyt, Mirai, Xor, BillGates and Mayday are still active, and there are many DDoS attacks. As one of the black production modes of "DDoS as a service", the web page DDoS attack platform provides services directly to users, and users can launch attacks on their own as needed, which greatly reduces the difficulty of launching DDoS attacks and leads to further proliferation of DDoS attacks. The monitoring found that the number of DDoS attacks initiated by the web DDoS attack platform was the largest, increasing by 32.2% compared with the first half of 2019. At present, a large number of active Internet of Things devices lacking security protection on the Internet provide a large number of controlled resources for the rampant development of DDoS attack platforms, resulting in a high number of DDoS attacks. New variants of Gafgyt and Mirai malicious programs appear constantly, which keeps the number of botnet control terminals and attack events formed by them at a high level, while Xor malicious program family has obvious characteristics that it provides "DDoS as a service" black-market business, showing that it maintains a high attack frequency with a small number of control terminals.

Fourth, website security

(A) phishing

The monitoring found that there were about 19,000 counterfeit pages for websites in China. CNCERT mainly disposed of 6,226 counterfeit pages such as online business halls in the financial industry and telecommunications industry, with a year-on-year decrease of 48.1%. In the coordinated disposal of counterfeit pages, the IP address of the counterfeit page still ranks first in China and Hongkong, accounting for 74.0%. At the same time, the number of counterfeit pages on the "ETC online authentication" website on the internet has increased by spurt. After entering May, the number of phishing pages related to "ETC online authentication" accounted for as high as 61.2%, and the main IP addresses of such phishing websites are still located abroad. The forms of counterfeiting mainly include different page themes such as "ETC information authentication", "ETC online authentication" and "ETC online authentication center", and fraudsters trick users into submitting personal privacy information such as real name, bank card account number, ID number, bank reserved mobile phone number and withdrawal password.

(2) The back door of the website

About 18,000 IP addresses at home and abroad have implanted backdoors into about 35,900 websites in China, and the number of websites implanted with backdoors in China has increased by 36.9% compared with the first half of 2019. Among them, there are about 18,000 overseas IP addresses (accounting for 99.3% of all IP addresses) that have implanted backdoors into about 35,700 websites in China, with the most IP addresses located in the United States, accounting for 19.0% of the total overseas IP addresses, followed by IP addresses located in the Philippines and China, as shown in Figure 8. In terms of controlling the total number of websites in China, IP addresses located in the Philippines control the largest number of websites in China, about 13,600, followed by IP addresses located in China, Hongkong and the United States, which control 7,300 and 6,020 websites in China respectively. In addition, with the accelerated deployment of IPv6 in China, the scope of websites supporting IPv6 is expanding. In addition, there were 592 backdoor incidents of websites whose attack source and target were IPv6 addresses, involving a total of 35 attack source IPv6 addresses and 72 domain names of attacked IPv6 address resolution websites.

Figure 8 TOP10 of the country or region where the backdoor IP address is implanted into the website in China from overseas.

(C) Web tampering

There are about 74,000 websites that have been tampered with in China, including 318 government websites that have been tampered with. Judging from the distribution of top-level domain names of tampered web pages in China, ".com", ".net" and ".org" still rank in the top three, accounting for 74.1%, 5.1% and 1.7% of the total respectively, as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9 Distribution of tampered websites in China by top-level domain name

V. Cloud platform security

The situation of network security threats on China’s cloud platforms is still grim. First of all, the proportion of all kinds of network security incidents that occurred on the mainstream cloud platforms in China is still high. Among them, the number of DDoS attacks on the cloud platform accounts for 76.1% of the attacks on domestic targets, the number of embedded backdoor links accounts for 90.3% of all embedded backdoor links in China, and the number of tampered pages accounts for 93.2% of the number of tampered pages in China. Secondly, attackers often use China’s cloud platform to launch cyber attacks. Among them, the number of DDoS attacks initiated by the cloud platform as the control terminal accounts for 79.0% of the number of DDoS attacks initiated by domestic control, the number of IP addresses of controlled terminals controlled by malicious programs such as Trojans and botnets accounts for 96.3% of all IP addresses of controlled terminals in China, and the number of malicious programs carried by them accounts for 79.0% of the number of malicious programs carried on the domestic Internet.

Six, industrial control system safety

(A) exposure of industrial control system on the Internet side

Monitoring found that 4,630 industrial devices were exposed to the Internet, involving 47 types of devices, such as programmable logic controllers, intelligent buildings and data acquisition, from 35 domestic and foreign manufacturers. The specific types are shown in Figure 10. Among them, the equipment with high-risk vulnerabilities accounts for about 41%. The monitoring found 480 sets of networked monitoring and management systems exposed in key industries such as electric power, oil and gas, urban rail transit, etc., including 262 sets of electric power, 118 sets of oil and gas, and 100 sets of urban rail transit. The types involved include government supervision platform, remote monitoring, asset management, engineering safety, data detection system, pipe network dispatching system, OA system, cloud platform, etc. The specific platform types are shown in Figure 11. Among them, about 11.1% systems have high-risk vulnerabilities such as information leakage, cross-site request forgery and improper input verification. Once the industrial control system exposed to the Internet is attacked, it will seriously threaten the safety of the production system.

Fig. 10 Type statistics of networked industrial equipment discovered by monitoring.

Figure 11 Statistics on the types of networked monitoring management systems in key industries discovered by monitoring.

(II) Threat monitoring on the Internet side of industrial control system

The network assets of domestic industrial control systems continue to be scanned and sniffed from abroad, with an average of more than 20,000 times a day. Through analysis, the sniffing behavior originated from 90 countries such as the United States, Britain and Germany, and the target involved networked industrial control equipment and systems in key industries such as energy, manufacturing and communication. A large number of network assets information of key information infrastructure and its networked control system are sniffed abroad, which brings hidden dangers to cyberspace security in China. China’s large industrial cloud platforms, such as Genyun, Aerospace Cloud, OneNET, COSMOPlat, Aopu Cloud and Jizhiyun, continue to suffer from network attacks from abroad, with an average number of attacks of 114 times per day, up 27% year-on-year. The types of attacks are shown in Figure 12, involving remote code execution, denial of service, Web vulnerability exploitation, etc. Industrial cloud platforms carry a large number of access devices, business systems, as well as enterprise, personal information and important data.

Figure 12 Type distribution of attack events of industrial cloud platform

(3) Information on safety loopholes of industrial control products

The four vulnerability platforms of CNVD, CVE, NVD and CNNVD newly included 323 vulnerabilities of industrial control system products, of which high, medium and dangerous vulnerabilities accounted for 94.7%. As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the products affected by the vulnerability are widely used in key information infrastructure industries such as manufacturing, energy, water treatment, information technology, chemical industry, transportation, commercial facilities, agriculture, water conservancy projects, government agencies, etc. The product suppliers involved in the vulnerability mainly include ABB, Wanke, Siemens, Advantech, Schneider, Mossa, Mitsubishi, Haiwei, Asia Control and Yonghong.

Figure 13 Industrial distribution of new industrial control product vulnerabilities TOP10 (Note: products affected by vulnerabilities can be applied to multiple industries)

Figure 14 Supplier Distribution of Newly Added Industrial Control Product Vulnerabilities TOP1

Attachment: Analysis Report on China’s Internet Network Security Monitoring Data in the First Half of 2020

Viewpoint Network News:On October 23, Samsung made great progress in the field of foldable technology, and has successfully completed the development of related components of three-fold mobile phones. This innovative device is expected to be officially introduced to the market in 2025, and it is expected to be unveiled simultaneously at the Galaxy Z Fold7 and Galaxy Z Flip7 conferences.

Still photos of the drama "anna karenine" of the Baltic House Theatre Du Yang photo

　　BEIJING, Beijing, November 2 (Reporter Ying Ni) The drama "anna karenine" of the Russian Baltic House Theatre was staged at the National Theatre on the evening of the 1st, which opened the curtain for the 2019 Beijing International Youth Theatre Festival. During the two-month drama festival, 21 works from China, Russian, French, Lithuanian, Belgian and Brazilian will be presented to the audience.

　　The opening drama anna karenine, adapted from lev tolstoy’s novel of the same name, tells the love tragedy of anna karenine, a self-seeking woman, with the background of czarist Russia in the second half of the 19th century. It was directed by Russian people’s artist Aleksandr Galibin, and won the highest theater prize of "Golden Sky Award" in St Petersburg.

Still photos of the drama "anna karenine" of the Baltic House Theatre Du Yang photo

　　Among other foreign plays, Lithuanian’s Under the Ice, Under the Ice mocked the poverty of culture and the absurdity of consumerism with 1000 plastic water bottles and fragmented music and video pictures. Belgium’s "forgotten to dust" is based on the Chernobyl accident, which comforts the lost soul with puppet poetry; Brazil’s "The Fury" uses 1500 books and natural light to interpret the growing and almost crazy turbulent emotions; Back to the beginning in France uses hip-hop dance to interpret Michelangelo’s Genesis as a "flowing mural" in the theater.

　　In domestic plays, Hamlet by Li Yao sets the stage on the ruins and reproduces Shakespeare’s tragedy in the form of experiments. Gao Xiaoqin’s Diary of a Seducer interprets the works of the same name by the existentialist philosopher Kierkegaard in the form of sound and body. Su Xiaogang’s "Mao Se" is adapted from the works of the German poet Heiner Miller, asking the proposition of "who is human"; Gu Min-wen’s Lemming is adapted from the script of Japanese poet shuji terayama to piece together an exciting and enthusiastic strange world. Peng Jiarong’s Where is Mickey? describes the absurd and bizarre family life in modern urban society. The "City" of the company with good symbiosis shows the behavior, thoughts and feelings of the little people living in Guangzhou through dance.

