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In order to promote the steady growth of the machinery industry, improve quality, promote upgrading and ensure safety, seven departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the General Administration of Financial Supervision and National Medical Products Administration, recently jointly issued the Work Plan for Steady Growth of the Machinery Industry (2023-2024), proposing that the operation of the machinery industry will maintain a stable and positive trend in 2023-2024, and the supply chain of key industrial chains will be resilient and resilient. The specific objectives are: strive to achieve an average growth rate of operating income of more than 3% and reach 8.1 trillion yuan by 2024; The scale of key industries is rising steadily, new growth points are constantly emerging, the competitiveness of enterprises is further enhanced, and the supply capacity is significantly improved; The construction of industrial clusters has been continuously promoted, and a number of competitive small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic clusters and about 10 industrial clusters with international competitiveness have been cultivated.

Notice on Printing and Distributing the Work Plan for Steady Growth of Machinery Industry (2023-2024)

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Unicom Zhuang [2023] No.144

Departments in charge of industry and information technology, finance, agriculture and rural areas, commerce and drug administration of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities specifically designated in the state plan, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Guangdong Branch of the General Administration of Customs, customs directly under the Central Government, and supervision bureaus of the General Administration of Financial Supervision:

The Work Plan for Steady Growth of Machinery Industry (2023-2024) is hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

the Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Ministry of Commerce

General Administration of Customs

General administration of financial supervision

National Medical Products Administration

August 17, 2023

Work plan for steady growth of machinery industry (2023-2024)

Machinery industry is a basic and strategic industry that provides technical equipment for national economic development, national defense and military construction and people’s livelihood. It is a "ballast stone" to stabilize the industrial economy, an important engine to stimulate domestic demand and promote internal circulation. At present, the international situation is complicated and changeable, and the "triple pressure" of domestic economic development still exists. The development of China’s machinery industry is facing a new situation, and the pressure of steady growth of the industry is greater. To implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, give priority to steady growth, promote effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity, promote steady growth of machinery industry, improve quality, promote upgrading, ensure safety, and achieve the main expected goals, this plan is specially formulated, and the implementation period is 2023-2024.

I. Guiding ideology

Adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, better coordinate the structural reform of the supply side and expand domestic demand, guide the integrated and coordinated development of the upstream and downstream industries, create effective demand through high-quality supply, strengthen systematic thinking and problem orientation, adhere to multi-measures and separate policies, optimize supply, boost demand and stabilize expectations, and promote the operation of the machinery industry to remain in a reasonable range in order to accelerate the promotion of new types.

Second, the main objectives

From 2023 to 2024, the operation of the machinery industry maintained a steady and good trend, the resilience and safety level of the supply chain of key industrial chains continued to improve, and the quality and efficiency of industrial development continued to increase. The specific objectives are: strive to achieve an average growth rate of operating income of more than 3% and reach 8.1 trillion yuan by 2024; The scale of key industries is rising steadily, new growth points are constantly emerging, the competitiveness of enterprises is further enhanced, and the supply capacity is significantly improved; The construction of industrial clusters has been continuously promoted, and a number of competitive small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic clusters and about 10 industrial clusters with international competitiveness have been cultivated.

Third, work initiatives

(A) continue to expand effective demand, do a steady and strong industry steady growth traction.

Implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, take the promotion of effective demand as the guide, focus on expanding investment, promoting consumption, stabilizing exports, fully stimulate the demand potential, and make it a strong engine for the sustained growth of the industry.

1. Dig deep into the domestic market potential. We will carry out a series of actions to promote and apply innovative products such as industrial mother machines, instruments and meters, agricultural machinery and equipment, high-end medical equipment, intelligent detection equipment and robots, and create a number of application verification units, production lines or typical scenarios to form a good ecology for continuous application and iteration of innovative achievements. Give full play to the guiding role of agricultural machinery purchase and application subsidy policy, and support the purchase of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. Promote the construction of a "one big and one small" agricultural machinery and equipment research and development, manufacturing, promotion and application pilot area. Carry out an integrated pilot project of agricultural machinery R&D, manufacturing, promotion and application. Compile the application promotion catalogue of industrial mother machine, high-end instruments and intelligent detection equipment, and deepen the large-scale application in machinery, automobile, aerospace, electronics and other fields. Give play to the traction role of the central financial funds, and support the daily procurement of science and technology, education and medical institutions and give priority to the procurement of high-end innovative instruments and meters in major project construction. Increase the government procurement of the first (set) mechanical products.

2. Focus on expanding effective investment. We will accelerate the development of modern logistics and transportation systems such as strategic backbone channels, high-speed railways, general-speed railways, expressways, port and shipping facilities, modern airports and logistics hubs, as well as modern energy systems such as clean energy bases, power delivery channels and coastal nuclear power, and urban infrastructure such as smart parking facilities and new energy vehicle charging and replacing facilities, and continue to promote the development of intelligent equipment such as construction machinery, rail transit equipment, instrumentation and civil machinery. Accelerate the construction of major projects in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" such as intelligent manufacturing and robotics, major technical equipment, new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles, agricultural machinery and equipment, high-end medical equipment and innovative drugs, and continuously expand the demand for industrial mother machines, instruments and meters, pharmaceutical equipment and industrial robots. Give full play to the role of government investment funds such as the National Manufacturing Industry Transformation and Upgrading Fund, the Industrial Machine Tool Fund and the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Development Fund, and guide social funds to increase investment in the manufacturing industry, so as to form a physical workload as soon as possible and form a demand for machinery and equipment. All localities should establish a collaborative guarantee mechanism for major investment projects, and coordinate the support of factors for the land and energy demand of projects included in the list of major projects.

3. Actively explore the international market. Increase export credit insurance and credit support, guide high-quality enterprises in agricultural machinery and equipment, basic parts and other industries to "go global", improve the quality of products and services and international competitiveness, and consolidate the export market of traditional superior products. Encourage enterprises to make good use of free trade agreements such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, actively participate in building the "Belt and Road", give full play to the role of platforms such as comprehensive insurance zones and industrial regional exhibitions, optimize the structure of export products, and further expand emerging markets. Support construction machinery, rail transit equipment and other enterprises to carry out global operations, actively participate in the revision of international standards, promote the overseas recognition and application of China standards, and improve the global brand service system. Track and study the technical trade measures of relevant countries, actively help enterprises to bail out, cross and break foreign technical trade barriers and promote the export of machinery and equipment. Encourage foreign trade enterprises in the machinery industry to explore and develop trade digitalization and stabilize export growth resilience. Encourage all localities to actively use existing capital channels to support small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in overseas exhibitions and expand overseas orders. Encourage industry organizations to strengthen the study of international trade rules and trade situation, help enterprises improve their risk response capabilities, and enhance their overseas business compliance, safety and sustainable development capabilities.

4. Build a high-level supply and demand docking platform. Organize international brand exhibitions such as China International Industry Fair, World Intelligent Manufacturing Congress and World Robotics Congress, support industry organizations to hold exhibition forums in sub-sectors such as machine tools, instruments and construction machinery, promote technical exchanges, international cooperation, and connect upstream and downstream of industrial chains to stimulate market demand. Run China International Import Expo, China Import and Export Commodities Fair, China International Consumer Goods Expo and other major international exhibitions, promote the docking of supply and demand, support industry organizations to hold docking exchange activities such as information exchange meetings and technological achievements fairs on a regular basis, and help enterprises to obtain effective market information in time and promote innovative achievements. Encourage Internet platform enterprises to build a number of professional online trading platforms that meet the characteristics of mechanical equipment and spare parts, and form a one-stop supply-demand docking mechanism for online exhibitions, exchanges and docking, business negotiations, logistics and transportation, and after-sales service to improve the efficiency of supply-demand docking. Encourage industry organizations and local governments to jointly carry out "going out and inviting in" activities, and encourage local governments to provide policy funds and other support for hosting international exhibitions and forums and going abroad to participate in and watch exhibitions.

(2) Promote the intelligentization of manufacturing industry and do solid support for the steady growth of hard industries.

Adhere to the main direction of intelligent manufacturing, take the promotion of intelligent transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry as the main line, take the application and promotion of new models and the construction of pioneering areas as the guide, drive key technological breakthroughs and model innovation, fully release the demand for upgrading and upgrading of manufacturing equipment, and make it a base for the steady growth of the hard machinery industry.

1. Accelerate the promotion of new intelligent manufacturing models. We will continue to implement pilot demonstration actions of smart manufacturing, build a number of world-class smart factories and smart supply chains, and explore changes in enterprise forms and industrial models. Facing the raw material industry, we will break through advanced process control and energy consumption emission optimization to achieve efficient, safe and green production. Facing the equipment manufacturing industry, carry out model-driven research and development, digital virtual pilot test, etc., and build agile and efficient high-end equipment research and development capabilities. Facing the consumer goods industry, we will explore direct manufacturing and distributed manufacturing for users to meet diversified and high-quality consumer demand. Facing the electronic information industry, we will implement early warning and intelligent control of supply chain risks and build a resilient and flexible supply system. Implement the guidance plan for technological transformation and upgrading of industrial enterprises and support enterprises to accelerate the implementation of technological transformation and upgrading projects.

2. Promote the research of intelligent manufacturing system solutions. Develop a number of key intelligent manufacturing system solutions to drive the overall breakthrough of manufacturing equipment and industrial software. Relying on major projects and key enterprises, focusing on the common needs of key industries such as typical scenes and key processes, we will tackle key problems with a number of complete sets of intelligent manufacturing equipment, develop a number of industry-specific software, create a number of standardized, easy-to-popularize and independent intelligent manufacturing system solutions, promote collaborative innovation of intelligent manufacturing equipment, software and solutions, and support intelligent factory construction and operation, production process optimization, product life cycle management and supply chain collaboration. Facing the safety and controllable demand of key industrial chains in manufacturing industry, relying on the construction of smart factories, it will drive the experimental verification, engineering application and iterative upgrade of intelligent manufacturing system solutions, and greatly improve the self-controllable level of smart factory construction. Cultivate and expand the team of system solution suppliers, improve the classification system of system solution suppliers, further standardize the content, process and quality requirements of integrated services, and guide the standardized development of suppliers.

3. Promote the digital transformation of SMEs. Give play to the leading role of technological transformation, and promote the large-scale popularization and application of low-cost solutions suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises for typical scenarios such as lean management, online inspection, intelligent warehousing and quality traceability. Give play to the leading role of leading enterprises in the supply chain, promote upstream and downstream enterprises to popularize intelligent manufacturing equipment and software, advanced management concepts and key manufacturing processes, and comprehensively improve the digitalization and intelligence level of key industries. Encourage local governments to select digital service providers, provide assessment and diagnosis, planning consultation, equipment renovation, standard application, inspection and testing services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and help them realize digital and intelligent transformation.

4. Explore the construction of intelligent manufacturing pioneer areas. Encourage qualified places to increase policy support, carry out innovative exploration of intelligent manufacturing policy mechanism and future development model of manufacturing industry, and try first in leading industries’ digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, intelligent manufacturing technology innovation and supply capacity improvement, so as to form a distinctive regional intelligent manufacturing development path and replicate it to the whole country. Support areas with strong foundation and complete elements, comprehensively enhance the innovation, application, supply and support capabilities of intelligent manufacturing, and create a comprehensive development benchmark with significant leading effect. Support areas with distinctive characteristics of leading industries, carry out in-depth construction of smart factories and smart supply chains, and form a popular model with outstanding manufacturing capabilities. Support areas where equipment, software, system solutions and other supply resources gather, promote the cultivation of high-quality suppliers, and build an industrial base with strong independent supply capacity. Support areas with outstanding innovation resource endowments and advantages, promote technological innovation research, and create innovation-driven models.

(C) comprehensively enhance the supply capacity, and be the driving force for the steady growth of the excellent and refined industries.

Insist on deepening the structural reform of the supply side, take the overall improvement of supply capacity as the main line, strengthen the construction of industrial ecological system, improve the resilience of industrial chain supply chain, lead and create effective demand with high-quality supply, and promote a virtuous circle of supply and demand at a higher level.

1. Stabilize and smooth the supply chain of key industrial chains. Coordinate the promotion of industrial base reconstruction projects and major technical equipment research projects, and carry out "one-stop" application demonstration of technology. Accelerate the construction of national manufacturing innovation centers such as advanced rail transit equipment, robots, high-performance medical equipment and agricultural machinery equipment, and lay out and build a number of industrial basic common technology centers such as industrial mother machines, instruments and meters to promote the research and development, popularization and application of industry common technologies. Deploy a number of pilot verification units and production lines to promote the innovative achievements of key machinery and equipment to be connected in groups and beaded into chains. Systematically sort out the short-board links of key industries and key products, and carry out the work of strengthening the chain of key product industry chains. Encourage the "zero" cooperation, guide the whole machine enterprises and basic parts enterprises to build a new cooperation mechanism of co-creation, path exploration, risk sharing and benefit sharing, realize the combination of technology research and development and manufacturing process improvement in parts research and development, test and testing, enhance collaborative manufacturing capabilities, jointly promote product industrialization, and achieve quality improvement, cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

2. Accelerate the development of digital equipment. Study and formulate opinions on accelerating the development of equipment digitalization, promote the deep integration of new generation information technology and equipment technology such as artificial intelligence, big data and industrial interconnection, and improve the level of equipment digitalization and intelligence. We will build a high-efficiency innovation system, promote the construction of innovation centers such as industrial control and intelligent detection, and the national industrial metrology and testing center, strengthen the research and development of intelligent equipment and key shortcomings, carry out industrial software engineering test verification, and further activate data value. Facing the typical scenes of digital China such as intelligent agriculture, intelligent medical care, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation, intelligent energy and intelligent construction, we will promote the transformation and upgrading of a number of in-service equipment, upgrade a number of new equipment and develop a number of cutting-edge equipment. We will build an application and maturation base for intelligent equipment, accelerate the construction of high-level test and verification platforms and inspection and testing platforms, and promote the industrialization of intelligent equipment engineering. Organize the demonstration and application of intelligent equipment, and strongly support the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of key industries. Accelerate the transformation of service-oriented manufacturing in machinery industry, strengthen demonstration and promotion, expand new space for service business and cultivate new kinetic energy.

3. Strengthen quality brand building. Carry out actions to improve the reliability of mechanical products. We will implement the "foundation-building" project for the reliability of basic products, focusing on improving the reliability, consistency and stability of special parts such as lead screws, guide rails and spindles for industrial mother machines, precision seed metering devices for agricultural machinery, digital hydraulic parts for construction machinery, precision reducers for industrial robots, and general basic parts such as high-end bearings and precision gears. Implement the "multiplication" project of the reliability of the whole machine equipment and system, and strive to improve the reliability level of high-end products such as five-axis linkage machining center, large-scale high-end intelligent agricultural machinery, industrial robots and industrial control devices. Carry out comparative evaluation activities on the quality and performance of machinery and equipment, and formulate international benchmarking lists for industrial mother machines, agricultural machinery and equipment, medical equipment, etc., so as to promote the improvement of key indicators of the reliability of the whole equipment. Carry out national quality benchmarking activities in the machinery industry, support professional organizations to organize experience exchange and training activities to improve the quality control ability of key manufacturing processes, and summarize and form a number of excellent cases for pilot promotion. Encourage the development of high-end quality certification of mechanical products, organize special activities for the upward development of China brands, strengthen the promotion and cultivation of brands in key industries such as industrial machinery, medical equipment, robots, agricultural machinery and equipment, and enhance the brand competitiveness of China.