Still photos of the drama "anna karenine" of the Baltic House Theatre Du Yang photo

　　The unit "Through to avignon" includes eight works: A Doll’s House, The World is a Wandering Rabbit, Bonzi Tiger Chicken, An Experience Report on the National Happiness Index, 18th Floor, Group Age, Sleeping Beauty Awakens from a Dream, and We 2s: Labor Exchange Market. In addition, shorthand creative workshops, script reading, 48-hour V drama and other related activities will be held during the drama festival.

Meng Jinghui (second from right), artistic director and director of the Beijing International Youth Drama Festival, won the highest prize in the Baltic House International Drama Festival.

　　Before the live performance on the evening of the 1st, Sergey Schuber, director of the Baltic House Theatre in St. Petersburg, also presented the highest prize of the Baltic House International Drama Festival to director Meng Jinghui. In October, the Meng Jinghui version of Teahouse was officially invited by the Baltic House International Drama Festival to perform as the opening drama in St. Petersburg.

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Guo Fa [2021] No.27

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The "14 th Five-Year Plan" for the development of modern comprehensive transportation system is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

the State Council　　　　

December 9, 2021　　

　　(This article has been deleted)

“Development planning of modern comprehensive transportation system in the 14 th Five-Year Plan

　　Transportation is a basic, leading and strategic industry in the national economy, an important service industry and an important part of the modern economic system, an important support for building a new development pattern and a solid guarantee for serving the people’s better life and promoting common prosperity. In order to speed up the construction of a powerful transportation country and build a modern comprehensive transportation system, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035, the Outline of Building a Powerful Transportation Country and the Outline of National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network Planning.

Chapter I Development Environment

　　During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s comprehensive transportation system has made historic achievements, which can basically meet the requirements of economic and social development, and the people’s sense of gain and satisfaction has been significantly improved, which has provided a basic guarantee for achieving a comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation and achieving the goal of the first century, and played an important role in responding to the COVID-19 epidemic, strengthening transportation security, and promoting the resumption of work and production. In the past five years, China’s transportation infrastructure network has become increasingly perfect. The total mileage of the comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and the "ten vertical and ten horizontal" comprehensive transportation corridors have been basically connected. The mileage of high-speed railways has doubled, and the coverage rate of cities with a population of more than one million has exceeded 95%. The coverage rate of expressways has exceeded 98% for cities with a population of more than 200,000, and the civil transportation airport has covered about 92% of prefecture-level cities. Rail transit in mega-cities has been accelerated, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Daxing in Beijing have been The strategic support capacity has been continuously enhanced, the number of trains in China and Europe has increased rapidly, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrated transportation network and the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation corridor in the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been accelerated, and 100 key channels for traffic poverty alleviation have been basically completed. More than 1.47 million kilometers of rural roads have been built or rebuilt, and more than 33,000 villages have been built with buses. All qualified towns and villages have hardened roads and buses, and express outlets basically cover all towns and villages, and direct postal services have been realized. The quality of transportation services has been continuously improved, the proportion of high-quality travel of passengers has been continuously improved, and the normal flight rate has risen sharply.The container combined transport volume of molten iron has increased by more than 20% annually, and the express delivery business has quadrupled, ranking first in the world. New technologies and new formats are developing vigorously. A full range of Fuxing EMUs with completely independent intellectual property rights have been put into operation, C919 passenger planes have been successfully tested, and ARJ21 has been operated on a large scale in regional aircraft. The complete sets of technologies such as cross-sea bridges and tunnels, deep-water waterways and automated terminals rank among the top in the world, the level of ship construction has been continuously improved, and new formats such as network car, bike-sharing and network freight platform have developed rapidly and their governance capabilities have been continuously enhanced. The "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform continued to deepen, key reform tasks in railway, airspace, oil and gas pipeline network and other fields were solidly promoted, toll stations at provincial boundaries of expressways were completely abolished, and traffic and logistics achieved remarkable results in reducing costs and increasing efficiency. The construction of green traffic and safe traffic has been steadily promoted. New energy vehicles account for more than half of the global total. The carbon dioxide emission intensity of operating trucks and ships has decreased by about 8.4% and 7.1% respectively. The safety level of civil aviation and railways has maintained the world’s leading position, and the number of major accidents and deaths in road transportation has decreased by about 75% and 69% respectively.

　　At the same time, the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development of China’s comprehensive transportation is still outstanding. The comprehensive transportation network layout is not balanced enough, the structure is not reasonable enough, and the connection is not smooth enough. There are obvious shortcomings in intercity and municipal (suburban) railways in key urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas. The proportion of multimodal transport of goods and combined transport of passengers is low, and the supply of customized, personalized and specialized transport services does not match the rapidly growing demand. The application depth and breadth of intelligent transportation technology need to be expanded, and some key core products and technologies are not capable of independent innovation. The transportation safety situation is still grim, and the supply chain support capacity of the industrial chain is insufficient. The task of green and low-carbon development is arduous, and the promotion and application of clean energy still need to be accelerated. The comprehensive transportation management system and mechanism need to be improved, and the institutional obstacles that restrict the free flow of factors still exist.

　　During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the situation faced by China’s comprehensive transportation development is more complicated and changeable. From an international perspective, the world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth. The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted the global industrial chain supply chain and the international logistics system, and economic globalization has encountered a countercurrent. Domestically, China has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and profound changes have taken place in regional economic layout, land development and protection pattern, population structure distribution, consumption demand characteristics, and factor supply mode, which put forward new requirements for the development of comprehensive transportation system. The transportation industry has entered a critical period of perfecting facilities network and accurately filling shortcomings, promoting integration, improving service quality and efficiency, deepening reform and innovation, and transforming development mode. It is necessary to adapt to the requirements of land space development and protection, new urbanization construction and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, optimize the development layout, strengthen convergence and integration, and improve the regional urban and rural comprehensive transportation network according to local conditions; We must adhere to innovation as the core, enhance the development momentum, promote the empowerment of new technologies and improve the quality and efficiency of transportation development; It is necessary to enhance the toughness of the comprehensive transportation system, adjust the development model, run the green development concept and low-carbon development requirements through the whole development process, and improve its own operational safety level and its ability to guarantee national strategic security; We should focus on satisfying people’s yearning for a better life and promoting common prosperity, change the development path, and promote equal emphasis on construction, management and transportation, balanced coordination of facilities and services, and deep integration of transportation and economic and social development.Promote the high-quality development of transportation with all-round transformation.

Chapter II General Requirements

The first section guiding ideology

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its previous plenary sessions, base on the new stage of development, completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, adhere to the people-centered development thought, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, deepen the supply-side structural reform as the main line, take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, and take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose. With the goal of speeding up the construction of a powerful transportation country, we should make overall plans for development and safety, improve the facility network with optimized structure and integrated connection, expand diversified and high-quality service supply, cultivate innovative-driven, integrated and efficient development momentum, strengthen the development mode of green security and open cooperation, and build a modern comprehensive transportation system to provide strategic support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

Section 2 Basic Principles

　　Serve the overall situation and be a good pioneer. Adhere to people’s transportation for the people, give full play to the role of transportation as a pioneer in China’s modernization, continuously enhance its ability to guarantee the overall economic and social development and major national strategies, effectively support and lead regional coordinated development, rural revitalization and new urbanization, and provide transportation services that can better meet the needs of the people.

　　System advancement, convergence and integration. Adhere to the concept of system, reasonably determine the scale, technical standards and construction sequence of transportation infrastructure network, fill the gaps in the road network in the western region, optimize the network structure and function, scientifically and reasonably tap the potential of existing facilities, accurately fill the shortcomings of China Unicom, improve the allocation efficiency of transportation resources, and promote coordinated and integrated development across fields, regions and industries.

　　Driven by innovation, deepen reform. Pay attention to the application of deep empowerment of new technologies, improve the development level of digital and intelligent transportation, break down the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the high-quality development of transportation, promote the unified, open and orderly competition of transportation market, and promote transportation to improve efficiency, expand functions and increase kinetic energy.

　　Green transformation and safe development. Implement the requirements of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, implement the overall national security concept, strengthen the economical and intensive use of resource elements, promote the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation, strengthen the construction of operational safety and emergency response capabilities, improve the level of international interconnection and transportation security, and ensure the safety of the supply chain of the industrial chain.

Section III Development Goals

　　By 2025, integrated transportation will basically achieve integrated development, and substantial breakthroughs will be made in intelligence and greening, and comprehensive capabilities, service quality, operational efficiency and overall benefits will be significantly improved, and transportation development will move towards world-class level.

　　The network of facilities is more perfect. The utilization rate of the main skeleton capacity of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network has been significantly improved. With the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railway as the main skeleton, the regional connecting lines of high-speed railways are connected, supplemented by some intercity railways with trunk functions, and the coverage rate of cities with a speed of 250 kilometers and above is over 95%, and the bottleneck sections of ordinary-speed railways are basically eliminated. The main lines of the national expressway network, consisting of 7 capital radial lines, 11 north-south longitudinal lines and 18 east-west transverse lines, as well as regional ring lines, parallel lines and tie lines, are basically connected, and the quality of ordinary highways is further improved. A modern airport system with perfect layout and complete functions has basically taken shape. The level of specialization and modernization of ports and docks has been significantly improved, and important progress has been made in the construction of inland high-grade waterway networks. The transfer and reloading efficiency of the comprehensive transportation hub has been further improved. The integrated transportation network of key urban agglomerations and the one-hour commuting network of metropolitan areas have been accelerated, and the national highways along the border are basically connected.

　　Transportation services are more efficient. The quality of transportation services has been steadily improved, passenger "one-stop" and freight "one-single-system" services have become more popular, customized, personalized and professional transportation service products have become more abundant, urban traffic congestion and "parking difficulties" have been continuously alleviated, transportation services in rural and border areas have been more guaranteed, and qualified villages have achieved full coverage of express delivery services. The international transportation service network facing the world is more perfect, and the development quality of China-Europe trains has steadily improved.

　　Technology and equipment are more advanced. The fifth-generation mobile communication (5G), Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies are deeply integrated with transportation. Significant progress has been made in the construction of new infrastructure in the transportation field, the digitization rate of transportation infrastructure has been significantly improved, and data sharing and platform integration and optimization have made substantial breakthroughs. The popularization and application of autonomous advanced technology and equipment will be accelerated, and the Beidou system will fully cover key areas of transportation, and the standardization rate of transportation equipment will be greatly improved.

　　Security is more reliable. The traffic facilities are durable and reliable, the operation is safe and controllable, the preventive measures are in place, and the intact rate of safety facilities continues to improve. Cross-departmental and cross-disciplinary safety risk prevention and control systems and emergency rescue systems have been further improved, and the incidence of serious accidents has been further reduced. The transportation safety of main channels and the transportation safety of grain, energy, ore and other materials are more secure, and the security guarantee capability of international logistics supply chain continues to improve.

　　The development model is more sustainable. The green production and lifestyle in the field of transportation has gradually taken shape. The proportion of railway and water transport undertaking bulk cargo and medium-long distance cargo transportation has steadily increased, the proportion of green travel has obviously increased, clean and low-carbon transportation tools have been widely used, the energy consumption per unit turnover has obviously decreased, the proportion of green construction of transportation infrastructure has been significantly improved, the utilization efficiency of resource elements has been continuously improved, and the intensity of carbon emission has steadily decreased.

　　The governance capacity is more complete. Laws, regulations and standards in the fields of integrated development of various modes of transportation, investment and financing of transportation infrastructure, management, operation and maintenance have been improved, the degree of integrated development of comprehensive transportation has been continuously improved, the market-oriented reform has been deepened, the diversified investment and financing system has been improved, and a new supervision mechanism based on credit has been accelerated.

　　Looking forward to 2035, a modern, high-quality national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network that is convenient, smooth, economical, efficient, safe and reliable, green, intensive, intelligent and advanced will be basically completed. The "National 123 Travel Transportation Circle" (1 hour commute in metropolitan area, 2 hours access in urban agglomeration and 3 hours coverage in major cities across the country) and the "Global 123 Express Freight Flow Circle" (1 day delivery in China, 2 days delivery in neighboring countries and 3 days delivery in major cities around the world).

Chapter III Building a High-quality Integrated Three-dimensional Traffic Network

　　According to the main skeleton layout of "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels" of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, we will build and improve an integrated transportation network with "10 vertical and 10 horizontal" comprehensive transportation corridors as the backbone, integrated transportation hubs as the fulcrum, and multi-level networks of express network, trunk network and basic network as the support, accelerate the upgrading and efficiency improvement of existing networks, focus on accurately filling the network shortcomings in the central and western regions, steadily improve the access depth, smooth the network microcirculation, and sketch out the "traffic meticulous painting" of beautiful China.

The first section to improve the comprehensive transportation corridor

　　Optimize the layout of comprehensive transportation corridor. Build a comprehensive, three-dimensional, large-capacity and fast traffic spindle, build a multi-mode, multi-channel and convenient traffic corridor, and strengthen the coordination and connection between the spindle and the corridor. Improve the functions of Beijing-Shanghai, Shanghai-Kunming, Guangzhou-Kunming, Land Bridge, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao, Heihe-Hong Kong-Macao, Ejina-Guangzhou, Qingdao-Lhasa, Xiamen-Kashgar, etc., promote the construction of the section to be connected and the expansion and transformation of the bottleneck section, and smooth the passages in coastal and inland areas. Promote the optimal allocation and organic connection of various modes of transportation resources in the channel.

　　Strengthen the construction of strategic backbone channels. We will promote the construction of the Xinjiang-Tibet passage, expand the capacity of the four inline main passages of Gan Xin, Qingxin, Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet, steadily promote the construction of sichuan-tibet railway, accelerate the preliminary work of the Hetian-Shigatse section of the Xinjiang-Tibet railway, start the construction of key sections in a timely manner, advance the preliminary work of the Yunnan-Tibet railway in an orderly manner, closely optimize the air route network layout, and build a multi-directional communication passage layout. Smooth the channel along the river, speed up the construction of high-speed railway along the river, and optimize the function of comprehensive transportation channel along the river with high-grade waterway, trunk railway and expressway as the backbone. Upgrade the coastal channel, improve the railway channel capacity, promote the expansion and transformation of busy sections of expressways, improve the overall efficiency of port channels, and build a large-capacity and high-quality transportation corridor. Run through the border passages, upgrade and transform ordinary national and provincial trunk lines, promote the construction of railways along the border in key directions, and improve the level of safety and security. We will build a new land and sea passage in the west, give play to the backbone role of railways in land transportation and the gateway role of ports in maritime transportation, strengthen the three passages in the east, middle and west, form a large-capacity main passage, and connect international transportation passages.

Section 2 Construction of Multi-level Integrated Comprehensive Transportation Hub

　　Build a comprehensive transportation hub cluster. We will build international comprehensive transportation hub clusters such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Chengdu-Chongqing regions, and enhance the global interconnection level and radiation level. Cultivate a number of comprehensive transportation hub clusters that radiate areas and connect the whole country, rationally organize the cluster service network, and improve the coordination efficiency of hub cities within the cluster.

　　Optimize the functions of comprehensive transportation hub cities. Improve the global connectivity level and resource allocation capacity of international comprehensive transportation hubs, and enhance the international portal function of some hubs. Optimize the passenger and cargo transfer facilities, collection and distribution network and quick connection system between passenger stations in the national comprehensive transportation hub. Strengthen the connection and transshipment capacity of regional comprehensive transportation hubs and develop port hubs. Strengthen the functional complementarity, facility connectivity and operational coordination among comprehensive transportation hub cities at different levels.

　　Improve the comprehensive passenger transport hub system. Optimize the layout of passenger stations and urban public transportation hubs, encourage the layout of the same station, and strengthen the effective connection with the urban transportation system. For the comprehensive passenger transport hub with great potential demand for transfer, land and space for connecting passages should be reserved. Promote the layout of three-dimensional transfer facilities for new comprehensive passenger transport hubs, encourage transfer on the same platform, implement the convenient transformation of existing hub transfer facilities, and promote convenient transfer between major modes of transportation. Integrate the information resources of different modes of transportation connected to the comprehensive passenger transport hub, and strengthen the docking of data, time and capacity. Promote the integration of comprehensive passenger hub stations and cities, explore the establishment of a benefit-sharing mechanism for hub development, promote unified planning and comprehensive development of hub and surrounding areas, and strengthen the coordination of development timing and the sharing of service functions.

　　Build a comprehensive freight hub system. Give priority to the use of existing logistics parks and freight stations and other facilities, plan and build a comprehensive freight hub with efficient integration of various modes of transportation, and guide the centralized layout of functional facilities such as cold chain logistics, postal express delivery and distribution. Improve the railway and highway network of freight hub, speed up the construction of multimodal transport facilities, and promote the capacity expansion and transformation of port transshipment facilities. Implement the capacity improvement project of postal express hub, strengthen the construction of universal postal service and express processing center, and strengthen overall planning with railways, highways, civil aviation and other hubs. Promote the construction of logistics hubs in about 120 countries.

Section III Optimization of Integrated Three-dimensional Traffic Network

　　We will build a fast network with high-speed railways, national highways and civil aviation as the main body, improve the trunk network with general-speed railways, provincial highways and port waterways as the main body, and improve the support capacity of the basic network.

　　Build a modern railway network. Adhere to paying equal attention to passenger and cargo, building and rebuilding simultaneously, and coordinating the development of high-speed and general-speed railways, speed up the construction of general-speed railways and the expansion and transformation of existing railways, focus on eliminating trunk bottlenecks, promote the capacity reinforcement of existing railways with tight transportation capacity, and accelerate the improvement of railway network coverage in the central and western regions. Strengthen the construction of development railways and feeder railways in resource-rich areas and relatively densely populated poverty-stricken areas. Promote the construction of the main channel of high-speed railway, improve the transportation capacity of important channels along the Yangtze River, along the coast, in Hunan, in Beijing and Kunming, and the auxiliary channel of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, and build regional connecting lines in an orderly manner. Comprehensively use new technical means, reform and innovate the management mode, and improve the overall operating efficiency of the railway network. Overall consideration of transportation demand and benefits, rational planning and construction of railway projects, strict control of high-speed railway parallel line construction.