4. Improve the gradient cultivation system of high-quality enterprises. Select a group of "chain owners" enterprises in the core advantage position of the industrial chain, make good use of special funds, national production integration as platforms, funds and other existing policy channel resources, and "one enterprise, one case" to support enterprises to become stronger, better and bigger. Support industry organizations to cultivate top 100 enterprises in machinery industry and top 100 enterprises in spare parts. In strategic and basic fields such as industrial machinery, robots, medical equipment, agricultural machinery and equipment, instruments and meters, rail transit, and basic parts, we will strengthen the cultivation of "little giant" enterprises, individual champion enterprises, and pilot enterprises, support the professional and differentiated development of enterprises, and create "unique skills." Establish a gradient cultivation platform for high-quality small and medium-sized enterprises, strengthen the dynamic management of enterprise cultivation lists, and strive to improve the quality and efficiency of cultivation. We will implement a number of measures to help small and medium-sized enterprises stabilize their growth and adjust their structural strength, and implement the "one chain, one policy, one batch" financing promotion action for small and medium-sized enterprises. Deepen the service action of "benefiting enterprises together" and carry out the activity of "SME service month". We will implement the "joint action" of financing and innovation for large, medium and small enterprises, and hold the "one hundred enterprises" financing and docking activities for large, medium and small enterprises. Support "chain owners" enterprises to integrate industrial chain resources, promote the construction of a number of industrial technology innovation alliances or innovation consortia of large, medium and small enterprises, carry out collaborative research by upstream and downstream enterprises, form stable supporting and collaborative innovation, and strengthen the supporting resilience of the industrial chain.

5. Promote the coordinated development of key regions. Promote the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions to make full use of the endowment of resource elements and achieve coordinated and differentiated development. While maintaining a stable growth rate, the major machinery provinces in the eastern region should pay attention to the quality of growth, play a leading role in innovation, and make great efforts to break through a number of key parts and complete sets of equipment. Northeast China should speed up the high-end, intelligent and green transformation of traditional advantageous industries, improve industrial operation efficiency, improve market and service capabilities, and promote steady growth, transformation and upgrading of industries. The central and western regions should enhance the regional supporting capacity, undertake the transfer of strategic and basic industries in an orderly manner, speed up the extension and layout of industrial chains, and build a number of internationally competitive machinery and equipment manufacturing bases. Implement the guiding opinions for promoting the orderly transfer of manufacturing industry and the guiding catalogue for the transfer and development of manufacturing industry, carry out "1+N" docking activities for the transfer and development of manufacturing industry, strengthen demonstration and promotion, carry out the selection of typical cooperation modes for industrial transfer, create a number of pilot parks for the transfer of equipment industry, and promote the orderly transfer of eastern coastal industries to the central, western and northeastern regions. Encourage local governments to set up industrial transfer funds on the premise of controllable risks and adhering to marketization. We will promote the development of industrial clusters, cultivate and build a number of characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises, demonstration bases of new industrialized industries, and advanced manufacturing clusters in the fields of industrial machinery, promote the innovative development of 10 billion-level advanced manufacturing clusters such as rail transit, construction machinery and intelligent equipment, and build industrial clusters with international competitiveness.

(D) adhere to the precise policy of separating industries, and stimulate the steady growth vitality of key industries.

Strengthen precise policies, take the promotion of high-quality development of key sub-sectors as the main line, and make overall plans to promote short-boarding, forging long boards, strengthening foundations, and educating emerging industries, so as to stimulate endogenous and sustained growth momentum in key sub-sectors such as industrial machinery.

1. Make up the chain and upgrade the chain to promote the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of basic equipment.

Industrial mother machine. Strengthen the top-level design, adhere to the problem-oriented, scene traction, pilot verification, group connection, carry out key core technology research, and improve the innovation ability, supply ability and support and guarantee ability of industrial mother machine industry. Promote the digital development of industrial mother machines and support the development of standards and the transformation of results. We will improve the docking mechanism between industrial mother machine enterprises and user enterprises, focus on the needs of key users such as new energy vehicles, aerospace, construction machinery and basic parts, carry out docking activities, encourage key users to boldly try innovative products, and promote the batch application of high-end industrial mother machines. Guide and encourage industrial machine tool enterprises to actively expand overseas markets, optimize the structure of export varieties, and continuously enhance the international competitiveness of high-end industrial machine tool products.

Instruments and meters. Increase support for innovation and tackling key problems in instrument industry. Support superior enterprises to better integrate industry resources, enhance industrial concentration, and cultivate leading enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and international competitiveness. Organize the comparative test and analysis of domestic and imported products, and study and formulate the catalogue of innovative products of high-end instruments and parts. Study and promote the construction of industrial clusters, and support local governments to build industrial clusters in combination with local basic conditions and wishes. Support leading enterprises and research institutes to jointly build a common technology platform to improve the efficiency of research and development of high-end instruments.

Agricultural machinery and equipment. Organize the short-board action of agricultural machinery and equipment, focus on large-scale high-powered high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and small-scale agricultural machinery suitable for hilly areas, accelerate the research and development of short-board machinery and equipment and technological innovation in weak links, optimize the product structure of agricultural machinery and equipment, and fully promote the upgrading of agricultural machinery and equipment. Focusing on the demand of soybean oil crops and agricultural machinery and equipment in hilly and mountainous areas, enterprises, research institutes, extension institutions and application subjects are encouraged to form a consortium to carry out collaborative research. Adopt the mode of "revealing the list and taking the lead" to carry out research and development and popularization and application of urgently needed agricultural machinery and equipment. Support the integrated application of Beidou intelligent monitoring terminal and auxiliary driving system, foster the formation of chain and systematic intelligent operation and command and dispatch capabilities, promote the collaborative innovation of intelligent agricultural machinery, intelligent farms and cloud farms, continue to promote the pilot of unmanned agricultural operations, and promote the development of smart agriculture.

Basic components and basic manufacturing technology. We will carry out actions such as improving innovation capability, engineering application verification, strengthening the chain of industrial chain, cultivating high-quality enterprises and industrial clusters, and promoting advanced manufacturing models to promote breakthroughs in core basic parts, system control technologies and basic manufacturing processes in key areas. Promote the quality improvement project of basic parts to develop in depth, expand the coverage of varieties and specifications, improve the consistency, safety and reliability of basic parts supplied in large quantities, and use the quality early warning mechanism to promote the optimization of industrial structure and market ecology. Strengthen the coordinated development of basic components and complete machines, focus on key areas, give play to the traction role of large professional enterprises and research institutes, promote the coordination of technical standards of basic components and complete machines, and jointly build a common technical cooperation and development platform. Implement the guiding opinions to promote the high-quality development of casting and forging industry, promote the upgrading of processing technology to high efficiency and refinement, and promote the standardized, innovative, green and intelligent development of casting and forging enterprises.

2. Strengthen the chain and consolidate the development momentum of advantageous industries.

Construction machinery. Efforts will be made to improve the industrial basic capabilities, break through key core technologies and components such as system control and hydraulics, and fill the shortcomings of industrial development. Guide enterprises to strengthen the research and scale application of key core components such as batteries, motors and electronic controls for new energy construction machinery. Study and carry out pilot and promotion support policies for the application of new energy construction machinery, explore the exit mechanism of old construction machinery, and support qualified areas to take the lead in implementing the filing management and exit mechanism of construction machinery. Focus on typical application scenarios such as mines and ports, and the needs of major engineering construction such as sichuan-tibet railway, and carry out demonstration applications of electric products such as electric excavators and electric loaders. Support enterprises to strengthen the cultivation and international promotion of construction machinery brands, improve the global brand service system, and stabilize the export growth resilience.

Rail transit equipment. Widely apply new materials, new technologies and new processes to create independent, intelligent and green rail transit equipment products with international competitiveness. Strengthen the key components of vehicles, traction, braking, signal, power supply and other systems. Support qualified rail transit vehicle and core parts enterprises to build smart factories. Carry out basic research on rail transit equipment manufacturing and development of green intelligent equipment, and expand the "manufacturing+service" model. Support rail transit equipment enterprises to "go global", carry out global operation, and build an all-round international operation capability of "product+service+technology+investment".

3. Build and extend the chain, and continue to cultivate and expand emerging industries.

Robots. Promote the formation of a number of collaborative innovation consortia between production and use, establish a collaborative research mechanism between production and demand with enterprises as the main body, and accelerate the iterative upgrade of the whole machine and parts with demand as the traction. In-depth implementation of the "robot+"application action, improve the supply capacity of robot products and system solutions in automotive, electronics, aerospace, rail transit, new energy, medical care, agriculture and other application fields. Promote the establishment of an inter-departmental collaborative promotion mechanism, and build a public service platform for supply and demand docking and application promotion of the "robot+"industrial chain. In the mature application field, select a number of benchmark enterprises and typical scenarios with outstanding application results and strong influence. In the field of emerging applications and potential demand, a number of innovative technologies and solutions for robot applications are collected through "revealing the list".

Medical equipment. Promote the establishment of a collaborative working mechanism between industry and information technology, health and drug supervision, and strive to open up the chain of high-end medical equipment development, registration and approval and clinical innovation. Build a collaborative innovation platform for Industry-University-Research medical institutions, strengthen key core technology research, speed up the completion of the shortcomings of the high-end medical equipment industry chain, and improve the resilience and safety level of the supply chain of the industry chain. We will promote the integrated development of medical equipment with 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and Internet of Things, foster new models and formats such as telemedicine, smart medical care and mobile medical care, and promote high-quality medical resources to benefit the broad masses of the people. Create a number of high-end medical equipment application demonstration bases, promote clinical verification and application promotion of medical equipment, and select a number of excellent application scenarios for telemedicine and smart medical care.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(1) Increase policy support. Using existing capital channels to support machinery manufacturing enterprises to tackle key core technologies and carry out intelligent green transformation. Give full play to the role of national industrial integration as a platform, guide financial institutions to increase credit support, and comprehensively use various financial instruments according to the characteristics of the machinery industry to improve the quality and efficiency of financial services.

(2) Strengthen standard supply. We will strengthen the revision of standards for general parts, core special parts for main equipment, general manufacturing processes, instruments and special equipment, and improve the standard systems for industrial mother machines, medical equipment, agricultural machinery and equipment, and robots. Aim at industrial upgrading, speed up the construction of data security standard system, and promote the development of product life cycle reliability standards such as reliability design, analysis, test, evaluation, operation and maintenance and application of key core products in key industries. Accelerate the development of key technologies and industry application standards for intelligent manufacturing, organize the implementation of standard pilot actions, and carry out standard application pilot and standard implementation activities. Encourage industry associations to jointly develop advanced group standards with leading enterprises, actively participate in international standardization work, and promote the internationalization of machinery industry standards.

(3) Strengthen monitoring and dispatching. Use the information platform such as "Digital Industry Information" to strengthen the operation monitoring and scheduling analysis, and timely discover the problems of signs, potentials and tendencies in operation. Organize and hold economic operation analysis meetings of key industries and key regions, strengthen analysis and judgment, and timely grasp the development of regions, industries and enterprises. Implement the spirit of the CPC Central Committee’s investigation and research on Daxing, organize special research on steady growth, go deep into the grassroots and industry front line, understand the pain points and difficulties that restrict the development of enterprises in the industry, and coordinate and solve the problem of "urgent difficulties and worries" of enterprises. Strengthen information sharing and experience summary, excavate typical cases of steady growth of local and industry, and refine and popularize the experience and practices that can be used for reference.

(4) Strengthen organization and implementation. All departments should deeply understand the significance of promoting the steady growth of the machinery industry to stabilize the basic economic disk, compact their responsibilities, strengthen coordination and cooperation, form joint efforts, implement various measures in detail, pay close attention to implementation, and make overall plans to promote the steady growth of the machinery industry. All localities should base themselves on reality, introduce targeted policies for the steady growth of the machinery industry in the region, stabilize the development of key industries and key enterprises, and strive to achieve the expected goals. Promote the establishment of linkage and consultation and exchange mechanism between central and local governments, adhere to the goal and problem orientation, and coordinate and solve major problems encountered in the development of machinery industry. Industry associations, industry alliances and other industry organizations should play a service and supporting role, increase policy interpretation and positive publicity, strengthen investigation and research, judge the impact of domestic and international situations on the industry in this field, especially the impact of small and medium-sized enterprises, timely reflect and help enterprises solve problems, actively build an industry exchange and exhibition platform, and strengthen the docking of supply and demand. The competent departments of industry and information technology in various regions and relevant national trade associations regularly submit the progress in the implementation of steady growth in their respective regions and industries every year.

Interpretation of Work Plan for Steady Growth of Machinery Industry (2023-2024)

Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the General Administration of Financial Supervision and National Medical Products Administration, issued the Work Plan for Steady Growth of the Machinery Industry (2023-2024) (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Liantongzhuang [2023] No.144, hereinafter referred to as the Work Plan). In order to understand the Work Plan and implement it well, the relevant contents are now interpreted as follows:

First, the introduction background

The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that in 2023, we should "focus on stabilizing growth, employment and prices". Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, make efforts to expand domestic demand, boost confidence, guard against risks, and constantly promote the sustained improvement of economic operation.

The machinery industry is a basic and strategic industry that provides technical equipment for the development of national economy, national defense, military industry and people’s livelihood. It is an important cornerstone to support the country’s manufacturing capacity and comprehensive national strength, and a "ballast stone" to stabilize the industrial economy. It undertakes the important task of promoting the technical progress and technological level of the industry and meeting the needs of people’s better life, involving manufacturing, construction, agriculture, transportation, scientific research, people’s life and other aspects. At present, the external environment is complex and severe, the domestic demand is insufficient, some enterprises have difficulties in operation, and there are many hidden dangers in key areas. The development of machinery industry is facing a new situation, and the pressure of steady growth of the industry is great.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, worked with seven departments including the Ministry of Finance to study and formulate a work plan for the steady growth of the machinery industry, and made efforts to stabilize key sub-sectors, promote the steady growth of the machinery industry, and support the industrial economic growth to achieve the expected goals. The Work Plan mainly focuses on 11 sub-sectors such as machine tools, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, instruments and meters, robots, rail transit equipment, medical equipment, mechanical basic parts, cultural office equipment, food packaging machinery and other civil machinery, involving 7 major categories, 36 middle categories and 108 sub-categories of the national economy.