　　Improve the structure and function of highway network. Improve the quality of the national expressway network, implement the expansion and transformation of busy and congested sections of national expressways such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao, Beijing-Kunming, Changshen, Shanghai-Kunming, Lianhuo, Baomao, Fuyin, Quannan and Guangkun, and accelerate the construction of parallel lines, tie lines and sections to be connected. Reasonably guide the orderly development of local expressways. Accelerate the upgrading of low-grade sections of ordinary national highways, increase the proportion of second-class and above ordinary national highways in the western region to 70%, achieve effective coverage of important ports, hubs, industrial parks and tourist attractions, and strengthen the allocation of safety facilities. We will improve the high-quality development system of "Four Good Rural Roads", carry out in-depth demonstration and creation, realize that the proportion of villages and towns with Grade III and above roads will reach about 85%, promote natural villages (groups) with large population to access hardened roads, promote the construction of two-lane roads in established villages and widen and transform rural narrow roads according to local conditions, and strengthen the connection between rural roads and trunk roads and main roads in villages. Promote the construction of convenience facilities such as crossing bridges.

　　Optimize the smooth network of water transport facilities. Build a world-class port group in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, support Shandong to build a world-class marine port, promote the integrated development of coastal ports in Northeast China, optimize the functional layout of ports, and promote resource integration and sharing. We will promote the construction of public facilities such as specialized docks and inbound and outbound waterways in coastal ports in an orderly manner. Appropriately advance the construction of loading, unloading, storage and transit facilities for grain, energy and mineral resources, and promote the planning and construction of coastal LNG terminals along the river. Improve the level of specialization and scale of inland ports, and rationally concentrate the layout of specialized terminals such as containers, coal, iron ore and commercial vehicles. Strengthen the expansion and upgrading of inland high-grade waterway and smooth construction, improve the inland high-grade waterway network of the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Huaihe River, further enhance the sea-going capacity of the high-grade waterway network in the Pearl River Delta, and comprehensively strengthen the construction of substandard sections of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River-Xijiang high-grade waterway networks. Promote the construction of important tributary waterways, reservoir and lake waterways, inland river tourist waterways and convenience docks.

　　Expand the coverage of aviation network. Promote the coordinated development of regional airport groups and build world-class airport groups such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Chengdu-Chongqing. Timely start the reconstruction and expansion project of hub airport with tight capacity and strengthen the comprehensive support capacity of hub airport. Rationally encrypt the airport layout, steadily build regional airports and specialized freight hub airports, and improve the freight capacity and utilization rate of comprehensive airports. We will promote the planning and construction of general airports in an orderly manner, build a regional short-distance transportation network, and explore the integrated development of general aviation, low-altitude tourism, emergency rescue, medical rescue and police aviation. Optimize the route network, strengthen the construction of military and civilian air traffic control infrastructure, and popularize and apply new air traffic control technologies.

　　Strengthen efficient interconnection of oil and gas pipelines. Improve the four major oil and gas import channels in the northeast, northwest, southwest and offshore. Accelerate the construction of national trunk natural gas pipelines, improve the layout of crude oil and refined oil pipeline networks, and promote the management of hidden dangers of old pipelines in northeast, northwest and southwest regions. Promote the interconnection of oil and gas pipelines and the construction of branch pipelines, expand the coverage of natural gas pipelines in cities and counties and radiate to towns and villages along the line where conditions permit.

The fourth quarter to strengthen the integration of convergence

　　Accelerate the resolution of bottlenecks that restrict people’s beautiful travel and efficient circulation of goods, and strengthen the organic connection of comprehensive transportation networks. Open up the inter-provincial highway sections to be connected, strengthen the effective connection between trunk roads and urban roads, and promote the upgrading of the transit sections of trunk roads and the bottleneck sections entering and leaving the city in densely populated areas. Strengthen the efficient connection between hub airport and rail transit to make the transfer more convenient. Strengthen the construction of collection and distribution facilities such as entering the port area, the park area, the factory area and the large-scale agricultural product base, and accelerate the railway to enter the key port areas of the port and large industrial and mining enterprises, logistics parks and key material reserves. Considering the efficient utilization of resources, the protection of ecological environment and the safety of flood control and navigation as a whole, we will build a river-crossing and sea-crossing channel in an orderly manner where all modes of transportation share channel resources. Promote the interconnection of large-scale comprehensive passenger transport hubs in megacities through rail transit. Accelerate the interconnection of integrated freight hubs with close ties through tie lines or dedicated channels.

Section 5 Strengthening Infrastructure Maintenance

　　Promote the implementation of life cycle maintenance, strengthen normalized preventive maintenance, scientifically implement maintenance operations, strengthen quality inspection and evaluation of maintenance projects, strengthen supervision and evaluation of maintenance management, and improve the service life of infrastructure. Strengthen the maintenance and management of public facilities such as bridges and tunnels, navigation structure, port anchorage and runway apron. Increase the promotion of new maintenance technologies, build a scientific observation network for the long-term performance of transportation infrastructure, encourage automated and information-based inspections, improve the scientific decision-making level of management and maintenance, and promote the mechanization and standardization of maintenance. Strengthen the integrated management of railway comprehensive maintenance. Develop and standardize the highway maintenance market, and gradually increase the purchase of maintenance services from the society. Deepen the reform of rural highway management and maintenance system and fully implement the rural highway length system. Improve the responsibility system and working mechanism of bridge maintenance management. Improve the channel normalization maintenance mechanism and promote the construction of channel maintenance base and supporting facilities and equipment.

The fourth chapter tamps the basic support of coordinated development between urban and rural areas.

　　Give full play to the supporting and leading role of transportation in the development and protection of land space, and enhance the service guarantee ability for implementing major regional strategies, promoting coordinated regional development, and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.

Section 1 Major Strategies for Serving the Region Effectively

　　Build a multi-node, grid-like and full-coverage Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrated comprehensive transportation network, basically build Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the track, build xiong’an new area’s external transportation network with high standards and high quality, strengthen the interconnection between Beijing’s sub-center and the central city, Langfang North three counties’ transportation infrastructure, and strengthen the transportation security of Beijing Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics. Relying on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, the overall design will promote the construction of the comprehensive transportation system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, strengthen the freight capacity of high-speed rail and railway along the Yangtze River, make every effort to open up the inter-provincial road sections to be connected, and improve the development level of river-sea combined transport and iron-water combined transport. Promote the interconnection of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s infrastructure, optimize the allocation of shipping and aviation resources, strengthen the transportation links between Hong Kong and Macao and the mainland, and support Hong Kong in upgrading its status as an international shipping and aviation hub. Promote the higher quality integrated development of transportation in the Yangtze River Delta region, speed up the efficient connection and organic integration of external transportation, intercity transportation and metropolitan transportation, jointly promote the integrated development of port, shipping and maritime affairs, promote Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces to jointly build a global shipping hub, accelerate the upgrading of the function of Jiangsu tongzhou bay River-Sea Linkage Demonstration Zone, and create a new seaport for container transportation in the Yangtze River. We will build a modern comprehensive transportation system that is smooth in Hainan Island, connected by land and island, and accessible globally, build a modern comprehensive transportation hub, and steadily promote the construction of a free trade port. Build a green, safe and convenient comprehensive transportation network in the Yellow River basin and strengthen the construction of cross-regional large passages.

Section 2 Supporting and Leading Regional Coordinated Development

　　Fill the shortcomings of the transportation infrastructure network in the western region, improve the coverage of trunk railways, the smoothness of trunk roads and the equalization of rural roads, build a one-hour transportation network in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing, and smoothly flow out of Sichuan and comprehensive transportation corridor in many directions. Improve the overall efficiency of the transportation infrastructure network in Northeast China, further smooth the external channels, and promote the integration of coastal inland and border areas. We will promote the construction of inland open corridors in the central region, enhance the function of connecting the east with the west and connecting the south with the north, and further consolidate and enhance the status of an integrated transportation hub. Build a modern comprehensive transportation system in the eastern region, speed up the construction of regional integrated transportation network, improve the capacity of key transportation channels and the radiation level of comprehensive transportation hubs, and realize the optimization and upgrading of transportation. Improve the external access capacity of underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas and border areas, expand the depth of network access, fill the shortcomings of infrastructure in ecologically degraded areas, and strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure to ensure the transformation and development of resource-based areas and the industrial transformation and upgrading of old industrial bases.

Section III Tamping the Rural Area and Revitalizing the Traffic Foundation

　　Coordinate the needs of new urbanization and rural revitalization and development, and gradually improve the level of urban and rural transportation integration. Consolidate and expand the achievements of hardening roads in qualified towns and villages, promote more traffic construction projects to enter villages and households, and encourage the integrated development of rural roads with industrial parks, tourist attractions and key rural tourism villages. Promote the development of rural passenger and postal integration, continue to promote the construction of township transportation service stations, integrate transportation, postal services, express delivery, supply and marketing, e-commerce and other resources, and build a new mode of rural transportation development with intensive functions, convenience and efficiency. Consolidate the achievements of establishing village bus service, improve the operational safety and service level of rural passenger transport, strengthen the safety supervision of rural passenger transport, and promote the construction of a long-term and stable development mechanism for rural passenger transport. Promote the integration of rural logistics into the modern circulation system, speed up the penetration of county rural e-commerce system and express logistics distribution system, build a convenient and efficient two-way channel for industrial products to go to the countryside and agricultural products to leave the village, and build a rural logistics service brand.

Section IV Strengthening the Construction of Border Traffic Facilities

　　Serve the construction of the urban system along the border, focus on roads and airports, vigorously improve the transportation conditions in the border areas, and enhance the population gathering capacity of the border towns. Make overall plans to promote the construction of national and provincial trunk highways and rural highways in border areas, comprehensively improve the main skeleton of national trunk highways, promote the construction of parallel roads along the border and upgrade the low-grade highways, speed up the construction of roads that reach the border, and form a road network along the border with clear hierarchy and reasonable structure as soon as possible. We will steadily promote the construction of airports in border areas, build a multi-level aviation network, and expand the coverage of air transport services. Strengthen the capacity of railway passages behind Tongjiang, Erenhot, Alashankou, Horgos, Ruili, Mohan and other ports. Strengthen the construction of postal facilities in the border villages to achieve universal coverage of postal services.

Chapter V Promoting Traffic Modernization of Urban Agglomeration and Metropolitan Area

　　We will further promote the new urbanization with people as the core, improve the transportation network by layers and classifications, strengthen interconnection and integration, promote the coordinated operation of transportation in urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas and cities, promote the modernization of transportation in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, and improve the quality of urbanization development.

Section 1 Construction of Integrated Transportation Network of Urban Agglomeration

　　Strengthen the construction of intercity transportation in key urban agglomerations. Around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and other urban agglomerations, with rail transit and expressways as the backbone, the function of intercity transportation channels will be enhanced, the rapid direct connection of core cities will be strengthened, and a multi-node and networked intercity transportation network will be built to achieve two-hour access between major cities in the urban agglomeration. We will promote the construction of intercity railways and municipal (suburban) railways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a whole, promote the construction of intercity railways and municipal (suburban) railways in Chengdu-Chongqing area in an orderly manner, strengthen the integration with high-speed railways and general-speed railways, and expand the effective coverage of towns with a population of more than 50,000.

　　Promote the construction of intercity transportation in other urban agglomerations in an orderly manner. Improve the function of main intercity corridors in Shandong Peninsula, coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang, Central Plains, Guanzhong Plain, Beibu Gulf and other urban agglomerations, and promote the construction of main intercity corridors in urban agglomerations such as Harbin-Changchun, central and southern Liaoning, central Shanxi, central Guizhou, central Yunnan, Hubao Eyu, Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yellow River and northern slope of Tianshan Mountain. We will build a multi-level rapid transportation network that effectively connects large, medium and small cities and small towns, and actively promote the use of existing railway surplus capacity to run intercity trains.

Section 2: Building Commuting Traffic Network in Metropolitan Area

　　Create a metropolitan area on the track. Build a multi-level rail transit network in the metropolitan area, promote the integration of trunk railways, intercity railways, regional (suburban) railways and urban rail transit, and rationally promote the cross-line operation of rail transit. Actively use trunk railways and intercity railways to provide commuter services, make full use of the surplus capacity of existing railways to operate regional (suburban) trains, increase the number of train stops and the frequency of stops at important passenger distribution centers, encourage bus operation during peak hours, and improve the quality of commuter services. Explore the extension of rail transit in the central city of key metropolitan areas to surrounding cities (towns) in a reasonable format.

　　Improve the multi-level road traffic network. Reasonably encrypt the expressway passage, and plan and construct the metropolitan ring road and the city ring road according to local conditions. Scientific layout and construction of refueling stations, bus stations and parking facilities. Actively promote the extension of urban bus lines to surrounding towns and functional nodes, encourage adjacent cities (towns) in metropolitan areas to operate buses, and carry out the transformation of passenger lines into buses.

Section 3 Building a Modern Urban Transportation System

　　Improve urban transportation infrastructure. Scientifically plan and build an urban comprehensive transportation system, speed up the development of fast trunk traffic, daily distributed traffic and green slow traffic, and achieve smooth connection. Strengthen the construction of micro-circulation and branch network in big cities, optimize the proportion of fast, trunk, secondary trunk and branch roads, speed up the construction and transformation of urban branch streets and abnormal intersections, optimize the supply of parking facilities by classification and zoning, improve the utilization efficiency and refined service level of parking resources, and strengthen resource sharing and wrong opening. Reasonably increase the density of road network in small and medium-sized cities, make full use of parking resources, moderately increase parking facilities, and standardize parking order. Fill in the shortcomings of urban roads and highway passenger station facilities in counties, county-level cities and mega-towns, steadily promote the construction of public parking facilities in old communities, hospitals, schools, commercial gathering areas and other areas, and moderately increase flexible and convenient road shuttle bus stations. Build a safe, continuous and comfortable urban slow traffic system, improve the continuity and smoothness of non-motor vehicle lanes and trails, increase non-motor vehicle parking facilities in commercial office areas, public transport stations, tourist attractions and other places, and improve the conditions of pedestrian crossing facilities.

　　Create a multi-mode convenient public transportation system. In-depth implementation of public transport priority development strategy, continue to deepen the construction of national transit metropolis. Super-large cities should build a rapid transit network with rail transit as the backbone, develop urban rail transit scientifically and orderly, and promote the integrated development of rail transit, regular bus and slow traffic network. Large cities will form an urban public transport system with ground bus as the main body, and develop bus rapid transit in important passenger corridors. Small and medium-sized cities improve the operational efficiency of urban public transport, and gradually improve the site coverage and service level. Promote the linkage control of urban road traffic lights to ensure the priority of public transport; Promote the release of real-time operation information of public transportation on electronic bus stop signs and Internet information platforms, optimize transfer guidance signs, popularize services such as traffic card and mobile payment, and improve the attractiveness of public transportation.

Chapter VI Expanding the Supply of Quality Transportation Services

　　Comply with people’s new expectations for a better life, make overall consideration of the different development trends and stage characteristics of passenger transport and cargo transport, give consideration to basic needs and diversified needs, promote diversified and quality development of transport services, expand the supply of economical, efficient and safe transport service products, and gradually realize that people enjoy their travel and things flow smoothly.

Section 1 Improving the Service Quality of Passenger Travel

　　Accelerate the development of passenger joint transportation. We will steadily promote the information sharing and opening-up of the transportation ticketing system, improve the level of online ticketing for road passenger transport, and popularize e-tickets. By 2025, the e-ticket coverage rate of secondary and above road passenger stations will reach 99%, and the e-ticket coverage rate of inter-provincial and inter-city passenger lines will reach 80%, and efforts will be made to realize one-stop ticket purchase and one-ticket (certificate) access. Optimize the cross-mode security inspection process and promote mutual recognition of security inspection. Strengthen the coordinated connection of operation information, shift time and capacity arrangement between trunk transportation modes and between urban transportation and trunk transportation modes, and do a good job in the "bottom-to-bottom" service of the first and last buses. Promote the construction of urban terminal buildings and carry out direct luggage hanging service. Cultivate passengers’ joint transportation business entities, innovate integrated intermodal products, and enrich comprehensive transportation information service products.

　　Develop high-quality passenger transport services. Optimize the transportation organization of high-speed railway, expand the operation range of Fuxing EMU, gradually realize the high-speed operation of high-speed railway, improve the service quality of ordinary-speed railway, and encourage the operation of trains that arrive at night. Strengthen supervision, encourage and standardize the development of customized services for road passenger transport. Promote the effective connection between the trunk and branch of the air service network, optimize the allocation of flight time resources, continuously improve the normal flight rate and increase the categories of air transport services. Actively cultivate the cruise market, expand tourism products, promote the upgrade of cruise service, promote the development of yacht, cruise ship and RV tourism, optimize and improve self-driving travel service facilities, develop tourism distribution business relying on bus terminals, and cultivate a new mode of transportation consumption.

　　Improve the average level of passenger service. Continue to open the public welfare "slow train", optimize the operation plan, and improve the station conditions. Promote the transformation of rural passenger transport in conditional areas to ensure the travel of the masses. Develop basic aviation services in remote areas, improve ferry traffic conditions, and facilitate the daily travel of people in remote areas. Improve the service level of barrier-free facilities in passenger stations, promote the application of low-floor buses and barrier-free taxis, standardize the use of scooters for the elderly and disabled, and strengthen the service guarantee for difficult groups and special groups.

Section 2 Building an Efficient Freight Service System

　　Building an efficient freight service network. We will improve the logistics network of bulk goods and containers that is compatible with the industrial layout and consumption pattern, build a logistics backbone channel with large capacity, low cost and high efficiency, and ensure the seasonal transportation of important agricultural materials such as fertilizers. We will develop railway double-deck container transportation in an orderly manner, explore customized railway direct freight trains, and make full use of surplus transportation capacity and facilities to develop railway express freight products such as high-speed rail express. Promote the high-quality development of road freight and improve the level of scale and intensification. Strengthen the construction of air cargo capacity, cultivate and expand the professional cargo fleet, optimize the route and time allocation, and improve the efficiency of airport logistics organization and service quality. Improve the urban three-level logistics distribution network supported by logistics parks, distribution centers and terminal distribution stations, and strengthen the effective connection with trunk transportation and regional distribution. Improve the three-level logistics service system in counties and villages, and enhance the integrated service capacity of production, supply and marketing. Improve the customs clearance capacity and facilitation level of ports.

　　Vigorously develop multimodal transport of goods. Promote the construction of bulk cargo and container hot metal combined transport system and expand the scale of hot metal combined transport. Focus on the Yangtze River trunk line and Xijiang shipping trunk line, and improve the organization level of river-sea combined transport. Accelerate the "one single system" of multimodal transport, innovate the standards and norms for mutual recognition of waybills, promote the exchange of information on international freight documents, explore international railway electronic bills of lading, and gradually popularize electronic waybills for container multimodal transport. Accelerate the sharing of multimodal transport information and strengthen the convergence of standards and rules for different modes of transport. In-depth promotion of trailer transport, innovative truck rental, trailer sharing, customized services and other modes. Promote the sharing of containers, standardized pallets and turnover boxes (baskets) among different modes of transportation, improve the efficiency of multimodal transport and develop unitized logistics. Encourage railway, port and shipping, road transport and other enterprises to become multimodal transport operators.