Second, the guiding ideology and main objectives

Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, the Work Plan fully implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adheres to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, better coordinates the structural reform of the supply side and expands domestic demand, and strives to gather the joint efforts of industries, enterprises and localities to create effective demand through high-quality supply, strengthen systematic thinking and problem-oriented, take multiple measures simultaneously, and make separate policies to optimize supply, boost demand and stabilize expectations. Efforts will be made to stabilize key sub-sectors and keep the operation of machinery industry within a reasonable range, so as to lay a solid foundation for accelerating new industrialization, building a manufacturing power and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

The "Work Plan" proposes that from 2023 to 2024, the operation of the machinery industry will maintain a stable and good trend, the resilience and safety level of the supply chain of key industrial chains will continue to improve, and the quality and efficiency of industrial development will continue to increase. The specific objectives are: strive for an average annual growth rate of more than 3%, reaching 8.1 trillion yuan by 2024; The scale of key industries is rising steadily, new growth points are constantly emerging, the competitiveness of enterprises is further enhanced, and the supply capacity is significantly improved; The construction of industrial clusters has been continuously promoted, and a number of competitive small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic clusters and about 10 industrial clusters with international competitiveness have been cultivated.

III. Main Work Measures and Safeguard Measures

The "Work Plan" proposes to adhere to the "two main lines", do a good job in "four overall plans" and strengthen the "four motivations", and put forward 16 key tasks in four aspects and four safeguard measures from the supply and demand sides.

(1) About the "two main lines". On the demand side, focusing on improving effective demand, we will focus on expanding investment, promoting consumption, stabilizing exports, promoting intelligent transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, and fully stimulating the demand potential of machinery and equipment. On the supply side, with the overall improvement of supply capacity as the main line, we will strengthen separate policies, make every effort to improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain, lead and create effective demand with high-quality supply, and promote a virtuous circle of supply and demand at a higher level.

(2) About "Four Overall Plans" and "Four Motives". First, make overall plans to expand investment, promote consumption, stabilize exports, enhance effective demand, and make the machinery industry grow steadily. The second is to make overall plans for tackling key problems, model innovation and popularization and application of intelligent manufacturing, accelerate the intelligent transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, fully release the investment demand for new or updated equipment, and do a solid support for the steady growth of the hard machinery industry. The third is to make overall plans for the construction of industrial ecological system, improve the resilience of industrial chain supply chain, innovate the supply of high-quality equipment, and be the driving force for the steady growth of fine machinery industry. The fourth is to make overall plans to make up for shortcomings, forge long boards, strengthen foundations, cultivate emerging industries and new growth points, and make precise policies to stimulate the stable growth vitality of eight key sub-sectors such as industrial machinery.

(3) About 16 important tasks in four aspects

In terms of continuously expanding effective demand, aiming at the fact that the machinery industry provides technical equipment for other industries, and more than 70% of the demand comes from infrastructure construction and investment in new or upgraded equipment in other industries, which is the main battlefield for stabilizing exports, four key tasks are put forward, namely, digging deep into the domestic market potential, focusing on expanding effective investment, actively exploring the international market, and building a high-level supply-demand docking platform.

In promoting the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry, four key tasks are put forward, such as accelerating the promotion of new intelligent manufacturing models, promoting the research of intelligent manufacturing system solutions, promoting the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and exploring the construction of intelligent manufacturing pioneer areas.

In terms of improving high-quality supply capacity, five key tasks are put forward, such as stabilizing and smoothing the supply chain of key industrial chains, accelerating the digital development of equipment, strengthening the construction of quality brands, improving the gradient cultivation system of high-quality enterprises, and promoting the coordinated development of key regions.

In terms of precise policy of separation, three key tasks are put forward, namely, supplementing and upgrading the chain to promote the quality and efficiency of basic equipment, strengthening the chain to consolidate the development momentum of advantageous industries, and building and extending the chain to continuously cultivate and expand emerging industries, so as to promote the steady growth of eight key sub-sectors such as industrial machinery, instruments and meters, agricultural machinery and equipment, basic parts and basic manufacturing processes, construction machinery, rail transit equipment, medical equipment and robots.

(4) About four aspects of safeguard measures. First, increase policy support. Support equipment manufacturing enterprises to carry out key core technology research and intelligent green transformation. Give full play to the role of national industrial integration as a platform, guide financial institutions to increase credit support, and comprehensively use various financial instruments to improve the quality and efficiency of financial services. The second is to strengthen the standard supply. Strengthen the revision of standards, improve the standard system of industrial machine tools and medical equipment, and accelerate the development of key technologies and industrial application standards for intelligent manufacturing. Promote the internationalization of machinery industry standards. The third is to strengthen monitoring and dispatching. Use the information platform such as "digital information" to strengthen the monitoring of the economic operation of the equipment industry, carry out in-depth investigation and study, and coordinate and solve the difficulties and problems faced by the development of industrial enterprises in a timely manner. The fourth is to strengthen organization and implementation. Strengthen departmental coordination, promote the establishment of central-local linkage and consultation and exchange mechanisms, and coordinate and solve major problems. Encourage local governments to base themselves on reality and introduce targeted policies for steady growth in the region. Give play to the service and supporting role of industry organizations, build an industry exchange and display platform, and strengthen the docking of supply and demand.

　　　 The influence of the 1990s can be said to be wide-ranging. For people born in the 1970s and early 1980s, it can definitely evoke all their childhood memories. From the moment a little lion named "Simba" was born, its fate has held the hearts of many viewers. The wit and bravery of the little lion have been widely praised. At a certain moment, "Simba" is not only our favorite name for the little lion, but also our special word for bravery, tenacity and affection.

"The Lion King" sets off the cycle of life and the rise and fall of all things

　　　 The classic cartoon "The Lion King" released in the United States in 1994 tells the story of a little lion named "Simba" who spent a beautiful childhood under the caress of his father Mufara and all the subjects on the African savannah. Time flies. When Simba grows up, his uncle Scar begins to take a series of persecutions against Simba in order to compete for the throne. After his father was killed, Simba fell into deep self-blame and grief, and he left the African savannah, far away from all the memories that once accompanied him. Later, by chance, Simba met his childhood partner Nana, who told Simba that since Scar became king, everyone has been living in dire straits. At Nana’s request, and under the guidance of the sorcerer Lafarge and his father, Simba returned to the lion kingdom and saved his people with his wit and bravery…

　　　 The review of this storyline stretches our memory to that era. The passion and excitement brought by the lion named Simba make us feel disappointed and relieved. Yes, "The Lion King" is gone, but the era it can represent always makes us feel unforgettable because of it.

The affectionate wolf imitated Simba’s way of fame, spreading rapidly around the world from point to surface

　　　 The times have passed, but the works that represent the times will continue to emerge. Recently, Hollywood 3D animation is about to land in China, and it has exactly the same shadow as "The Lion King". After "The Lion King" was first released in the United States on June 15, 1994, it was also released in more than 20 countries in Europe, Latin America and Africa. To this day, this film is still the only cartoon in the history of film to enter the top ten box office. The total box office revenue has exceeded 750 million US dollars, according to incomplete statistics!
The upcoming animated film "Loving Wolf in the Cluster", which also came from the United States, has also been a great success and warm-up in South Korea, Taiwan and other places. It seems that the Loving Wolf in "Loving Wolf in the Cluster" is also planning to learn from the idol Simba’s way of fame and use his own unique "wolf charm" to go to the world.

"The Lion King" leads 2D technology, and "Wolf in the Grove" 3D takes over again

　　　 In addition to the way the release spread, what is more similar to "The Lion King" is that "The Lion King" used the most advanced 2D animation technology at the time, while "The Wolf in the Grove" used the current trend of 3D animation technology, both of which are technological pioneers. In addition, in the setting of the protagonists, the lion in "The Lion King" and the wolf in "The Wolf in the Grove" both have similar backgrounds and adventures. Such a similar opportunity in the film’s connotation and external form, just like placing "The Wolf in the Grove" in the path of "The Lion King", as a continuation of 90 years of classic animation, this upcoming animation may really establish another classic image after Simba.

　　　 The anthropomorphic emotions between animals in the 1990s have been continued and sublimated in modern "Loving Wolves in the Cluster", not only because of the passage of time, the innovation and reform of technology, and the improvement of the plot content, but also an epoch-making progress in strength. After so many years, people’s emotional world has become more profound, and they may have different feelings about the understanding of animals. Whether the brave adventurous spirit of the two Loving Wolves in "Loving Wolves in the Cluster" will bring everyone a second "Simba Pursuit" is a question worthy of attention.

The "decisive battle" between cartoon animals: The temptation of the wolf PK Heroic Lion King

　　　 "Loving Wolves in the Grove" tells the story of two wolves who are unfortunately captured alive by mountain rangers. During transportation across the country, they sneak out of their cages and try to find any way to return to their familiar homeland. This film can be called an adventure story. The two wolves embark on a chaotic and dangerous road trip together. The spiritual power conveyed during this time can be described as demagogic. Remember the words Simba shouted when he angrily declared war on Scar: "I am back, you choose, either abdicate or accept the challenge!" That kind of domineering pride, I don’t know how many little guys’ passion for life was ignited back then, eager to mobilize their whole body to complete a significant mission, and that sense of mission or dominance touched how many "people who have witnessed Simba’s success" ah. In "Loving Wolves in the Grove", the little wolf as the protagonist also shouted this inspiring and heroic words: "I am not afraid of fighting!". This kind of concise but meaningful adventure declaration will also bring the same power to children of the age when we watched "The Lion King".

"Wolf in the Grove" may become the second generation of "The Lion King"

　　　 "Loving Wolves in the Forest" is not only similar to "The Lion King" in technological innovation, but also similar in broadcast form and protagonist setting. What is more concerning is that the warmth and heart-stirring of the story are comparable to "The Lion King". The adventure of the two wolves going home together in "Loving Wolves in the Forest" makes the viewer feel immersive, worried about the dangers encountered by the protagonists, and happy for them to survive the disaster. Compared with the former, its breakthrough is more profound and romantic in the interpretation of the meaning of the film. For the emotional drive of the audience, the animation image produced by the two little wolves in the new era will definitely give more narration to human emotions. As a continuation of the animated films of the last century, "Loving Wolf in the Grove" is indeed a true new era "The Lion King".

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Bao Junyue is also a miniature SUV with great personality and fashion. Its front face design is unique and adopts a unique grille design, showing a youthful and energetic atmosphere. The overall style is simple and exquisite, the lines are smooth, and the body is small and smart, which leaves a deep impression. Whether commuting in the city or traveling on weekends, it can attract the attention of passers-by.

Baojun Yueye’s side line design is unique, showing the integration of dynamic and exquisite. The body size is 3381mm*1685mm*1721mm, and the wheelbase is 2110mm, which makes the overall body proportion coordinated and the spatial layout reasonable. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1450mm, which ensures the driving stability and handling. The car is equipped with a set of 195/60 R15 tires with moderate width. With exquisite rim design, it not only strengthens the visual impact, but also ensures the grip and comfort during driving. On the whole, the side design of Baojun Yueye not only pays attention to practicality, but also does not lose its sense of movement and beauty.

Baojun Yueye’s interior design is full of modernity and practicality. The interior style is exquisite and energetic, with simple lines and warm colors as the main features, creating a comfortable driving space. The steering wheel is made of leather material with good texture, which provides a good grip and supports manual adjustment up and down, which is convenient for the driver to adjust according to his personal needs. The center console is equipped with a 10.25-inch high-definition touch screen, which integrates multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning control, with convenient operation and clear display.

In terms of seats, the leather-like material is used, which is comfortable to touch. The front and rear, backrest and height adjustment are supported by the main and co-pilot seats to meet the riding needs of different passengers. Four USB/Type-C interfaces are also provided in the front row, which is convenient for passengers to connect electronic equipment and meet daily charging needs. In addition, the rear seats support proportional reclining, which provides additional convenience for the flexibility of the interior space.

Bao Junyue is also equipped with an engine with moderate power performance, with a maximum power of 50 kW, providing a good driving force for the vehicle. At the same time, the maximum torque of this engine reaches 140 Nm, ensuring smooth performance in daily driving. This parameter configuration meets the balance requirements of fuel economy and drivability.

Summarizing the evaluation of the car owner in car home, Bao Junyue also won praise for its simple and fashionable interior design, with exquisite materials, rich configuration and exquisite craftsmanship, which makes people feel the coexistence of quality and practicality. Such a careful work undoubtedly provides an ideal choice for car owners who pursue fashion and comfortable driving experience.

[Abstract] Every autumn and winter is the high incidence season of influenza. The national disease control department advises people to get influenza vaccine, but the current vaccination rate in China is relatively low, which is not enough to form crowd protection. Therefore, anti-influenza drugs are still an important supplementary measure for vaccines. Once infected with influenza virus, using anti-influenza drugs as soon as possible can effectively alleviate symptoms, reduce complications and reduce the risk of influenza virus spreading to others.

Every autumn and winter is the high incidence season of influenza, and the national disease control department advises people to get flu vaccine, but the current vaccination rate in China is relatively low, which is not enough to form crowd protection. Therefore, anti-influenza drugs are still an important supplementary measure for vaccines. Once infected with influenza virus, using anti-influenza drugs as soon as possible can effectively alleviate symptoms, reduce complications and reduce the risk of influenza virus spreading to others. To this end, the reporter interviewed pediatricians at the 29th Pediatric Academic Conference of Chinese Medical Association on the harm, prevention and treatment of influenza in children.

The high incidence of influenza is related to weather and crowd gathering.

Professor Zeng Mei from the Pediatric Hospital affiliated to Fudan University reminded that every year, autumn and winter alternate, and the climate begins to turn cold and become relatively dry. This climate is more conducive to the virus to become active, especially in winter and spring. In addition, every autumn and winter is also the school season. Children enter kindergartens and schools, and start a collective life. The crowd is relatively gathered and close contact is frequent. It is easy to spread and amplify when the flu begins to enter an active period. This is why the flu is popular at this time.　　　

Children with different influenza types are prone to recurrent infection.　　

Professor Zeng Mei introduced that there are at least four kinds of influenza viruses: A, B, C and D. Generally, human diseases are mainly caused by type A and type B.. And A and B are also divided into different subtypes and subclasses. For example, influenza A viruses that cause human infection are H1N1 and H3N2, and influenza B viruses are Yamagata and Victoria subtypes, but different influenza virus subtypes are not protected by cross-immunity, which means that we are infected with a type of H1N1, and we may experience the infection of influenza A, H3N2 or B again in a flu season. Because in the whole flu season, there will be three or even four different flu subtypes epidemic alternately or successively, or overlapping epidemic, which makes children particularly vulnerable to influenza in this season, in the environment of collective life.

Many people think that a child who has had the flu once will develop immunity, so that he will no longer get the flu. Professor Fuzhou, a doctoral tutor at the Children’s Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, said that this is a misunderstanding. Influenza virus is characterized by frequent mutation, and children of different ages are susceptible. Moreover, after being infected with influenza, children’s virus detoxification lasts for a long time, has strong spread, and has a greater chance of reinfection. Therefore, vaccination with influenza vaccine can reduce the incidence of infection to some extent.

Many people think that preventing the flu means getting the flu vaccine. Professor Fuzhou said that even getting the flu vaccine can’t guarantee that you won’t get the flu at all. Every child’s immune response to vaccination is different, because each child’s immune ability is different. For example, the younger you are, the lower your ability to produce antibodies, and the older you are, the higher your immunity will be.