　　Develop specialized logistics services. Strengthen the function of national backbone cold chain logistics base, improve the cold chain logistics service facilities of comprehensive freight hub, strengthen the connection of cold chain facilities of different modes of transportation, fill the shortcomings of centralized equipment and storage facilities, promote the innovation of railway container cold chain service mode, strengthen the quality supervision of classification and classification, and improve the quality of cold chain logistics service. Promote the integration of bulk cargo storage and transportation, and promote customized services for large customers. Unify the classification standards of dangerous characteristics of goods, strengthen the standardization construction of goods packaging, transportation operations and means of transportation, and promote the application of intelligent storage and transportation monitoring, risk monitoring and early warning systems. Optimize the logistics organization of supply chain in key manufacturing industries, and improve the service support ability of transportation for intelligent manufacturing and flexible manufacturing.

　　Continue to promote the reduction of logistics costs. Reduce the cost of logistics system, optimize the procedures for handling licenses and permits, and improve the market-oriented flexible adjustment mechanism of railway freight prices. Reduce the cost of logistics elements and ensure the demand for land for major logistics infrastructure construction. Implement logistics tax reduction and fee reduction measures, standardize and reduce logistics charges such as port shipping, road and railway transportation, and comprehensively clean up and standardize enterprise-related charges.

Section III Development of Modern Postal Express Service

　　Improve the quality and efficiency of delivery services. Innovate the universal postal service and realize the tracking and inquiry of the whole mail. Carry out the brand building action of express service quality, and develop differentiated products such as air express and high-speed rail express. Promote express delivery into the village, strengthen the sharing of delivery logistics resources in counties and villages, promote common sorting, common transportation and common delivery, and basically realize direct mail delivery in established villages. Promote express delivery into the factory, deeply embed into the value chain of the industrial chain, and develop business such as inbound logistics and line logistics. Promote express delivery to the sea, speed up the construction of postal international delivery centers, build postal processing centers and international mail exchange offices (exchange stations) in Nanchang, Changsha, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Nanning, Nanjing, Dalian and Yiwu, build an international express transportation network, and promote the convenience of international delivery services.

　　Improve the delivery terminal service. We will build a diversified and intelligent terminal service network, and promote the layout construction and resource sharing of urban and rural express service stations, intelligent receiving terminals and terminal service platforms. Promote the construction of postal express service places and facilities in urban residential communities. Build a comprehensive service station for delivery logistics that integrates postal services, express delivery, e-commerce, commerce and other functions. Promote the transportation and delivery of unmanned vehicles and drones, and steadily develop contactless delivery services. Support the development of new formats and new models such as instant delivery and warehouse delivery integration.

Chapter VII Accelerating the Deep Popularization and Application of Intelligent Technology

　　Adhere to innovation-driven development, promote the deep integration of new technologies such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain with the transportation industry, promote the application of advanced technology and equipment, build an intelligent transportation system with ubiquitous interconnection, flexible coordination and global competitiveness, strengthen scientific and technological self-reliance, consolidate the foundation of innovation and development, and enhance the new kinetic energy of comprehensive transportation development.

Section 1 Promoting Intelligent Upgrading of Infrastructure

　　Improve the digital perception system of facilities. Promote the digital transformation and upgrading of existing facilities, and strengthen the synchronous planning and construction of new facilities and perception networks. Establish a facility operation state awareness system, strengthen the digital sensing monitoring coverage of important passages and hubs, and enhance the all-weather and full-cycle operation state monitoring and active early warning capabilities of key sections and important nodes.

　　Construct the information interactive network of facilities and equipment. Steadily promote the coverage of network communication facilities such as 5G, and improve the coverage, real-time and reliability of information transmission in the transportation field. Carry out 5G-based application scenarios and industrial ecological pilot demonstrations in the field of intelligent transportation. Promote the deployment and application of vehicle networking, and support the construction of an intelligent management system integrating "vehicle-road-traffic management". Create a new generation of rail transit mobile communication and aviation communication systems, study and promote the compatibility of multi-level rail transit signal systems, and simultaneously optimize the access conditions of mobile Internet such as trains and aircraft. Improve the information level of postal confidential communication.

　　Integrate and optimize the comprehensive transportation information platform. Improve the supervision service function of comprehensive transportation information platform, and promote the construction of autonomous driving supervision platform in qualified areas. Building a global shipping service network based on blockchain technology. Optimize and integrate the civil aviation data information platform. Improve the capacity integration capability of logistics information platform, strengthen smart cloud supply chain management and smart logistics big data application, and accurately match the supply demand. We will build an intelligent management platform for urban traffic in an orderly manner and strengthen the refined management of urban traffic.

Section 2 Promoting the Application of Advanced Transportation Equipment

　　Promote the popularization and application of Beidou system. Improve the transportation Beidou system infrastructure, improve the Beidou ground-based enhanced network, and improve the Beidou short message service level. We will steadily promote the application of Beidou system in the fields of railways, highways, waterways, general aviation, urban public transportation, global maritime shipping, international road transportation, etc., promote the layout and construction of a train operation control system integrating Beidou technology, and carry out a demonstration of Beidou industrialization application in civil aviation.

　　Promote advanced and applicable transportation equipment. Develop and apply CR450 high-speed Chinese standard EMU and pedigreed China standard subway train, and popularize railway heavy-haul transportation technology and equipment. Improve the research and development capabilities of large LNG carriers, polar ships and large cruise ships, and promote the research and development of new equipment such as underwater robots, deep diving equipment, semi-submersible salvage cranes in the deep sea, and large-scale multifunctional rescue boats in the deep sea. Promote green smart ships, promote the application of single smart ship technology such as autonomous navigation of ships, and promote the overall technical application of shore-based collaborative systems, security systems and remote control systems for intelligent navigation of ships. Strengthen the capacity building of airworthiness certification, promote the demonstration operation of C919 passenger aircraft and the serial development of ARJ21 in regional aircraft, and promote the application of Xinzhou 700 regional aircraft, AG600 amphibious aircraft, heavy helicopters, plateau heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. Promote the development of intelligent warehousing and distribution facilities and equipment.

　　Improve the level of equipment standardization. Popularize the application of lightweight trailers, carry out special treatment of atmospheric liquid dangerous goods tankers, and steadily carry out the treatment of ultra-long flat semi-trailers and ultra-long container semi-trailers. Promote the standardization of inland river ship types, promote river-sea direct ship types, Three Gorges ship types, energy-saving and environmental protection ship types, and develop standard ship types for Yangtze River cruise ships. Promote the research and development of on-board rapid security inspection equipment. Consolidate and enhance the competitiveness of the whole industrial chain in the fields of high-speed rail and ships, and create China standards and China brands in the fields of rail transit, aerospace and other technical equipment.

Section III Innovating Operation Management Mode

　　Guided by meeting personalized and high-quality travel needs, we will promote the digitalization of the whole service process, support market players to integrate resources, provide "one-stop" travel services, and create a smoothly connected service chain. We will steadily develop travel services such as autonomous driving and vehicle-road coordination, encourage autonomous driving to test and apply in limited areas such as ports and logistics parks, and promote the development of intelligent public transport, intelligent parking and intelligent security inspection. Guide and standardize the healthy development of online car-sharing, bike-sharing, car time-sharing and online freight platforms to prevent disorderly expansion. Accelerate the development of "internet plus" efficient logistics new mode and new format. Strengthen high-definition observation of deep-sea targets and high-precision space-time services at sea. Improve the transportation government service and supervision ability, improve the digital and information supervision means, strengthen off-site supervision, credit supervision and joint supervision, and realize the nationwide networked operation of the supervision system.

Section IV Consolidate the Foundation of Innovation and Development

　　Promote transportation science and technology to stand on its own two feet. Strengthen the research and development of key core technologies in the field of transportation, accelerate the research and development of key components such as bearings, wire-controlled chassis, basic technology platform and software and hardware systems, and promote the realization of independent control and industrialization. Strengthen forward-looking and strategic technical research reserves in the field of transportation, strengthen technical research and development in the fields of intelligent networked vehicles, automatic driving, vehicle-road coordination, autonomous navigation of ships, and ship-shore coordination, and carry out research and demonstration of high-speed magnetic levitation technology. Strengthen the research and development of construction technologies such as lines, long-span bridges and super-long tunnels under complex environmental conditions and research and development of high-performance engineering materials. Strengthen the research and development of key technologies for high-lift and large-tonnage ship lifts.

　　Cultivate the ecological circle of traffic science and technology innovation. Promote the deep integration of politics and Industry-University-Research in the field of transportation. Encourage superior enterprises to integrate the resources of the transportation science and technology industry chain, cultivate the transportation science and technology industry ecosystem through open data, open platforms and open scenarios, and build a transportation science and technology industry incubator base. Strengthen the construction of key scientific research platforms in the industry, promote the construction of key laboratories and technological innovation centers, and cultivate national-level scientific and technological innovation bases.

　　Strengthen open sharing of data. Strengthen the classification management of transportation data. Further improve the open sharing mechanism and exchange channels of transportation data resources, formulate the open system norms of data resources, and promote the compliance, opening and sharing of mature data resources. Strengthen the safety control of transportation data, improve the safety protection system of data classification, formulate safety standards for intelligent transportation data application, standardize data source collection, processing and use, and strengthen the protection of important data and personal information.