In addition to the vaccine, the innovative anti-influenza drug mabaloxavir, an RNA polymerase inhibitor, can be taken as early as possible within 48 hours of the occurrence of influenza, so as to shorten the course of the disease and alleviate the flu symptoms, and a series of physical protection measures can be taken, such as wearing a mask and washing hands frequently, which can reduce the risk of cross-infection. In addition, we can enhance the body’s immunity by taking exercise and other measures, so as to increase the ability to resist when infected with the flu.

Seasonal influenza can threaten children’s lives.

Both influenza and common cold belong to viral respiratory infection, but influenza is a legal infectious disease. People infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza and seasonal influenza are included in the management of Class B and Class C infectious diseases respectively. Influenza is the abbreviation of influenza. Different from other viruses, it has seasonal epidemic every year, with large epidemic range and intensity, long epidemic time, high susceptibility and strong infectivity. Compared with other common colds, its systemic symptoms are more obvious, such as high fever, headache, muscle aches and general weakness. The symptoms of the common cold are mild, mainly manifested as no fever or mild to moderate fever, slight cough, runny nose and other symptoms.

In addition, children’s influenza is easy to cause severe influenza, because children are frequently infected with influenza, and the immune system is not well developed (for example, the innate immune development is not perfect, and the inflammatory reaction is too strong), so in the process of infection, the ability to clear the virus is weak, and serious complications such as influenza encephalopathy and fulminant myocarditis are more likely to occur. .

Professor Zeng Mei warned that for children, the common complications of influenza include otitis media and pneumonia. When the seasonal influenza epidemic intensity is high, renal failure, explosive myocarditis, and even death and disability caused by influenza encephalopathy are frequently reported.

Once the flu is confirmed, families and schools should pay attention to it together.

Professor Fuzhou believes that once you have flu symptoms, you should go to the hospital in time. After diagnosis, family members should wear masks to reduce the risk of cross-infection. At the same time, taking anti-influenza drugs in time can not only shorten the course of disease, but also reduce the risk of transmission to others. Generally speaking, once the flu is diagnosed, it is contagious from the beginning of symptoms to the whole process of symptom recovery, which lasts at least one to two weeks. During the flu infection, don’t go to schools and other crowded places, so as not to infect more children, increase the spread area, and let the flu grow geometrically.

Huashang. com reporter Liu Yating

On March 24th, the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center of China Meteorological Bureau (hereinafter referred to as "Space Weather Early Warning Center") gave an early warning of the possible geomagnetic activities on March 24th, 25th and 26th, indicating that geomagnetic storms or even geomagnetic storms may occur during this period. Experts in the field of satellite meteorology interpret the early warning, indicating that spacecraft and homing pigeons are sensitive to geomagnetic storms, and suggest relevant units and homing pigeon enthusiasts to deal with them; Aurora may appear during geomagnetic storms, and enthusiasts interested in observing aurora can be prepared.

The coronal mass ejection process was photographed by the coronal instrument carried by SOHO satellite.

According to the information released by the Space Weather Warning Center, geomagnetic activity may occur on March 24, 25 and 26, among which moderate geomagnetic storms or even geomagnetic storms may occur on March 25, and it is expected that geomagnetic activity will last until March 26. According to the information released by the Space Weather Warning Center, the location of the coronal mass ejection (CME) process is almost right on the earth, so the ejecta form a round surface when viewed from the earth. The solar material ejected by this kind of explosive activity is faster than the earth and has high coverage, which may cause strong geomagnetic activity.

Solar activity area before coronal mass ejection observed by xi he satellite

Cao Jing, an expert in scientific communication in the field of satellite meteorology in China and a senior engineer, said that geomagnetic storm is a violent disturbance phenomenon of the earth’s magnetic field caused by the "losing temper" of the sun, and spacecraft and homing pigeons are more sensitive to geomagnetic storm. During the geomagnetic storm or geomagnetic storm; the orbit for low-orbit spacecraft; including the space station; may drop uncontrollably; and the navigation error for satellites may increase. There have been geomagnetic storms encountered during satellite launch abroad that caused huge losses. Aviation flight has double risks of poor communication and trans-polar radiation; Carrier pigeons may get lost. During geomagnetic storms or geomagnetic storms, the earth may observe aurora.

Cao Jing suggested that pigeon lovers should not release homing pigeons during the geomagnetic storm warning period, so as to avoid the pigeons from "finding the north" and returning home. Friends who like to watch the aurora, pay close attention to the information released by the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center of China Meteorological Bureau, and choose the right place to observe the aurora. Judging from the reply of the Space Weather Warning Center to netizens at noon on March 24th, it is not only the traditional "Arctic" Mohe area in China, but also most areas in northern China can try to observe.

On December 1, 2023, the aurora appeared in Mohe, Heilongjiang. Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Mohe Municipal Committee

Source | Yangcheng Evening News, Yangcheng School, Jinyang. com, some contents are integrated from space weather and China meteorology.

Text | Reporter Liang Yitao

The shape of this golden dragon is different from the dragons that have been circulated in the past.

　　At 4 o’clock in the afternoon on February 23, workers dug up two treasures when cleaning up Kuocang Cave in Xianju County. Compared with historical data, this is the golden dragon and white jade given by the emperor of Song Dynasty, which is very consistent with the description in Guangxu Xianju County Records.

　　What was dug up first was a piece of white jade, followed by a golden dragon. Jinlong is 11.3 cm long, 7 cm high and weighs 79 grams. It is made of pure gold and has four feet, three claws, wings, two horns, three whiskers, a unicorn peak and fish scales. However, the shape is different from the dragons that have been circulated in the past.

　　Everyone is very excited. Because according to historical records, these two treasures are the golden dragon and white jade given by Song Zhenzong.

　　Kuocang Cave has an important position in the history of Taoism in China, and many Taoists came here to practice in the past dynasties. "Guangxu Xianju County Records" records: Kuocangdong Palace was built during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. "In the seventh year of Tang Tianbao, there was a clear cloud covering the cave, and Taishi played the true qi in the lodge, and built a cave palace, which was listed as’ becoming a virtue and hiding the Xuan’". "In the second year of Song Tianxi, he cast a golden dragon and a white jade, and gave him the amount of’ Ningzhen Palace’".

　　This golden dragon and white jade was given by Song Zhenzong, and the enclosed Cangdong was renamed as "Ningzhen Palace" by him from "Chengde Yinxuan", and now it is called the enclosed Cangdong.

　　The name of Xianju is also related to Song Zhenzong. According to legend, he was impressed by the efficacy of Kuocang Cave, the beauty of Kuocang Mountain and the news that some local people had attained enlightenment. In the 4th year of Jingdezhen in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yong ‘an County was renamed as Xianju County.

　　During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Kuocang Cave was listed as the tenth cave heaven of Taoism in China (cave heaven: the abode of immortals used by Taoism), and it became famous from then on.

　　According to the county annals, this golden dragon has been buried in the soil for 991 years. But when it was unearthed the day before yesterday, it was still golden and dazzling.

　　"The craftsmanship is very high, quite exquisite and exquisite, which is consistent with the royal manufacturing level of the same period." Guo Jinxing, president of Xianju Historical and Cultural Research Association, said that this golden dragon is precious in terms of material, production technology and historical significance.

　　"It is very likely to be a national cultural relic, and we will report it to the higher authorities." Guo Jinxing said.

Editor: wangxin

Recently, a criminal judgment published by China Judgment Document Network revealed the case of Zhang Xuemin, former member of the Standing Committee of Pingxiang Municipal Committee of Jiangxi Province and secretary-general of the Municipal Party Committee, taking bribes.

In 2008, Zhang Xuemin, then vice mayor of Pingxiang City, interceded for a developer who failed to apply for a pre-sale permit for commercial housing and illegally collected a customer deposit, and received a total of 150,000 yuan in bribes from the developer.

This is just the tip of the iceberg in Zhang Xuemin’s huge bribery case.

In May 2015, the Compilation of Typical Cases of party member Cadres’ Violation of Discipline and Law since 2011 compiled by Pingxiang Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision (hereinafter referred to as "Compilation") showed that Zhang Xuemin and Yan Dewen, the former chairman of Pingxiang CPPCC, received a maximum of tens of millions of yuan in bribes, setting a record for economic duty crimes in Pingxiang, which is also rare in Jiangxi Province, and can be described as "a snake swallowing like a snake".

On February 28, 2014, the Jiangxi Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the news that two department-level cadres in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province were dismissed at the same time.Yan Dewen, then chairman of Pingxiang CPPCC.andZhang Xuemin, then member of the Standing Committee of Pingxiang Municipal Committee and Secretary General of Municipal Committee.Be investigated together.

Before that,Chen Anzhong, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Jiangxi Provincial People’s Congress, chairman of the Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, and Sun Jiaqun, former member of the Standing Committee of Pingxiang Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor.They have all been investigated. Chen Anzhong once served as secretary of Pingxiang Municipal Party Committee.

After the fall of Yan Dewen and Zhang Xuemin,He Weilin, former chairman of Pingxiang CPPCC, and Chen Weimin, former secretary of Pingxiang Municipal Committee.It also "collapsed" in the "earthquake" of Pingxiang officialdom. For a time, Pingxiang became the "hardest hit" of corruption in Jiangxi.

Zhang Xuemin, former member of the Standing Committee of Pingxiang Municipal Committee and Secretary-General of the Municipal Committee.

Many people have been sentenced for corruption in Pingxiang.

A few days ago, The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter learned from the judicial department of Ganzhou City that both cases of Yan Dewen and Zhang Xuemin had been decided in the first instance, but because both of them appealed, the relevant person in charge of the judicial department did not disclose the sentence period and related cases of Yan Dewen and Zhang Xuemin in the first instance.

He Weilin was sentenced to five and a half years’ imprisonment by Jiujiang Intermediate People’s Court for accepting bribes and abusing his power. However, after the verdict was pronounced in the first instance, He Weilin refused to accept the appeal.

The verdict held by The Paper reporter shows that the object of bribing Zhang Xuemin is Li Longhui, the chairman of Pingxiang Longfei Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. On September 10th, 2015, the People’s Court of fengcheng city, Jiangxi Province sentenced Li Longhui to one year and four months’ imprisonment for bribing Zhang Xuemin and Rao Benchun, then director of Pingxiang Housing Management Bureau, totaling 270,000 yuan.

Three months after Li Longhui’s case was pronounced in the first instance, in the case of He Weilin, the former chairman of Pingxiang Municipal Political Consultative Conference, which was heard on December 9, 2015, there was another accusation that He Weilin accepted Li Longhui’s bribery.

According to the indictment, Li Longhui, the owner of Pingxiang Longfei Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., gave He Weilin 20,000 yuan in 2011 when he moved. During the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival from 2006 to 2012, he Weilin was given a total of 122,000 yuan 21 times.

At the request of Li Longhui, He Weilin took advantage of his position as the chairman of Pingxiang CPPCC to greet the relevant personnel in 2005, and helped Li Longhui get the tax preferential treatment of Meilun Hua Ting project of more than 580,000 yuan from the Goose Lake Management Office. In 2008, he greeted the relevant personnel and helped Li Longhui get back the deposit of 4 million yuan from the Anyuan Forest Park Management Committee. In 2011, he greeted the relevant personnel and asked them to take care of the Xiubo Garden project developed by Li Longhui.

Around March 2014, He Weilin returned Li Longhui 150,000 yuan for fear of organizing an investigation.

The Paper reporter learned from many channels that in the first trial of He Weilin’s case, the amount of bribes that He Weilin accepted from Li Longhui was determined by the court.

An insider close to He Weilin’s case told the The Paper reporter that in the previous judicial trial of Li Longhui, the judgment did not mention the accusation of bribing He Weilin, but in the first trial of He Weilin’s case, the court found that he accepted Li Longhui’s bribe. This "legal back door" phenomenon is puzzling, and it also shows that the judicial departments concerned have too much discretion and violate the fairness of the law.

Developers regularly send red envelopes three times a year.

The above judgment shows that since July 2007, the Longfei Jinxiu Jiayuan real estate project developed by Pingxiang Longfei Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Longfei Company") has hired an agency to engage in sales, and the customer’s deposit has been illegally charged more than 200,000 yuan without pre-sale permit.

In March 2008, Pingxiang City Real Estate Management Supervision Brigade discovered this situation, and it was necessary to punish Longfei Company according to law. According to the Regulations on the Management of Urban Real Estate Development and Operation, it was necessary to confiscate the house purchase deposit charged by illegal sales and impose a fine of 1% of the sales amount.

In order to seek illegitimate interests, so that the company’s violations can be mitigated, Li Longhui, the legal representative and chairman of Longfei Company, found Zhang Xuemin, then the vice mayor in charge of housing management and urban construction, to intercede. Zhang Xuemin should ask for help to call Rao Benchun, then director of Pingxiang Housing Management Bureau, to intercede for Longfei Company. Later, Li Longhui also found Rao Benchun. The matter was finally punished in violation of regulations, and the illegal income was confiscated for 10,000 yuan.

Li Longhui is engaged in real estate development, and Zhang Xuemin is in charge of housing management and urban construction.In order to thank Zhang Xuemin for interceding for the company and asking him for something in the future, from 2006 to 2013, Li Longhui would send red envelopes to Zhang Xuemin’s office every Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival. The red envelope sent every Spring Festival is 10,000 yuan, and the red envelope sent every Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival is 5,000 yuan.Zhang Xuemin received a total of 150,000 yuan in bribes from Li Longhui. In addition, from 2008 to 2012, Li Longhui paid a bribe of 120,000 yuan to Rao Benchun (handled separately).

About two months after Zhang Xuemin’s fall, that is, on April 23rd, 2014, Rao Benchun, who was bribed by Li Longhui with Zhang Xuemin, was also arrested and investigated. When the horse fell, Rao Benchun had been transferred to the post of Party Secretary and Director of Pingxiang Archives Bureau.

After Zhang Xuemin and Rao Benchun were dismissed, Li Longhui, then a member of the Standing Committee of Pingxiang Municipal Political Consultative Conference, who paid bribes to them, was also taken away for investigation by the relevant case-handling departments.

The above judgment also shows that Li Longhui, male, was born in Anyuan District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province in April 1951, with a primary school education. He was a former member and standing committee member of Pingxiang CPPCC. On May 16th, 2014, Li Longhui was placed under residential surveillance at the designated residence of the People’s Procuratorate of fengcheng city on suspicion of bribery. On May 26th of the same year, he was detained by the People’s Procuratorate of fengcheng city, and was arrested on June 6th of the same year. On September 10th, 2015, the People’s Court of fengcheng city, Jiangxi Province sentenced Li Longhui to one year and four months’ imprisonment for committing bribery in the company.

In August 2015, the People’s Court of Anyuan District, Pingxiang City ruled in the first instance that Rao Benchun was sentenced to 11 years and 6 months in prison for committing bribery and corruption.

After Rao Benchun’s verdict was pronounced in the first instance, the China discipline inspection and supervision newspaper once reported on Rao Benchun’s violation of discipline with the title "No bottom line for undisciplined behavior", sayingRao Benchun even had to reimburse the lost gambling money, promoted the driver to a deputy-level cadre in violation of regulations, and helped his mistress to operate as the secretary-general of the listed real estate association.