Chapter VIII Promoting Green and Low-carbon Transformation in an All-round Way

　　Adhere to the Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets concept, adhere to the ecological priority, comprehensively promote the green and low-carbon transformation in the whole life cycle of transportation planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and jointly promote pollution reduction and carbon reduction to form a long-term mechanism for green and low-carbon development, so as to make transportation more environmentally friendly and travel more low-carbon.

Section 1 Optimizing and Adjusting the Transportation Structure

　　We will further promote the adjustment of transportation structure and gradually build a medium-and long-distance freight system based on railways and ships. Accelerate the construction of special railway lines, and promote the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods "revolving iron" and "revolving water". Optimize the "door-to-door" logistics service network, encourage the development of intensive distribution modes such as joint distribution, unified distribution, centralized distribution and time-sharing distribution of urban and rural logistics, increase the proportion of green transportation of industrial and mining enterprises, and expand the supply of urban production and living materials by rail.

Section II Promotion of Low Carbon Facilities and Equipment

　　Plan to build a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced charging and replacing network, focus on promoting the construction of charging facilities and equipment in transportation hub stations, parking facilities, highway service areas and other areas, and encourage the rational layout of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage facilities along transportation hub stations, highways and railways. Promote the low-carbon and diversified development of transportation energy, actively promote new energy and clean energy transport vehicles, steadily promote the electrification of railways, promote inland river ships to use clean energy more, and further reduce the energy consumption of vehicles. We will continue to promote the construction of shore power facilities at ports and docks and alternative facilities for airport aircraft auxiliary power units, promote the transformation of ship power receiving facilities, and continuously improve the utilization rate of shore power.

Section III Strengthening Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Areas

　　Implement the system of ship air pollutant emission control zone. Promote the effective connection between the port receiving facilities of ship pollutants and urban public transshipment and disposal facilities, and improve the supervision system of electronic bills. Improve the long-term mechanism of pollution prevention and control of ships and ports in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Carry out comprehensive treatment of sewage and dust in the port area, promote the recycling of production and domestic sewage and rainwater sewage, and improve the wind and dust suppression facilities in the dry bulk terminal yard. Carry out traffic noise pollution control, properly handle the noise impact of large airports, and actively eliminate existing noise pollution.

The fourth quarter comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization

　　Promote the coordinated development of transportation and other infrastructure, and create a composite infrastructure corridor. Make overall and intensive use of comprehensive transportation corridor’s line location, bridge location, land, coastline and other resources to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of land space. Promote scientific route selection and site selection, popularize land-saving technology, strengthen soil erosion protection and ecological protection design, give priority to avoiding land space with important ecological functions or sensitive and fragile ecological environment, and try to avoid areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated. Promote the reduction, standardization and recycling of express packaging. Promote the resource utilization of waste facilities and materials.

Section 5 Improve carbon emission control policies

　　Implement the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation. Study and formulate statistical methods and accounting rules for carbon emissions in the transportation field, strengthen basic statistical accounting for carbon emissions, establish a monitoring platform for carbon emissions in transportation, and promote the construction of near-zero carbon transportation demonstration zones. Establish a green and low-carbon transportation incentive and restraint mechanism, and classify and improve measures such as traffic management and parking management.

Chapter IX Enhancing the Ability of Safety Emergency Support

　　Adhere to the overall national security concept, implement the national security strategy, safeguard and shape national security, run safety development through all fields and links of comprehensive transportation, firmly hold the safety bottom line, lay a solid foundation for safety development, enhance the emergency support capability of emergencies, and build a national security barrier.

Section 1 Improving the Anti-risk Ability of Traffic Network

　　Strengthen the safety risk assessment and classified management and control of transportation infrastructure, strengthen the identification of major risk sources, dynamic monitoring and analysis of the whole process, forecast and early warning, build meteorological monitoring and early warning systems in important passages, hubs and shipping areas, and improve the ability of transportation infrastructure to adapt to climate change. We will steadily increase the multi-path connection ratio in key areas such as disaster-prone areas, major industries and energy bases, improve emergency traffic evacuation, rescue and refuge channel systems, and enhance the resilience of transportation networks. Strengthen the network security protection of key information infrastructure and important information systems in the transportation field, and promote the independent control of information system facilities and equipment.

Section 2 Maintenance of Intrinsic Safety of Facilities and Equipment

　　Establish and improve the infrastructure asset management system, strictly control the source quality of facilities and equipment products, reasonably arrange the construction period, and promote the construction of fine products and fine management. Strengthen the construction of traffic safety facilities, and promote the synchronous design, construction and operation of safety supporting facilities, key target prevention facilities and the main project. Strengthen the early warning and protection monitoring of high-speed railway combining civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense, and strengthen the construction of railway disaster prevention and insurance facilities. Standardize the setting of urban road traffic safety facilities and traffic management facilities. Focusing on water and cliffs, hidden danger intersections and traffic signs and markings, we will strengthen the investigation and rectification of hidden dangers in rural roads, bridges and tunnels and the supporting safety facilities. Improve the safety supporting facilities of water transport projects and the anti-collision facilities of bridges.

Section III Strengthening Safety Production Management

　　Improve the working mechanism of enterprise safety risk classification control, hidden danger investigation and management, technical investigation of accidents and major dangers, strengthen statistical analysis of production safety accidents, and strengthen supervision, inspection and law enforcement. Comprehensive use of scientific and technological means to carry out risk dynamic monitoring and early warning and analysis and judgment. Implement the main responsibility of enterprise safety production and strengthen the responsibility of safety production supervision and management. Strengthen the improvement of the safety environment along the railway, consolidate the whole chain management of civil aviation operation safety, strengthen the safety management of urban rail transit operation protection zones, and strengthen the safety supervision and emergency management of delivery channels. Strengthen the operation safety of facilities and equipment, improve the supervision mechanism of truck production and modification, and put an end to illegally modified freight vehicles leaving the factory. Strengthen the supervision of the source of cargo loading, and prohibit vehicles that are overloaded and overloaded from leaving the scene (station) to drive on the road. Improve the transportation network of dangerous chemicals, optimize transportation traffic control measures, and strengthen the traffic management of key parts such as ports, tunnels and dams. Optimize the working environment of professional drivers, couriers and crew members, and strengthen the quality management of motor vehicle driver training.

Section IV Strengthening Safety Emergency Support

　　Improve the comprehensive transportation emergency management system and mechanism, improve the emergency coordination mechanism and emergency plan system, and strengthen the construction of transportation dispatching and emergency command platform. Promote the construction of regional highway emergency equipment and materials reserve centers. Strengthen water traffic safety supervision, navigation support and salvage capacity building, improve coastal and inland oil spill emergency equipment libraries, and build a water traffic safety guarantee system integrating land, sea, air and space. Construction of urban rail transit emergency drill center. Constructing aviation emergency service network with backbone aviation logistics enterprises as the main body. Construction of maritime supervision and command system. Based on the investigation of hidden dangers of urban transportation infrastructure, such as underground space, low-lying areas, key sections, important points and key facilities, we will establish and improve risk accounts and lists of hidden dangers of disasters, fill in shortcomings such as facilities, equipment and emergency rescue materials, continuously improve emergency response plans, improve emergency response mechanisms, and enhance our ability to cope with extreme weather. Strengthen the construction of emergency professional team and volunteer team, and enrich the national emergency transportation reserve force. We will improve the non-traditional security emergency command system and emergency transportation organization to deal with major epidemics, prevent and respond to terrorist attacks, and ensure information security.

Chapter X Promoting High-level Opening-up Cooperation

　　Adhere to open cooperation, promote interconnection, strengthen "hard connectivity" of infrastructure and "soft connectivity" of institutional rules, ensure the safety of international logistics supply chain, improve the efficiency and level of domestic large-scale circulation, and shape new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition.

Section 1 Promoting Infrastructure Interconnection

　　We will build an all-directional, multi-level and compound "Belt and Road" infrastructure network, actively promote infrastructure interconnection with neighboring countries, and promote the construction of port railways, port highways and boundary river waterways. We will strengthen the construction of large-scale land transport corridors facing Russia, Mongolia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, and support Tibet in building an important corridor open to South Asia. Further improve the maritime strategic channel, plan to build the Asia-Europe land and sea trade channel and the northeast land and sea trade channel, and fill the shortcomings of infrastructure along the route.

Section 2 Further Smooth International Transportation

　　Give full play to the demonstration effect of China-Singapore interconnection project, strengthen consultation and cooperation with neighboring countries, continuously promote the quality and efficiency of rail-sea intermodal transport in the new land-sea corridor in the west, and promote the development of cross-border trains. Optimize the network layout of international shipping routes, improve the efficiency of land-sea combined transport between China and South Korea, promote the healthy development of China-Europe land-sea express line, and expand the brand influence of "Silk Road Shipping". Stabilize the surrounding air transport markets such as Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia, expand the intercontinental route networks such as Europe, North America and Oceania in an orderly manner, and build the "Silk Road in the Air". We will steadily expand the scope of implementation of the agreement on facilitation of international road transport. Optimize the international combined transport organization and transit service, and improve the overseas transshipment service network.

Section III Promoting the High-quality Development of China-Europe Trains

　　Upgrade and transform the China-Europe train port and the rear "stuck neck" section, and speed up the upgrading of technical equipment and information construction. Accelerate the construction of China-Europe train assembly center, promote the unified waybill of China-Europe trains and the mixed transportation of domestic and foreign trade goods, improve the efficiency of supply assembly and train operation, and expand the scope of railway freight trains. Improve the evaluation system of China-Europe trains, improve the industry self-discipline mechanism, consolidate and maintain the brand image, and strengthen risk prevention and control. Promote the convergence and unification of international railway intermodal transport rules, explore the establishment of new rules for joint development with trade and finance, and promote the establishment of an intergovernmental cooperation mechanism between China and Europe.