Information Daily reported on June 29, 2016 that recently, Pingxiang Intermediate People’s Court made a second-instance judgment on Rao Benchun (male, 54 years old, former director of Pingxiang Archives Bureau, party secretary, director of Pingxiang Real Estate Management Bureau when he was suspected of committing a crime) accepting bribes: Rao Benchun was convicted of accepting bribes, sentenced to 5 years in prison and fined RMB250,000. The court found that from February 2007 to November 2013, Rao Benchun took advantage of his position as the director of Pingxiang Housing Management Bureau to provide assistance for real estate enterprise project development, violation punishment, promotion of subordinate cadres and job transfer of employees, and illegally accepted property totaling 836,351 yuan.

Zhang Xuemin played the fool in the early stage and asked nothing; Then pretend to be sick and scare the case handlers with a "heart disease" that doesn’t exist at all; Finally, pretend to be crazy and interfere with the case handlers by kneeling, kowtowing and urinating in public. Vision china information

Use the deeds of martyrs to "encourage" other officials to make offensive and defensive alliances.

In January this year, Xinhua News Agency published "Sample Analysis of Pingxiang Corruption" in Jiangxi Province ",which reported that,The circles of leading corrupt officials are independent of each other and compromise with each other because of overlapping plates and interest disputes, forming a joint case.

For example, there is a "mentoring relationship" between Yan Dewen and Sun Jiaqun, Sun’s promotion has been taken care of by Yan, and Zhang Xuemin and Yan Dewen have a classmate relationship. These intertwined and complicated interpersonal relationships provide convenient conditions for them to commit crimes together.

This special relationship is also valued by Zhang Xuemin. Before the fall of the horse, he also used the unyielding heroic deeds of a revolutionary martyr after his arrest to "encourage" Yan Dewen to reach an offensive and defensive alliance with himself and confront the investigation.

"After Sun Jiaqun and Chen Anzhong were organized to investigate one after another, Zhang Xuemin and Yan Dewen had a premonition that they would be exposed to the incident and formed an offensive and defensive alliance many times."

The Compilation also states that Zhang Xuemin has repeatedly found co-conspirators for collusion.

Yan Dewen mentioned in his confession: "On February 22, 2014, Pingxiang Municipal Committee organized mass line education and practice activities in the guesthouse to concentrate on learning. Zhang Xuemin told me that there was an article in Gong Quanzhen’s diary (the wife of Gan Zuchang, the founding general). He read it nine times and asked me to read it."

According to Zhang’s prompt, Yan Dewen found that Gong Quanzhen’s diary was about the unyielding heroic deeds of a revolutionary martyr after his arrest. Zhang Xuemin wanted to use this story to "encourage" Yan Dewen to reach an offensive and defensive alliance with himself. On February 25th, Zhang Xuemin found Yan Dewen again, saying that he would never say anything, and that he should be strong and never say anything if he was killed.

According to the description in the Compendium,After being investigated, Zhang Xuemin did his best to perform, playing dumb in the early stage and asking nothing; Then pretend to be sick and scare the case handlers with a "heart disease" that doesn’t exist at all; Finally, he pretended to be crazy, and interfered with the case handlers in extremely boring ways, such as kneeling, kowtowing and urinating in public, in an attempt to divert attention, completely losing the proper image of a departmental leading cadre.

In addition, the Repertory also mentioned that,In addition to He Weilin, Zhang Xuemin and other five people lead corrupt lives and commit adultery with others. In the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other festivals every year, Zhang Xuemin collects 600,000 yuan and 700,000 yuan from units and individuals respectively. Zhang Xuemin’s son started a financial consulting company. Every year, he symbolically went to some private enterprises in Pingxiang to look through the books and got a consulting fee of 150,000 yuan.

Zhang Xuemin also gave tens of millions of bribes to his mistress, Zhang’s younger brother and elder brother for safekeeping, and the agent was not only responsible for safekeeping, but also invested in "whitewashing".

In the Jinxiu Mountain Villa project in Pingxiang City, Zhang Xuemin and Yan Dewen instructed their agents to sign a Cooperative Development Agreement with the developer of the project in August 2005 in order to cover up the fact that they each demanded a bribe of tens of millions of yuan, and the amount they demanded was determined in the form of IOUs and agreements in the name of loan return for project construction, which not only ensured their illegal income, but also carried out "legal" packaging.

Afterwards, Zhang Xuemin also said: "With this agreement, my heart will be practical."

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, October 1 (Reporter Hao Mengjia) Thousands of college students watched the flag-raising ceremony in Tiananmen Square, and the party secretary of the university led a team to visit the red education base … … On the eve of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the arrival of the 73rd National Day, the Education Working Committee of Beijing Municipal Committee and the Municipal Education Commission organized colleges and universities to carry out a series of colorful theme practice activities around the theme of "Welcome to the 20th New Era of Striving", so that the college students who stayed in Beijing during the National Day could enjoy their holidays and have a good ideological and political lesson.

　　More than a thousand teachers and students in colleges and universities wish the motherland prosperity.

　　This morning, in Tiananmen Square, in the loud national anthem, the bright five-star red flag Ran Ran rose. More than a thousand teachers and students from Peking University, Tsinghua University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Capital Normal University and other universities stood in front of the national flag, paid attention to it and sang the national anthem with high respect and full enthusiasm, wishing the great motherland prosperity together.

　　Teachers and students from capital universities attended the flag-raising ceremony.

　　This morning, the creative exhibition on the theme of vivid practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the land of Beijing, the supreme leader of "Walking in the land of Beijing", opened in the Central Academy of Fine Arts, focusing on more than 160 outstanding works created by students from more than 30 colleges and universities. The reporter saw on the spot that exquisite works showed the great achievements of the party, and the unique perspective also showed contemporary college students’ feelings about the changes around them and their understanding and understanding of the new era. In addition, the organizers also sent these works to the campuses of major universities, and toured the exhibition by combining online and offline, so that more students can enjoy high-quality works without leaving the campus.

　　The theme exhibition "Walking in Beijing and Feeling the Great Power of Thought" was held in the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

　　It is understood that during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the Beijing Education Committee will also organize 200 student representatives from various universities in Beijing to visit the experimental field of Beijing Agricultural College to learn about modern agriculture, visit the achievement exhibition of the "Rural Revitalization" action plan for teachers and students in capital universities, and walk into the fields; About 14,000 teachers and students were organized to visit the exhibition on the theme of "Striving for a New Era". During the study and visit, they deeply felt the great achievements and great changes in the cause of the party and the state in the new era for 10 years, thought and understood the power and kinetic energy behind the changes, and were patriotic and committed to serving the country.

　　Deeply planting patriotic feelings of loving the party and entering the red stadium to study.

　　This morning, colleges and universities in the capital organized students to inherit the red gene in their visits, studies and experiences, and to continue the red blood, so as to cultivate the feelings of loving the party, patriotism and socialism. The reporter learned that this year’s communist party Historical Exhibition Hall, Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall, Peking University Red House, etc., became the "online celebrity punching place" for college teachers and students to visit and study during the National Day holiday, and scenes such as micro-lectures on party history and revisiting the oath of joining the party became beautiful landscapes in these places.

　　Qiu Yong, secretary of the Party Committee of Tsinghua University, led 120 teachers and students to visit the History Exhibition Hall in communist party, China. Faced with familiar figures of the Party history, real pictures, historical relics and precious videos, teachers and students were deeply moved and thinking.

　　Ma Junjie, secretary of the Party Committee of China Geo University (Beijing), and Huang Xiankai, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Technology and Business University, respectively led teachers and students to the Beijing Exhibition Hall to visit the theme achievement exhibition of "Striving for a New Era". Teachers and students visited six exhibition areas, including preface hall, central comprehensive exhibition area and local exhibition area.

　　Teachers and students of China Geo University (Beijing) visited the theme achievement exhibition of "Striving for a New Era"

　　Zhang Qihong, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Technology, also led a team to organize teachers and students to visit the Red Building of Peking University. During the process of watching and walking, he taught a "big ideological and political lesson" to teachers and students on the spot.

　　Teachers and students of Beijing Electronic Technology Vocational College visited the Red Building of Peking University.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Education Working Committee of the Beijing Municipal Committee told the reporter that in order to let the college students in Beijing spend a meaningful holiday during the National Day holiday, all colleges and universities in Beijing have designed and organized a variety of patriotic education activities with the focus on visiting and studying the red venues, guiding college students into the red venues, continuing the red blood and inheriting the red genes.

　　Nearly two thousand activities covered 278,000 students.

　　During the National Day holiday, while doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control, college students in the capital "learn", "sing", "talk" and "do", and combine wonderful recreational activities and sports online and offline to enrich students’ holiday life. At the same time, colleges and universities strengthen theme publicity through window, electronic screen, website and new media platform, forming a rich festive atmosphere. According to statistics, universities in the capital will hold a total of 1,756 on-campus activities, directly covering 278,000 students.

　　The colorful activities left a deep impression on college students. They all said that they were deeply educated in this big ideological and political class. Zeng Junqi, a graduate student of Tsinghua University Marxist Institute, said after visiting the communist party Historical Exhibition Hall in China that he deeply felt the magnificent course of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leading the people of China to create brilliance. We should take history as a mirror, remember the red history and inherit and carry forward the glorious tradition of our revolutionary predecessors.

　　Wang Jiawei, a counselor of China Geo University (Beijing), also said after watching the exhibition on the theme of "Striving for a New Era" that it is of great significance to let more people see the development of the motherland, social progress and national rejuvenation through this exhibition.

　　Gulypia Ynsup, a student from Class 202, School of Law, Beijing Technology and Business University, said with great pride after visiting the exhibition on the theme of "Striving for a New Era". The exhibition showed in an all-round way the great achievements made by people of all ethnic groups all over the country who clung together like pomegranate seeds and worked hard to overcome difficulties, and how lucky they were to be born in the new era.

　　Li Jiahao, a student from Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Technology, was deeply shocked by the thick history of the Red Mansion in Peking University. He said that it was as if he had returned to that stormy time, and saw a group of intellectuals thinking hard about the road to saving the country and the people at the time of the country’s and the nation’s peril, and they were desperate to shout and run, and deeply felt their noble patriotic sentiments and fearless heroism.

　　The reporter also learned that when planning various activities during the National Day, colleges and universities also carefully formulated prevention and control plans and emergency plans, and tried to carry out small-scale activities outdoors, which not only enriched students’ holiday life, but also kept the bottom line of epidemic prevention.

　　The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Insurance Group Companies was adopted at the 10th Committee Meeting of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in 2021 on August 19th, 2021. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　Chairman Guo Shuqing

　　November 24, 2021

　　Measures for the supervision and administration of insurance group companies

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the supervision and management of insurance group companies, effectively prevent the operational risks of insurance groups, and promote the healthy development of financial and insurance industries, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Insurance Law), the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and administrative regulations, as well as the Decision of the State Council on Setting Administrative Permissions for Administrative Examination and Approval Items that Need to Be Retained (Order No.412 of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China).

　　Article 2 The Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) shall, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the State Council’s authorization, and on the principle that substance is more important than form, conduct comprehensive, continuous and penetrating supervision and management over insurance group companies.

　　Article 3 The term "insurance group company" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a company registered in accordance with the law and established with the approval of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, which has the words "insurance group" or "insurance holding" in its name and exercises control, joint control or significant influence on the member companies of the insurance group.

　　Insurance group refers to an enterprise collection composed of insurance group companies and companies controlled, jointly controlled or greatly influenced by them. In this enterprise collection, besides insurance group companies, there are more than two subsidiaries that are insurance companies and insurance business is the main business of this enterprise collection.

　　The member companies of an insurance group refer to insurance group companies and companies controlled, jointly controlled or greatly influenced by them, including insurance group companies, subsidiaries directly or indirectly controlled by insurance group companies and other member companies.

　　Chapter II Establishment and Licensing

　　Article 4 The establishment of an insurance group company shall be submitted to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission for examination and approval and meet the following conditions:

　　(1) The investor meets the qualification requirements for shareholders of insurance companies as stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, and the shareholding structure is reasonable, and it controls at least 50% of the shares of two domestic insurance companies in total;

　　(2) Having member companies that meet the requirements of Article 6 of these Measures;

　　(3) The minimum registered capital is 2 billion yuan;

　　(4) Having directors, supervisors and senior managers who meet the qualification requirements stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission;

　　(5) Having a sound corporate governance structure, sound organizational structure, effective risk management and internal control management system;

　　(6) Having business premises, office equipment and information systems suitable for its operation and management;

　　(seven) other conditions stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Involving the disposal of risks, the above conditions may be appropriately relaxed with the approval of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 5 The supervision of equity and shareholders’ behavior of insurance group companies shall be governed by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission’s regulations on equity management of insurance companies.

　　Article 6 At least one insurance company controlled by the investor who intends to establish an insurance group company meets the following conditions:

　　(a) in China for more than 6 years;

　　(2) It has made continuous profits in the last three fiscal years;

　　(3) Its net assets at the end of the previous year are not less than 1 billion yuan, and its total assets are not less than 10 billion yuan;

　　(4) Having a sound corporate governance structure, sound organizational structure, effective risk management and internal control management system;

　　(5) The core solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 75% in the last four quarters, and the comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 150%;

　　(6) Its comprehensive risk rating in the last four quarters is not lower than Class B;

　　(seven) in the last three years, there were no major violations of laws and regulations and major acts of dishonesty.

　　Article 7 An insurance group company may be established in the following two ways:

　　(1) Initiating the establishment. The shareholders of an insurance company, as promoters, set up an insurance group company with their equity and monetary contributions, of which the total monetary contribution shall not be less than 50% of the registered capital of the insurance group company.

　　(2) Renaming the establishment. An insurance company is renamed as an insurance group company, and the insurance group company establishes an insurance subsidiary with monetary contribution, and the insurance business of the original insurance company is transferred to the insurance subsidiary according to law.　

　　The establishment of insurance group companies includes two stages: preparation and opening.　