Section IV Deepening Multi-field Exchanges and Cooperation

　　Actively integrate with international rules and standards, and coordinate and promote the docking of transportation tools, loading units, reloading and transshipment equipment, operation procedures, safety rules, service specifications, information data and other standards. Support enterprises to participate in the construction of transportation infrastructure and international transportation market cooperation along the "Belt and Road", and promote a new model of international capacity cooperation in the development and construction of transportation, industrial parks and cities. Establish China International Sustainable Transportation Innovation and Knowledge Center. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of navigation support in the deep sea, search and rescue, automatic driving, scientific and technological talents, build a world-class ship inspection agency, and actively participate in the global governance of emission reduction in the international aviation and shipping industries.

Section 5 Ensuring the Security of International Logistics Supply Chain

　　Efforts will be made to form a transportation network with land, sea and air as a whole, strengthen supply and demand docking and capacity coordination, and enhance the national logistics supply chain support capability. Pragmatically promote cooperation with ASEAN countries and countries along important maritime routes, strengthen international maritime cooperation, cooperate with countries along the Maritime Silk Road to promote the construction and operation of overseas ports, build a modern ocean-going transport fleet, and maintain the safety and smoothness of important international maritime routes. Enhance the international air cargo capacity, improve the allocation efficiency of key resources such as air rights and time, support airlines to build an international cargo route network, build an aviation logistics enterprise with global competitiveness, and enhance the global response capability of aviation logistics. Cultivate and expand logistics enterprises with international competitiveness, and steadily promote the construction of overseas distribution centers and terminal delivery and distribution networks. Improve the information service level of international logistics supply chain, and do a good job of logistics information docking with foreign trade enterprises.

Chapter XI Strengthening the Construction of Modern Governance Capacity

　　Unswervingly push forward the reform, focus on the deep-seated contradictions that restrict the high-quality development of comprehensive transportation, optimize and improve the management system, operational mechanism, laws, regulations and standard system, build a high-level talent team, promote the modernization of governance capacity, and continuously enhance the development momentum and vitality of comprehensive transportation.

Section 1 Deepening the Reform of Key Areas

　　Further clarify the relationship between the government and enterprises in the railway industry, promote the market-oriented reform of competitive links in the railway industry, promote the independent construction and operation of intercity railways and municipal (suburban) railways in qualified places, promote the shareholding system reform of national railway enterprises and the listing of high-quality assets, and improve the rules for railway cost liquidation and income distribution. Promote the reform of highway toll collection system and maintenance system, and promote the differentiated toll collection of expressways. Continue to promote the reform of air traffic control system, improve the joint operation mechanism of military and civilian air traffic control, implement refined management of airspace resources classification, optimize the national air route network, and deepen the reform of low-altitude airspace management. Realize the separation of postal universal service business and competitive business. Study and improve the shipping management system and mechanism of Xijiang shipping trunk line and boundary river. Deepen the reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement in transportation. Build a full-factor water traffic management system, optimize and improve the maritime supervision mechanism and mode.

Section 2 Promoting the Formation of a Unified Open Market

　　Establish and improve the integrated development mechanism of transportation in urban agglomerations. We will implement a fair competition review system and standardize subsidy policies for China-Europe trains, ports and airlines, and international civil aviation routes. Establish a new supervision mechanism based on credit, strengthen the disclosure of credit information sharing, risk monitoring and safety management, and promote credit commitment in advance, credit evaluation and classification supervision in the process, reward and punishment afterwards and credit repair. Explore the establishment of a fault-tolerant system for innovative development of transportation. Standardize the price management of new transportation formats and new modes, improve the price formation mechanism of cruise taxis, and deepen the market-oriented reform of road passenger transport prices.

Section III Innovation of Investment and Financing System and Mechanism

　　We will fully implement the reform plan for the division of financial powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in the field of transportation, optimize the debt structure, and prevent and resolve the hidden debt risks of local governments. Improve the long-term financing channels that match the project funding needs and deadlines. We will stabilize and improve the policy of special funds for transportation, continue to support the maintenance of transportation infrastructure through the reform of taxes and fees for refined oil, transfer payments and other channels, and optimize and improve the financial policies to support the development of postal services and water transport. Improve the special bond system for toll roads. Support qualified project implementers to carry out market-oriented financing by issuing corporate bonds and other means, steadily promote the pilot of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in infrastructure, standardize the development of cooperation mode between government and social capital, support development finance, policy finance and social capital to participate in transportation infrastructure construction according to laws and regulations, and encourage social capital to set up industrial investment funds such as multimodal transport. Relying on the national online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, we will strengthen post-event supervision.

The fourth quarter to improve laws, regulations and standards.

　　Accelerate the construction of laws, regulations and standard systems that adapt to the modern comprehensive transportation system. Study and revise laws and regulations related to highways, railways, civil aviation and comprehensive transportation, and promote the effective connection of various systems. We will build a high-quality development standard system and statistical system for comprehensive transportation, improve technical standards such as comprehensive transportation hub, passenger joint transportation, multimodal transport of goods, intelligent transportation, green transportation, traffic safety emergency, barrier-free transportation, new formats and new models, and strengthen the convergence of various standards. Promote the integration of dangerous goods multimodal transport service rules and mutual recognition of test results. Strengthen quality and technical infrastructure such as measurement, standards, certification and accreditation, inspection and testing, and strengthen quality supervision and management.

Section 5 Strengthening the Construction of Talent Team and Traffic Civilization

　　We will build a new think tank alliance for transportation, optimize the leading talent discovery mechanism and project team selection mechanism, deepen the reform of scientific research fund management, improve the talent evaluation system, vigorously train and use strategic scientists, and create a large-scale team of young scientific and technological talents. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative, applied and skilled talents, expand the team of high-skilled talents and train a large number of outstanding engineers. Strengthen the construction of soft power of transportation culture, promote the construction of excellent transportation culture projects, deepen the construction of transportation cultural projects, and improve the civilized quality of transportation participants. Strengthen the construction of all-media communication ability of transportation, and enhance the communication, guidance, influence and credibility of transportation government media. Further strict discipline, improve work style, improve the ability and level of transportation law enforcement team, and strictly regulate fair and civilized law enforcement. Innovate the new mechanism and method of publicity and education on the rule of law, implement the responsibility system of popularizing law, and cultivate the culture of traffic rule of law.

Chapter XII Strengthening the Guarantee of Planning Implementation

　　Adhere to the party’s overall leadership over the development of transportation, strengthen organization and coordination, factor support, supervision and guidance, give play to the role of pilot demonstration, and ensure the strong, orderly and effective implementation of the plan.

Section 1 Strengthening the Party’s Overall Leadership

　　Insist on arming the minds of party member cadres with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance". Give full play to the party’s core role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and strengthen the party’s leadership in all fields, aspects and links of transportation development. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots party organizations in the transportation industry, guide party member to play a vanguard and exemplary role, and build grass-roots party organizations into a strong fighting fortress for the development of a strong transportation country.

Section 2 Strengthening Organization and Coordination

　　All relevant departments should improve their ideological understanding, improve supporting policies and measures in accordance with the division of responsibilities, strengthen departmental coordination, strengthen the linkage between the upper and lower levels, do a good job in linking this plan with the outline of the national economic and social development plan and the planning of land space and river basin integration, do a good job in linking and implementing special plans such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation and postal services with this plan, and solidly promote the construction of major projects. Local people’s governments at all levels should closely combine the actual development, refine the main objectives and key tasks determined in this plan, and do a good job in the implementation of the local comprehensive transportation development plan and this plan.

Section III Promoting Pilot Demonstration

　　Focusing on first-class facilities, first-class technology, first-class management and first-class service, we will promote the pilot demonstration of building a strong transportation country in an orderly manner in terms of optimal allocation of resources in cross-regional comprehensive transportation corridors, new infrastructure in the transportation field, international comprehensive transportation hub clusters, urban agglomeration and urban-rural transportation integration, high-quality development of "four good rural roads", integrated development of transportation and tourism, standardization of facilities and equipment service management, reform and model innovation of investment and financing system, construction of international logistics supply chain and development of green and low-carbon transportation, and establish and improve it.

Section IV Strengthening Factor Guarantee

　　Strengthen the financial policy guarantee, arrange government investment to actively support the construction of transportation infrastructure, and include qualified projects in the scope of local government bond support. Increase investment in conservation funds, fully guide diversified capital to participate in transportation development, and form a sustainable capital investment mechanism that pays equal attention to construction and maintenance. Explore diversified support policies such as comprehensive development of hub land. Improve the coordinated promotion mechanism of major projects across departments and regions. Make good use of the cross-regional co-ordination mechanism for supplementary cultivated land, strengthen the protection of resource elements such as land use, sea use and energy use for key projects, and do a good job in the reservation and supply of resource elements.

Section 5 Do a good job in supervision and guidance

　　Establish and improve the evaluation system for major planning, major policies and major projects in the field of transportation, and carry out social stability risk assessment for major decisions as required. Strengthen post-event supervision and dynamic monitoring and analysis during the implementation of the plan, carry out mid-term evaluation and post-evaluation of construction projects in a timely manner, supervise and guide the implementation of the plan, and make dynamic adjustments when necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the plan.