　　Article 8 Where an insurance group company is established by means of sponsorship, the sponsors shall submit the following materials to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in the preparatory stage:

　　An application for establishment, including the name, organizational form, registered capital, domicile (business premises), investors, investment amount, investment proportion, business scope, preparatory organization, contact person and contact information of the company to be established;

　　(2) Feasibility study report, including feasibility analysis, establishment mode, development strategy, corporate governance and organizational framework, risk management and internal control system, solvency evaluation of insurance subsidiaries before and after integration, etc.;

　　(3) the preparation plan, including the establishment of the preparatory group, work responsibilities and work plans, the equity structure of the insurance group company to be established and its subsidiaries, the overall planning and operation process for rationalizing the equity relationship, the name and business category of the subsidiaries, etc.;

　　(4) The materials of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group, including the investor’s letter of confirmation on the appointment of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group and the proposed chairman and general manager, the basic information of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group, the personal approval certificate, the application form for the qualification of the proposed chairman and general manager, the identity certificate and the copy of the academic degree certificate;

　　(5) Draft articles of association of the insurance group company;

　　(6) The audited financial report and solvency report of the insurance company controlled by the promoters in the last three years;

　　(7) Business license;

　　(8) Relevant materials of investors, including basic information materials, financial information materials, corporate governance materials, subsidiary information materials, special materials of investors in limited partnership enterprises, etc.;

　　(9) documents certifying the ownership or right to use the domicile (business premises);

　　(ten) long-term development strategy and planning, business plan, foreign investment plan, capital and financial management, risk management and internal control and other major systems;

　　(eleven) information construction report;

　　(twelve) legal opinions;

　　(13) Anti-money laundering materials;

　　(14) A statement on the authenticity of the materials;

　　(fifteen) other materials stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 9 Where an insurance group company is established by renaming, the insurance company to be renamed shall submit the following materials to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in the preparatory stage:

　　(1) An application for renaming, which shall specify the name, organizational form, registered capital, domicile (business premises), business scope, preparatory organization, contact person and contact information of the company to be renamed;

　　(2) Feasibility study report, including feasibility analysis, renaming method, corporate governance and organizational framework, development strategy, risk management and internal control system, and solvency assessment of insurance companies before and after renaming;

　　(3) The name change plan, including the equity structure of the insurance group company to be established and its subsidiaries, the overall planning and operation process for rationalizing the equity relationship, the name and business category of the subsidiaries, etc.;

　　(4) The materials of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group, including the investor’s letter of confirmation on the appointment of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group and the proposed chairman and general manager, the basic information of the person-in-charge of the preparatory group, the personal approval certificate, the application form for the qualification of the proposed chairman and general manager, the identity certificate and a copy of the academic degree certificate;

　　(5) Draft articles of association of the insurance group company;

　　(six) the resolution of the shareholders’ (general) meeting of the insurance company to change its name and establish an insurance group company;

　　(7) The audited financial report and solvency report of the insurance company in the last three years;

　　(eight) the business license after the name change;

　　(9) documents certifying the ownership or right to use the domicile (business premises);

　　(ten) long-term development strategy and planning, business plan, foreign investment plan, capital and financial management, risk management and internal control and other major systems;

　　(eleven) information construction report;

　　(twelve) legal opinions;

　　(13) Anti-money laundering materials;

　　(14) A statement on the authenticity of the materials;

　　(fifteen) other materials stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 10 Where an insurance group company is established, the promoters or the insurance company to be renamed shall submit the following materials to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission at the opening stage:

　　(1) An application for starting business, including the company’s name, domicile (business place), legal representative, registered capital, shareholding structure, business area and business scope, and the list of directors, supervisors, senior managers and key position managers to be proposed.

　　(2) If the establishment is initiated, the resolution of the founding meeting shall be provided; if there is no resolution of the founding meeting, the documents or resolutions of all investors agreeing to apply for business opening shall be submitted; In case of renaming, the resolution of the shareholders’ (general) meeting shall be provided.

　　(3) Articles of association of the insurance group company and rules of procedure of the shareholders’ (general) meeting, the board of directors and the board of supervisors.

　　(4) If the establishment is initiated, a capital verification report shall be provided; If the company adopts the method of renaming its establishment, it shall provide the asset appraisal report, customer and creditor rights protection plan and employee rights protection plan to be injected into the newly established insurance subsidiary.

　　(5) Development planning, including planning elements such as the company’s strategic objectives, business development, institutional development, solvency management, capital management, risk management and safeguard measures.

　　(6) Resumes of the directors, supervisors and senior managers to be appointed and the certification materials that meet the corresponding qualifications.

　　(7) The organizational structure of the company, including the establishment of departments and the basic composition of personnel.

　　(8) Asset custody agreement or letter of intent for asset custody cooperation.

　　(nine) the certificate of ownership or right to use the residence (business premises) and the fire safety certificate.

　　(ten) information construction report.

　　(eleven) the company’s internal management system.

　　(12) Business license.

　　(13) Relevant materials of investors, including financial information materials, tax payment certificates and credit records, information on the ownership structure, controlling shareholders and actual controllers, a statement of no record of major violations of laws and regulations, and a commitment letter for investment in self-owned funds.

　　(14) Anti-money laundering materials.

　　(15) A statement on the authenticity of the materials.

　　(sixteen) other materials stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 11 To establish an insurance group company, it shall register with the market supervision and management department in industrial and commercial registration and obtain a business license.

　　An insurance group company shall be approved by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission before it can carry out relevant business activities. After approval by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, an insurance license shall be issued.

　　The time limit for examination and approval of the establishment of insurance group companies shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of insurance companies.

　　Chapter III Operating Rules

　　Article 12 The business of an insurance group company is mainly equity investment and management.

　　Insurance group companies should use their own funds to carry out major equity investments. Major equity investment refers to the investment behavior of controlling the invested enterprise.

　　Article 13 An insurance group company shall abide by the requirements of laws, administrative regulations and other regulatory provisions in its insurance business, equity management and use of insurance funds.

　　Article 14 On the basis of respecting the operational autonomy of independent legal persons of subsidiaries and other member companies, insurance group companies shall make overall management of the equity investment of the whole group to prevent disorderly expansion.

　　Article 15 An insurance group company may invest in the following insurance enterprises:

　　(1) Insurance companies;

　　(2) Insurance asset management institutions;

　　(3) specialized insurance agencies, insurance brokerage agencies and insurance assessment agencies;

　　(four) other insurance enterprises approved by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 16 An insurance group company may invest in non-insurance financial enterprises.

　　The book balance of major equity investments made by insurance group companies and their subsidiaries in domestic non-insurance financial enterprises shall not exceed 30% of the consolidated net assets of the group at the end of last year.

　　Article 17 An insurance group company and its subsidiaries shall, in principle, not hold more than one share when investing in an enterprise with the same main business in the same financial industry.

　　Article 18 An insurance group company may invest in non-financial enterprises related to insurance business as stipulated in Article 56 of these Measures.

　　Except for non-financial enterprises and project companies established for investment in real estate as stipulated in Article 56 of these Measures, the shareholding ratio of an insurance group company to other single non-financial enterprises shall not exceed 25%, or it shall not have a significant impact on the enterprise.

　　Article 19 The total book balance of major equity investments made by insurance group companies and their financial subsidiaries in domestic non-financial enterprises shall not exceed 10% of the consolidated net assets of the group at the end of last year.

　　Non-financial enterprises included in the calculation scope of the preceding paragraph refer to the first-level non-financial enterprises invested by insurance group companies and their financial subsidiaries in China.

　　The non-financial enterprises mentioned in this Article do not include the project companies established by insurance group companies and their financial subsidiaries for investing in real estate, and the shared service subsidiaries mainly providing services for insurance groups as stipulated in Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 56 of these Measures.

　　Article 20 An insurance group company may make overseas investments.

　　The book balance of major equity investments made by insurance group companies and their domestic subsidiaries in overseas entities shall not exceed 10% of the consolidated net assets of the group at the end of last year.

　　The overseas entities included in the calculation of the preceding paragraph refer to the first-level overseas entities invested by insurance group companies and their domestic subsidiaries abroad.

　　The book balance of an insurance group company and its domestic subsidiaries investing in a single overseas non-financial entity shall not exceed 5% of the consolidated net assets of the group at the end of the previous year.

　　The overseas entities specified in this article do not include the project companies established by insurance group companies and their domestic financial subsidiaries for investing in real estate.

　　Chapter IV Corporate Governance

　　Article 21 An insurance group company shall, in accordance with the requirements of laws, administrative regulations and other regulatory provisions, establish a corporate governance framework that meets the following requirements:

　　(1) Covering all member companies of the Group;

　　(2) Covering all important matters of the Group;

　　(3) properly identify and balance the conflicts of interest between the member companies and the group as a whole and among the member companies.

　　The contents that the governance framework should pay attention to include but not limited to:

　　(1) Standardized governance structure;

　　(two) the appropriateness of the ownership structure and management structure;

　　(3) Clear boundaries of responsibilities;

　　(4) Financial soundness of major shareholders;

　　(5) Scientific development strategy, values and good social responsibility;

　　(6) Effective risk management and internal control;

　　(7) Reasonable incentive and restraint mechanism;

　　(8) Perfect information disclosure system.

　　Article 22 An insurance group company shall respect the operational autonomy of its subsidiaries and other member companies as independent legal persons, make overall management of the group’s human resources, financial accounting, data governance, information system, capital utilization, brand culture and other matters, strengthen business collaboration and resource sharing within the group, establish a risk management, internal control compliance and internal audit system covering the whole group, and improve the overall operational efficiency and risk prevention capability of the group.

　　Article 23 An insurance group company shall not abuse its control position or take other improper measures to damage the legitimate rights and interests of its subsidiaries and other stakeholders in the process of performing its management functions.

　　Article 24 An insurance group company shall organize the formulation of the overall strategic plan of the group, regularly evaluate the implementation of the strategic plan, and adjust and improve the strategic plan according to the actual development and changes in the external environment.

　　An insurance group company shall, according to the overall strategic planning of the group, guide its subsidiaries to formulate development strategies and business plans. An insurance group company shall set up or designate corresponding functional departments to regularly monitor and evaluate the implementation of the development strategy and business plan of its subsidiaries and put forward management opinions to ensure the realization of the overall objectives of the group and the responsibility objectives of its subsidiaries.

　　Article 25 An insurance group company shall reasonably determine the size and membership of the board of directors according to its own management needs.

　　Article 26 The board of directors of an insurance group company shall set up a special committee according to relevant regulatory requirements and actual conditions, and exercise such functions as auditing, nomination and remuneration management, strategic management, risk management and related party transaction management.

　　Article 27 An insurance group company shall guide its subsidiaries to establish a standardized corporate governance structure according to the overall strategic planning of the group and the management needs of its subsidiaries and the principles of compliance, simplification and high efficiency.

　　If the subsidiary is a listed company, the corporate governance shall conform to the listing rules and the regulatory requirements of the listed company.

　　Article 28 An insurance group company shall, while promoting the good operation of its shareholders’ (general) meeting, board of directors and board of supervisors in accordance with the law, strengthen decision-making support and organizational management for different levels and types of meetings of its subsidiaries.

　　An insurance group company shall establish or designate corresponding functional departments to provide support and services for the directors and supervisors of its subsidiaries to perform their duties. Directors and supervisors of subsidiaries shall be responsible for their performance of duties in the board of directors or the board of supervisors according to law.

　　Article 29 An insurance group company may, after filing with China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, exempt its insurance subsidiaries from the regulatory requirements on independent directors and special committees of the board of directors if it meets the following conditions:

　　(1) The insurance group has a sound corporate governance structure and an effective corporate governance mechanism, and has established a system of independent directors and special committees of the board of directors in accordance with relevant regulatory provisions;

　　(2) The insurance group company has established an effective control mechanism for its insurance subsidiaries.

　　In the event that an insurance subsidiary exempted in the preceding paragraph fails in its corporate governance mechanism or suffers from corporate governance defects, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may revoke the exemption as appropriate.

　　Article 30 An insurance group company shall have a concise, clear and penetrating equity structure.

　　An insurance group shall establish an organizational structure and management structure suitable for its strategic planning, risk status and management ability, so as to achieve a reasonable level of equity control of the insurance group company and its subordinate member companies, a clear and transparent organizational structure and a clear management structure.

　　Article 31 In principle, the level of equity control between an insurance group company and its financial subsidiaries shall not exceed three levels, and the level of equity control between its non-financial subsidiaries shall not exceed four levels. The calculation of the level of equity control is based on the level of the insurance group company. Special purpose entities that do not conduct business or actually operate, and project companies established to invest in real estate may not be counted in the above-mentioned equity control level.

　　Article 32 In principle, the member companies of an insurance group shall not cross-hold shares, and subsidiaries and other member companies shall not hold the shares of an insurance group company.

　　Article 33 In principle, the senior managers of an insurance group company may concurrently serve as the senior managers of at most one insurance subsidiary.

　　In principle, senior managers of subsidiaries and other member companies shall not concurrently hold positions with each other.

　　Article 34 An insurance group company shall establish and improve the performance evaluation system for directors, supervisors and senior managers covering the whole group.

　　An insurance group company shall establish a scientific and reasonable salary management mechanism and performance appraisal system that is compatible with the group’s development strategy, risk management, overall benefits, job responsibilities, social responsibilities and corporate culture.

　　Article 35 An insurance group company shall establish a unified internal audit system, conduct independent and objective supervision, evaluation and suggestions on the financial revenue and expenditure, business operation, internal control and risk management of the group and its member companies, and guide and evaluate the internal audit work of its subsidiaries.

　　If an insurance group company implements centralized or vertical management of internal audit, its subsidiaries may entrust the insurance group company to carry out internal audit.

　　Chapter V Risk Management

　　Article 36 An insurance group company shall integrate the group’s risk management resources, establish a comprehensive risk management system and a scientific and effective risk early warning mechanism that are suitable for the group’s strategic objectives, organizational structure and business model, and effectively identify, measure, evaluate, monitor and control the overall risks of the group.

　　Insurance group risks include but are not limited to:

　　(1) General risks, including insurance risk, credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, reputation risk and strategic risk;

　　(2) Unique risks, including risk contagion, opaque organizational structure, concentration risk, non-insurance risks, etc.

　　Article 37 An insurance group company shall set up a risk management department independent of the business department, responsible for the formulation and implementation of the group’s comprehensive risk management system, and require all business lines, subsidiaries and other member companies to formulate their own risk management policies under the framework of the group’s overall risk preference and risk management policies, so as to promote the consistency and effectiveness of the insurance group’s risk management.

　　Article 38 An insurance group company shall formulate a risk preference system at the group level, define the risk level that the group is willing and able to bear in the process of achieving its strategic objectives, determine the risk management objectives, and the risk tolerance and risk limit of the group for various risks.

　　The risk preference system shall be implemented after the approval of the board of directors, and shall be reviewed, revised and improved every year.

　　Article 39 An insurance group company shall, according to the overall development strategy and risk preference of the group, allocate various risk indicators and risk limits, and establish an over-limit disposal mechanism. The risk preference, risk tolerance and risk limit of subsidiaries and other member companies shall be coordinated with those of the Group.

　　An insurance group company shall monitor the implementation of the risk management system of the group as a whole, its subsidiaries and other member companies, and may require the member companies to adjust the risk limit based on the group risk limit when necessary.

　　Article 40 An insurance group company shall establish an information system to meet the needs of group risk management, ensure that it can obtain relevant information of group risk management accurately, comprehensively and timely, conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of various risks, and effectively identify, evaluate and monitor the overall risk status of the group.

　　Article 41 An insurance group company shall manage the concentration risk of the group on the basis of consolidated statement, and establish and improve the policies, procedures and methods of concentration risk management, so as to identify, measure, monitor and prevent different types of concentration risks of the group as a whole and its member companies.

　　The concentration risk of insurance group refers to the risk that a single risk or risk combination of member companies may directly or indirectly threaten the solvency of the group after aggregation at the group level; Including but not limited to counterparty concentration risk, insurance business concentration risk, non-insurance business concentration risk, investment asset concentration risk, industry concentration risk, regional concentration risk, etc.

　　Article 42 An insurance group company shall establish and improve the firewall system in fund management, business operation, information management and personnel management within the group to prevent risk transmission among the member companies of the insurance group.

　　When conducting business collaboration among insurance group member companies, the risk-taking subjects shall be clearly defined in the form of contracts according to law, so as to prevent unclear risk responsibilities, cross-infection and conflicts of interest.

　　Article 43 An insurance group company shall establish policies and procedures for monitoring, reporting, controlling and handling related party transactions and internal transactions of the whole insurance group, so as to prevent possible improper interest transfer, delayed exposure of risks, regulatory arbitrage, risk contagion and other negative impacts on the stable operation of the insurance group.

　　The internal transactions of an insurance group shall comply with the relevant provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on related party transactions and internal transactions.

　　Article 44 An insurance group company shall strengthen the overall management of the group’s external guarantee, and clarify the conditions, amount and approval procedures of the external guarantee.

　　An insurance group company can only provide guarantees to its insurance subsidiaries, and the balance of external guarantees provided by the insurance group company and its subsidiaries shall not exceed 10% of the company’s net assets at the end of the previous year.

　　Article 45 An insurance group company shall establish a stress test system suitable for its risks, conduct stress tests on the overall liquidity and solvency of the group on a regular basis, and apply the test results to the formulation of business management decisions, emergency plans and recovery and disposal plans.

　　Article 46 An insurance group company shall strengthen the information security protection of group customers, guide and urge its subsidiaries and other member companies to carry out the collection, transmission, storage, use and sharing of customer information in accordance with the principles of legality, justness and necessity, and strictly fulfill their information protection obligations.

　　Chapter VI Capital Management

　　Article 47 An insurance group company shall establish and improve a capital management system covering the whole group, including a capital planning mechanism, a capital adequacy evaluation mechanism, a capital restraint mechanism and a capital replenishment mechanism, so as to ensure that the capital is suitable for the asset scale, business complexity and risk characteristics, and can fully cover all kinds of risks faced by the group.

　　Article 48 An insurance group company shall, according to the company’s development strategic objectives, industry conditions and relevant state regulations, make targeted capital plans for the insurance group company and its financial subsidiaries for at least the next three years, and ensure the feasibility of the capital plans.

　　Article 49 An insurance group company shall set appropriate capital adequacy targets according to the group’s development strategy, business planning and risk preference.

　　Insurance group companies and their financial subsidiaries should establish a capital adequacy assessment mechanism that is suitable for their own risk characteristics and business environment, regularly assess their capital status, ensure that insurance group companies and their insurance subsidiaries meet the solvency supervision requirements, and the capital status of non-insurance financial subsidiaries continues to meet the requirements of financial supervision departments, and maintain the asset-liability ratio of non-financial subsidiaries at a reasonable level to achieve safe and stable operation of the group.

　　Article 50 An insurance group company shall establish a capital restraint mechanism within the group to guide its subsidiaries and other member companies to strictly abide by the capital restraint indicators, pay attention to prudent operation and strengthen risk management in formulating development strategies and business plans, designing products and using funds.

　　Insurance group companies shall strengthen the management of assets and liabilities, keep the debt scale and term structure reasonable and appropriate, and keep the asset structure and liability structure reasonably matched.

　　Article 51 An insurance group company shall establish a capital replenishment mechanism suitable for the development strategy and business planning of its subsidiaries and other member companies, maintain the group’s capital adequacy by strengthening business management, improving internal profitability, equity or debt financing, and strengthen cash flow management to fulfill its capital contribution obligations to its subsidiaries and other member companies.

　　Article 52 An insurance group company may issue qualified capital instruments according to laws, administrative regulations and other regulatory provisions, but the double leverage ratio shall be strictly controlled. The double leverage ratio of insurance group companies shall not be higher than the relevant requirements of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　The term "double leverage ratio" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the ratio of the book value of the long-term equity investment of an insurance group company to the owner’s equity; Book value refers to the book balance minus impairment reserve.

　　Chapter VII Management of Non-insurance Subsidiaries

　　Article 53 The term "non-insurance subsidiaries" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the domestic and overseas subsidiaries directly or indirectly controlled by the insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries, which do not belong to the insurance enterprises specified in Article 15 of these Measures.

　　Article 54 An insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries directly or indirectly invest in non-insurance subsidiaries, which should be conducive to optimizing the group’s resource allocation, exerting synergy, enhancing the overall specialization level and market competitiveness of the group, and effectively promoting the development of the main insurance industry.

　　The term "direct investment" as mentioned in this chapter refers to the behavior of insurance group companies and their insurance subsidiaries to invest in the name of investors and hold the equity of non-insurance subsidiaries; The so-called indirect investment refers to the behavior of insurance group companies and their non-insurance subsidiaries at all levels to invest in the name of investors and hold the equity of other non-insurance subsidiaries.

　　Investing in non-insurance subsidiaries should follow the principle that substance is more important than form. In essence, the investment carried out by an insurance group company or its insurance subsidiaries shall not evade supervision by indirect investment through non-insurance subsidiaries in violation of regulations.

　　Article 55 An insurance group company shall establish a sound internal management system, define the authority, process and responsibility for the management of non-insurance subsidiaries, and implement the main responsibility for the management of non-insurance subsidiaries.

　　Article 56 An insurance group company may directly or indirectly invest in non-insurance subsidiaries, and the specific types include:

　　(1) A shared service subsidiary that mainly provides information technology services, auditing, policy management, catastrophe management, property management and other services and management for insurance group member companies;

　　(2) Other non-insurance subsidiaries established by carrying out major equity investment according to the regulatory provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on the use of insurance funds;

　　(3) Other subsidiaries as stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 57 Where an insurance group company directly invests in a non-insurance subsidiary of shared services, it shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) The corporate governance mechanism is sound and running well;

　　(2) At the end of the previous period, the comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio was above 150%, and the core solvency adequacy ratio was above 75%;

　　(three) the use of its own funds to invest, the source of funds in line with laws, administrative regulations and regulatory requirements;

　　(4) The non-insurance subsidiary with shared services to be invested mainly provides shared services for the insurance group;

　　(5) China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission’s regulatory provisions on major equity investments.

　　Insurance group companies may not indirectly invest in non-insurance subsidiaries of shared services.

　　Article 58 An insurance group company investing in a non-insurance subsidiary of shared services shall report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission for examination and approval, and provide the following materials:

　　(a) the materials that should be submitted for the major equity investment required by the relevant regulatory provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission;

　　(2) Specific plans for sharing services or management, institutional arrangements for risk isolation, and relevant measures for protecting the rights and interests of insurance consumers, etc.

　　The direct investment of insurance group companies in non-insurance subsidiaries other than shared services shall be implemented in accordance with the regulatory provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on major equity investments.

　　Where an insurance group company indirectly invests in a non-insurance subsidiary, the insurance group company shall report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission within 15 working days from the date of signing the sponsor agreement or investment agreement.

　　Article 59 The direct investment of an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries in non-insurance subsidiaries shall conform to the internal decision-making procedures stipulated in laws, administrative regulations, regulatory provisions and its articles of association, and be approved by its shareholders’ (general meeting), board of directors or its authorized institutions.

　　Indirect investment in non-insurance subsidiaries shall be reported to the board of directors of the insurance group company or its insurance subsidiaries.

　　Article 60 An insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries shall, through the management of the directly controlled non-insurance subsidiaries, ensure that other non-insurance subsidiaries invested or acquired by non-insurance subsidiaries comply with the relevant requirements of these Measures.

　　Article 61 An insurance group company shall strengthen the management of trademarks and shop names, and clarify the specific ways and authorities for non-insurance member companies to use their own trademarks and shop names, so as to avoid the transmission of reputation risks.

　　Article 62 An insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries shall not provide guarantees for the debts of non-insurance subsidiaries, and shall not provide loans to non-insurance subsidiaries, unless otherwise stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 63 An insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries may not invest in non-insurance subsidiaries by taking joint liability for the debts of the invested enterprise.

　　When an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries subscribe for shares of non-insurance subsidiaries or securities such as stocks and bonds issued by them, they shall abide by the regulatory provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on the use of insurance funds.

　　Where an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries make commitments to increase investment or provide capital assistance to non-insurance subsidiaries in the future, they shall comply with relevant regulations and be approved by their shareholders’ meeting, the board of directors or their authorized institutions.

　　Article 64 An insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries shall establish an outsourcing management system, specifying the scope, contents, forms, decision-making authority and procedures, follow-up management, rights, obligations and responsibilities of outsourcing parties, etc.

　　The term "outsourcing" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the behavior that an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries entrust some business activities or management functions that were originally handled by themselves to non-insurance subsidiaries or institutions outside the group for continuous processing.

　　Article 65 Where an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries outsource their business or functions, they shall conduct a risk assessment and be reviewed and approved by its board of directors or the agency authorized by the board of directors, so as to ensure that the entrusted party providing outsourcing services has good and stable financial status, high technical strength and service quality, complete management ability and strong ability to deal with emergencies.

　　When outsourcing, an insurance group company and its insurance subsidiaries shall sign a written contract with the trustee, specifying the outsourcing content, form, service price, customer information confidentiality requirements, rights and obligations of all parties, and liability for breach of contract. In the process of outsourcing, we should strengthen the risk monitoring of outsourcing activities, regularly review the performance of outsourcing business and functions in the annual risk assessment, conduct risk exposure analysis and other risk assessments, and report to the board of directors.

　　Insurance group companies and their insurance subsidiaries shall report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission 20 working days before the signing of the outsourcing contract. According to the risk status of the outsourcing behavior, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can take measures such as risk warning, meeting and talking, supervision and inquiry.

　　Article 66 An insurance group company shall submit the annual report of its non-insurance subsidiaries to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission before April 30th every year. The report shall include the following contents:

　　(a) the overall situation of investment in non-insurance subsidiaries, including the number, level, business classification and operation, control, important internal control and risk management system of non-insurance subsidiaries;

　　(2) The equity structure diagram of non-insurance subsidiaries, including the hierarchy and calculation of non-insurance subsidiaries, and the equity proportion of insurance group companies and their insurance subsidiaries directly or indirectly investing in non-insurance subsidiaries, etc.;

　　(3) Basic information of the main senior managers of non-insurance subsidiaries;

　　(4) Risk assessment of non-insurance subsidiaries, including major related party transactions and major internal transactions, outsourcing management, firewall construction and asset-liability ratio of non-financial subsidiaries, etc.;

　　(5) The insurance group’s holding of changes in equity, a non-insurance subsidiary, and the reasons;

　　(six) other matters required by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　The annual report of the non-insurance subsidiaries of the insurance group shall be submitted by the insurance group company.

　　Chapter VIII Information Disclosure

　　Article 67 An insurance group company shall, in accordance with the requirements of laws, administrative regulations and other regulatory provisions, follow the principles of completeness, accuracy, timeliness and effectiveness, and disclose information in a standardized manner.

　　Article 68 An insurance group company shall, in addition to disclosing its basic information according to the relevant regulatory provisions on information disclosure of insurance institutions, also disclose the basic information of the group as a whole, including:

　　(a) the ownership structure between the insurance group company and its subsidiaries at all levels;

　　(2) Basic information such as the name, registered capital, paid-in capital, shareholding structure and legal representative of the non-insurance subsidiary;

　　(3) Other matters stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 69 An insurance group company shall, in addition to disclosing its major events in accordance with the relevant regulatory provisions on information disclosure of insurance institutions, also disclose the following major events that have occurred in the group:

　　(1) Risk events that have a significant impact on the Group;

　　(two) other matters stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.　

　　Article 70 An insurance group company shall prepare an annual information disclosure report, which shall at least include the following contents in addition to the company’s annual information disclosed in accordance with the relevant regulatory provisions on information disclosure of insurance institutions:

　　(1) Financial and accounting information under the consolidated caliber of the previous year;

　　(2) solvency information of the previous year;

　　(3) Major internal transactions between consolidated member companies of the insurance group in the previous year, except those that have been disclosed by member companies according to laws, administrative regulations and other regulatory requirements;

　　(4) The overall risk management status of the Group in the previous year;

　　(five) other matters stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 71 An insurance group company shall post the basic information, major events and annual information disclosure report of the company and the group as a whole on the company website.

　　If the basic situation changes, the insurance group company shall update it within 10 working days from the date of change.

　　In the event of a major event, the insurance group company shall issue a temporary information disclosure announcement within 15 working days from the date of the event.

　　The annual information disclosure report shall be released before April 30th of each year, unless otherwise stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　The disclosure of information related to solvency shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of the solvency supervision rules of insurance companies.

　　Article 72 Relevant information that has been disclosed by a listed insurance group company in accordance with the information disclosure requirements of listed companies may not be disclosed repeatedly.

　　Chapter IX Supervision and Administration

　　Article 73 On the basis of supervision by a single legal person, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission conducts comprehensive and continuous consolidated supervision on the capital, finance and risks of insurance groups, and identifies, measures, monitors and evaluates the overall risks of insurance groups.

　　Based on consolidated supervision, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can adopt direct or indirect supervision, and comprehensively monitor the risks of all member companies of insurance groups through insurance group companies or other regulated member companies according to law, and take corresponding measures when necessary.

　　The financial management department shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities for financial supervision, supervise the insurance group companies and their financial member companies.

　　Article 74 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission follows the principle that substance is more important than form, and determines the scope of consolidated supervision of insurance groups on the basis of control and taking into account the risk correlation.

　　Article 75 An insurance group company and its subsidiaries shall be included in the scope of consolidated supervision.

　　In addition to the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph, the following institutions invested by insurance group companies shall be included in the scope of consolidated supervision:

　　(1) The risks or losses generated by the invested institution are sufficient to have a significant impact on the financial position and risk level of the insurance group;

　　(2) Other invested institutions established through complicated equity design such as domestic and overseas subsidiaries and shell companies, which are actually controlled by the insurance group or have a significant impact on the operation and management of the institution.

　　Article 76 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has the right to determine and adjust the scope of consolidated supervision and put forward supervision requirements according to the changes in the ownership structure, risk categories and risk status of insurance group companies.

　　The insurance group company shall report the consolidated scope and management to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 77 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may require the following units or individuals to provide materials and information related to the operation, management and financial status of an insurance group company within a specified time limit:

　　(1) A member company of an insurance group;

　　(2) Shareholders and actual controllers of the insurance group company;

　　(3) Directors, supervisors and senior managers of insurance group companies;

　　(four) other units or individuals that China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission considers it necessary to provide relevant information.

　　China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can establish a tripartite meeting mechanism with insurance group companies and external auditors to learn about the insurance group’s corporate governance, risk prevention and control, and group management and control.

　　According to the Insurance Law and the relevant provisions of the financial supervision and coordination mechanism, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can ask the account opening banks, designated commercial banks, asset custody institutions, stock exchanges and securities registration and settlement institutions of the member companies of the insurance group to assist in the investigation.

　　Article 78 An insurance group company shall timely submit financial reports, solvency reports, consolidated supervision reports, reports of non-insurance subsidiaries and other relevant reports and other materials to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Article 79 In case of major events that affect or may affect the operation and management, financial status, risk control and customer asset safety of an insurance group company, or major changes in the organizational structure, management structure or equity structure of an insurance group company, the insurance group company shall immediately submit a report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, explaining the causes, current status, possible impacts and measures to be taken.

　　Article 80 If the capital adequacy level of the financial subsidiaries of an insurance group company fails to meet the requirements of the financial regulatory agency, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may require the insurance group company to ensure its capital adequacy by means of capital increase. If an insurance group company fails to implement the regulatory requirements, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can take corresponding measures according to law.

　　Article 81 If an insurance subsidiary of an insurance group company fails to meet the prudential supervision requirements stipulated by the financial regulatory agency, and its business or financial situation deteriorates significantly, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may require the insurance group company to take effective measures to help it resume its normal operation.

　　Article 82 If a non-insurance subsidiary significantly endangers the safe operation of an insurance group company or its insurance subsidiaries, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may require the insurance group company to make rectification.

　　Article 83 If the equity investment scope, proportion or equity control level of an insurance group company and its subsidiaries do not meet the regulatory requirements, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may take corresponding measures according to law.

　　Article 84 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may, based on the principle of prudential supervision, require insurance group companies to carry out stress tests covering the whole group on their solvency, liquidity and other risks, and take corresponding measures according to the results of the stress tests.

　　Article 85 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission may require an insurance group company to make a recovery and disposal plan according to its asset scale, business complexity and risk status. The recovery plan should ensure the sustainability of the important business of the insurance group in the face of crisis; The disposal plan should avoid the negative impact on the industry caused by the interruption of the operation of the insurance group and minimize the consumption of public capital.

　　Article 86 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission cooperates with other domestic regulatory agencies, shares regulatory information, coordinates regulatory policies and measures, and effectively supervises insurance group member companies to avoid regulatory vacuum and duplication.

　　China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission can carry out regulatory cooperation with overseas regulatory agencies by signing cross-border cooperation agreements or other forms, strengthen cross-border regulatory coordination and information sharing, and effectively supervise cross-border insurance groups.

　　Chapter X Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 87 The supervision and management of the merger, division, change, dissolution and business of insurance group companies, as well as the qualifications of relevant personnel, shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on insurance companies.

　　Article 88 These Measures shall apply to foreign insurance companies or foreign insurance group companies that set up insurance group companies as shareholders of insurance companies in China. If there are special provisions in the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-funded Insurance Companies and its detailed rules for implementation, those provisions shall prevail.

　　These Measures shall apply mutatis mutandis to insurance companies that have direct or indirect control over other insurance enterprises, but do not have the words "insurance group" or "insurance holding" in their names, and the first paragraph of Article 29 shall not apply.

　　Insurance groups recognized as systemically important financial institutions have special regulatory provisions, which shall prevail.

　　Article 89 The management of non-insurance subsidiaries directly or indirectly invested by insurance companies shall refer to the provisions of these Measures on non-insurance subsidiaries.

　　Except for branches of member companies of an insurance group, the unincorporated organizations of an insurance group shall be governed by the provisions of these Measures on member companies of an insurance group.

　　Article 90 The term "control" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the existence of one of the following circumstances:

　　(1) The investor directly or indirectly obtains more than half of the voting shares of the invested enterprise;

　　(2) The investor substantially owns more than half of the voting rights of the invested enterprise by signing agreements or other arrangements with other investors;

　　(3) According to the law or agreement, the investor has the power to actually control the behavior of the invested enterprise;

　　(4) The investor has the right to appoint or remove more than half of the members of the board of directors or other similar authority of the invested enterprise;

　　(five) the investor has more than half of the voting rights in the board of directors of the invested enterprise or other similar authority;

　　(6) Other circumstances under control, including those in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.33 — — The consolidated financial statements constitute a control situation.

　　When two or more investors are qualified to independently lead the decision-making, operation and management activities of the invested enterprise in different aspects, the party that can lead the activities that have the most significant impact on the return of the invested enterprise is regarded as forming control over the invested enterprise.

　　Article 91 The term "above", "at least" and "not less than" as mentioned in these Measures all include this number, and "exceeding" does not include this number.

　　Article 92 These Measures shall be interpreted by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　Article 93 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The Measures for the Administration of Insurance Group Companies (Trial) issued by the former China Insurance Regulatory Commission (No.29 [2010] of China Insurance Regulatory Commission) shall be abolished at the same time. Where the provisions of the Guidelines for Consolidated Supervision of Insurance Groups (No.96 [2014] of China Insurance Regulatory Commission) are inconsistent with these Measures, these Measures shall prevail.

In 2015, a professor from China Normal University found microplastics in our salt;

In 2017, microplastics was detected in bottled water, and only one brand among many tested brands was not found;

In 2018, as many as 9 kinds of microplastics were detected in human feces for the first time …

It turns out that each of us lives surrounded by marine garbage and other out-of-control garbage!

There is so much marine garbage that we can no longer turn a blind eye to it.

In the distance, the garbage patch in the North Pacific is so big that someone wants to apply for establishing a country to join the United Nations.

Nearby, as long as we leave the city and go to the fields,

You can see the garbage at the head of the ditch. As long as there is a river,

It has a chance to travel long distances into the ocean.

The sea is always impartial. If you care for it, it will give you a deep blue.

You throw rubbish at it, and it returns you to the pervasive microplastics.

Welcome to discuss where the marine garbage comes from and where it should go!

Topic of this issue

Chairman of Shanghai Rendu Marine Public Welfare Development CenterLiu yonglong

Graduated from Fudan University in 1997, resigned as a state-owned enterprise and has been engaged in the investigation and treatment of marine garbage.Where does the marine garbage come from? How to govern? What is the annual variation law of marine garbage? Which enterprises or individuals are the chief culprits of these rubbish?Welcome questions.

▍What is microplastics?

Q: How much garbage is there in the ocean?

Liu Yonglong:"There are more than 5 trillion pieces of plastic products floating in the ocean", "About 8 million tons of garbage belongs to the ocean every year" and "More than 20 million tons of waste plastics are directly discarded without treatment and eventually enter the ocean"-we can see the answers to this question from different angles, but no one can make it clear, because it is impossible for us to fish up the garbage in the ocean, weigh it or count it one by one.

Q: Is there more domestic garbage or industrial garbage in marine garbage? What are the main things of industrial waste?

Liu Yonglong:At the stage of marine garbage, it seems that industrial garbage and domestic garbage can’t be distinguished. We can only identify a few plastic bags and shoes, and we can barely identify some brands of garbage (about 11%), but we can’t tell which ones are industrial garbage.

Q: What is microplastics?

Liu Yonglong: According to the "Research Report on Some Typical Beach Garbage Monitoring in China (2017)" to be released by Shanghai Rendu Marine Public Welfare Development Center, microplastics can be roughly understood as follows:

Plastic garbage is gradually broken into plastic fragments in the marine environment. Due to long-term physical and chemical effects in the environment, such as weathering, solar radiation (photodegradation, embrittlement) or waves, these fragments will be cracked into plastic fragments or particles with a diameter less than 1cm or even lower. When the diameter is less than 5mm, it can be defined as marine microplastics.

From the genetic point of view, microplastics in marine environment can be divided into primary microplastics and secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics refers to small-sized plastic particles that are prepared into micron-sized particles at the beginning of industrial production, such as plastic beads added in industrial resin raw materials, toothpaste and cosmetics. Secondary microplastics refers to plastic particles which are cracked by large plastic fragments exposed to the environment (wind, waves, ultraviolet rays or from tire wear or clothing fibers). For example, discarded fishing lines can be cracked into ocean microplastics in the ocean. And microfibers from washing clothes.

Q: What are the hazards of those people who finally arrive in microplastics? And whether microplastics in water can be removed by the existing technology?

Liu Yonglong:At present, there is little research on microplastics’s harm to human body, probably because of ethical issues and so on, and the conclusion is not clear. However, I have seen information that it is harmful to people’s immune system, because plastics can absorb toxic substances such as POPS in water and release them into the human body, and plastics themselves will release some substances. It is possible to remove microplastics in the prior art, but the cost is hard to estimate. On the one hand, the ecological cost will remove microorganisms while removing microplastics; On the one hand, the economic cost is so great that no one can try it. Therefore, to solve the problem, it is still at the source of the problem or not far from the source.

Q: Petrochemical industry ~ microplastics ~ Plasticizer, oil is the culprit?

Liu Yonglong:I quite agree with your perspective. My point is that our mineral products are so cheap that we can take out so much oil and coal to produce plastics, especially so many disposable plastics, and we can’t cherish the use of resources. If oil and coal are more expensive, we will choose to produce more durable things instead of cheap and short-lived products.

▍ Making and Discarding Garbage, China No.1

Q: Where does marine garbage come from? Which parties caused it?

Liu Yonglong:There is only one party, that is, people, and it is a specific person. However, who is this specific person? It can’t be traced unless she/he is caught throwing garbage at the seaside. We can reflect on ourselves. Am I one of them? Did I throw away the garbage somewhere?

Generally speaking, marine garbage has two sources: land source and sea source. According to experts’ estimation, 80% of the land resources and 20% of the sea resources are the 28 th rule again! 🙁

Another German scholar has studied that 15 great rivers have made great contributions and carried a lot of garbage into the sea. We have the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River and Heilongjiang in China … There are also studies, and China is marine garbage NO.1 There are many people and strength, and making and discarding garbage is also a big brother: (

Q: What kind of garbage does Haiyuan refer to?

Liu Yonglong:A large number of fishing gear such as plastic buoys used in offshore aquaculture will be lost, and the offshore fishing industry will discard a large number of broken fishing nets. The shipping industry may directly discard the domestic garbage on board into the sea; Submarine cables may be damaged and abandoned; The construction and operation of drilling platform will produce domestic garbage and production garbage; Tsunamis, typhoons, etc. destroy coastal communities and produce a lot of various kinds of garbage …

Q: Apart from offshore operations, is there any dumping in the United States?

Liu Yonglong:The sources of marine garbage include offshore operations and dumping in the United States. However, 80% of marine garbage comes from land and is mainly carried by rivers. It is said that among the 8 million tons of garbage entering the sea every year, China contributes NO.1, and the Yangtze River contributes NO.1 to 15 rivers. We are not happy when others talk about China, so we talk about the United States in a confrontational way. Will it help solve the problem? It’s not Chinese or Americans who spoil the earth and self-destruct the foundation of existence, it’s people! On environmental issues, we must jump out of national boundaries, see the common destiny and reflect on ourselves.

Q: How much of the marine garbage can be recycled?

Liu Yonglong:How many? The answer should be a number. However, how did you get this figure? We can’t give a figure for the total amount of garbage in the ocean, so we can’t answer this question accurately. The recycling of marine garbage is more difficult. The collection, classification, transportation and cleaning … all need financial support. Can the final income make up for this cost? My judgment is impossible. According to recycling experts, 97% of garbage can be recycled, and this figure can be used for reference on the premise that there are no technical and economic obstacles.

Q: The garbage in the express delivery industry is amazing. There is a lot of plastic garbage attached to it. What can be done to change it?

Liu Yonglong:My personal way to change is to basically not purchase online and try to purchase in a physical store.

Some people are trying to optimize the technology and equipment of express delivery and reduce the use of plastic and plastic belts. Technical problems, technical cows are trying to solve them.

▍ Reduce garbage manufacturing from the source.

Q: How to treat marine garbage? What should I do after collecting and picking up? I think it is not only marine garbage, but also how to deal with domestic garbage at ordinary times. This year, I saw garbage sorting buckets and publicity in the community, but I don’t know how the effect is. My old mobile phones and computers are kept at home, and I don’t know what to do with them.

Liu Yonglong:When we talk about marine garbage treatment, we mean that the whole society should participate in dealing with the problem of marine garbage together and establish a system for marine garbage treatment. This governance is not the same as the governance of the Yellow River we talked about before. For the treatment of marine garbage, we have put forward a framework diagram of the treatment system. Please refer to the upcoming Monitoring and Research Report on Some Typical Beach Garbage in China (2017).

After collecting and picking up, we will ask the sanitation to transport it away, so that the garbage can return to the conventional disposal channels. We are also trying to hand over the recyclable garbage such as plastic bottles and cans to the waste recycling station for recycling.

As for the classification of community garbage, we can take part in it, so as to follow up and experience it. Only by participating in social change can we promote social change. Just watching and waiting for social change, I am afraid we have no sense of accomplishment.

Q: What is the general scope of marine garbage treatment? Who will be responsible for the scope beyond the sea and beyond?

Liu Yonglong:At present, there is no person in charge of marine garbage in the offshore, only some commercial beaches, and there will be businesses that operate bathing places, hotels and docks to clean them up. Far away, especially on the high seas, there is no government or commercial organization responsible. However, there is a Dutch foundation called cleanupocean, which is determined to clean up half of the garbage in the Pacific Ocean. Personally, I am not very optimistic, but I have not fully understood how they are going to achieve it. I will share it after I study it:)

Q: At present, are there any substantive clean-up measures for marine pollution by the relevant organizations of marine protection in the world?

Liu Yonglong:Yes! On the third Saturday of September every year, it is International Beach Cleanup Day (ICC). ICC coordinators from nearly 150 countries and regions around the world organize local ICC activities to carry out clean-up activities on beaches, sea surfaces and seabed to substantially clean up marine debris. My institution, Shanghai Rendu Ocean Public Welfare Development Center, is the ICC coordinator in Chinese mainland. Since 2015, every year, ICC Day and Ocean Day (June 8) will organize nationwide joint actions to clean up beaches.

Finally, I want to say that marine garbage can’t be solved by cleaning up. We believe that we must reduce the production of garbage by controlling consumption.

Q: Is there any special fund for treating marine garbage?

Liu Yonglong:The responsibility to control marine garbage is broken down in many departments and supported by some funds, but as a non-governmental organization, we can’t get special funds from the government finance, which is the case at present.

Q: What specific laws and policies are there to regulate the treatment of marine plastic waste in China? Should specific and clear plastic management regulations be issued to deal with plastic waste pollution? If so, what is the focus of the regulations?

Liu Yonglong:There is no law to deal with the problem of marine plastic waste treatment directly. Plastic waste pollution, as a problem, has not been specified and has not become the goal of law. Corresponding laws should be promulgated. Personally, I would expect the law to focus on controlling the use of plastics, increasing the cost of plastic use, and reducing the use of plastics to a reasonable position through market mechanisms to avoid unnecessary use of plastics.

Q: As an ordinary person, is there any practical way to help reduce marine garbage?

Liu Yonglong:Yes! First of all, make sure that all your garbage is thrown into the trash can, and it will not become out of control and will not fall on the streets, fields and beaches; Secondly, when you see out-of-control garbage, you might as well pick it up and throw it into the trash can; Once again, when you see someone throwing away garbage or leaving it behind, remind them to pick it up and throw it into the trash can; Further, control consumption and reduce the production of garbage.