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　　Pakistani officials recently said in an interview with the media that the escalating unrest in Afghanistan may intensify drug smuggling activities and will also aggravate the drug problem in Pakistan.

　　According to the Nikkei Asian Review reported on July 10th, akbar Durani, the federal secretary of Pakistani anti-drug department, expressed his concern in an interview with the magazine. Durani believes that Afghanistan is one of the main challenges facing Pakistan’s drug control. "If Afghanistan does not achieve political stability, it may aggravate the problems we have already encountered." Durani said, "Political stability is very much needed."

　　So far, the Doha peace talks brokered by the United States have made little progress. However, Durani stressed that the future is full of uncertainties, and a political solution may still bring the drug problem in Afghanistan under control.

　　The Nikkei Asia Review pointed out that Pakistan has long been a destination for drug production in Afghanistan, but the war has led to a sharp increase in drug production and smuggling. At present, the scale of drug economy in Afghanistan is much larger than that when the United States invaded 20 years ago. Even if the Taliban seize power and end the conflict, it may not be able to curb the drug trade, which has become an important part of the Afghan economy and provides income for many Afghans.

　　In addition, if it seizes power, the Taliban may be sanctioned and isolated by the international community, forcing it to rely on drug trafficking and other illegal activities to obtain income.

　　Durani said that it is not clear whether the Taliban can control drugs, but he pointed out that the organization did manage to "control" drugs when managing the government. In 2000, the Taliban banned poppy cultivation.

　　Afghanistan is currently the largest opium producer in the world. According to United Nations data, Afghanistan’s opium production accounts for 85% of the global production in 2020. Opium produced in Afghanistan is exported as raw materials or processed into heroin and morphine for smuggling. Pakistan seized 8 tons of heroin in 2019, second only to Turkey and Iran.

　　In its latest World Drug Report, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime warned that poverty and unemployment related to the COVID-19 pandemic may "increase the attraction of illegal crop cultivation".

Cctv newsRecently, at the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, diplomatic envoys from 25 countries completed a five-day visit to Xinjiang. During this visit, many envoys came to Xinjiang for the first time. Zhang Bifen, Suriname’s ambassador to China, said that when she looked down at this yellow-green land from the plane, she began to look forward to seeing the development of Xinjiang.

On July 31, members of the delegation selected medicinal tea in the ancient city of Kashgar.

The urban and rural drinking water project in Jiashi County has guaranteed safe water use for 460,000 people. In this regard, Nicaraguan Ambassador to China Michael Rene Campbell Oak said that one of the most important achievements in poverty eradication is to provide people with safe drinking water, so he was deeply impressed by visiting such drinking water projects in Xinjiang. When he saw the development of local characteristic industries represented by Jiashi Xinmei, he affirmed the modernization of agriculture in China and saw the creativity of all ethnic groups contributing to modernization.

Martin Charles, Dominica’s ambassador to China, said in an interview that he did not see the so-called "forced labor" in Xinjiang. In Jiayi Village, Xinhe County, the envoys entered the farmers’ professional cooperative of folk handmade musical instruments and exchanged the inheritance of musical instrument making skills with local non-genetic inheritors. After watching the Twelve Muqams in Kuqa, he reiterated that the people in Xinjiang are happy. "I believe all the delegates enjoyed this performance, and this performance is an expression of the happiness of the people in Xinjiang."

On August 2, members of the delegation visited the training base of the pilot project of agricultural high-efficiency water saving and income increase in Shaya County.

In Shaya County, the envoys also personally visited the local intelligent agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises and the training base of the agricultural high-efficiency water-saving and income-increasing pilot project. Bachtiar, Iranian ambassador to China, said that in Xinjiang, he saw that mechanical equipment such as cotton harvesters played a great role in the production of cotton products, and he hoped that in the near future, he could cooperate in economy and culture. Ecuador Dolbecer, Counsellor of Mexican Embassy in China, also said that he hopes to establish contact with the great drone companies here and carry out more agricultural cooperation with China.

In Xinjiang Museum, the envoys saw cultural relics such as ceramics, textiles and historical documents. Erica Rizaldo, Minister Counsellor of the Peruvian Embassy in China, said that she felt that China, like her hometown, is a big country with many nationalities and cultures. She saw that China was trying to protect the ubiquitous culture here. When they experienced the traditional cuisine of Xinjiang in the international bazaar, she praised the people of Xinjiang as beautiful as the milk tea here.

On August 3rd, the Dean of the Islamic Academy introduced the curriculum for the members of the delegation.

Luis Sana, First Secretary of the Colombian Embassy in China, came to Xinjiang for the second time. He said that compared with his last visit to Xinjiang, he saw that the living standards of the people in Xinjiang had improved, which was very important. He gained a lot from his visit to Xinjiang this time, and he recognized China’s work in Xinjiang in recent years.

During the visit, the envoys also visited the ancient city of Kashgar, Aitigar Mosque, Pankou City, Kashgar Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Kizil Grottoes, Islamic Academy, Urumqi International Land Port Area and the "Theme Exhibition of Anti-terrorism and Depolarization Struggle in Xinjiang".

Ambassadors interviewed have said that they welcome more people to enter Xinjiang. "China is a very warm country, and Xinjiang is also a very warm place here. I will recommend them to come to Xinjiang.".

　　Cctv newsToday is World Hepatitis Day, and the theme of this year’s World Health Organization is "Detection and Treatment of Hepatitis". It is estimated that there are about 90 million hepatitis B virus carriers in China, of which about 28 million are chronic hepatitis B patients. Among patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatitis B infection is as high as 60% and 80% respectively.

　　National Health Commission released the knowledge points of viral hepatitis prevention and treatment yesterday. Key points: Targeted suggestions and information are put forward for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E, so as to enhance the awareness of prevention and treatment of the public and key groups and enhance their self-protection ability.

　　Eliminate the misunderstanding of hepatitis B and avoid infection in daily life.

　　The main points of knowledge introduce the types of viral hepatitis, the characteristics, transmission routes and preventive measures of each type of hepatitis. The clinical manifestations of various types of viral hepatitis are similar, with fatigue, loss of appetite, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function in the acute stage, and jaundice in some cases; Chronic infected people may have mild symptoms or even no clinical symptoms.

　　How do different hepatitis spread?

　　Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are transmitted through digestive tract.Pollution of water source or food can cause outbreaks, and paying attention to diet and drinking water hygiene can effectively prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis E..

　　Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood, mother to child and sex.The transmission route of hepatitis D is similar to that of hepatitis B, and it can only be infected at the same time or on the basis of hepatitis B virus infection.Hepatitis B will not be transmitted through food, and daily work or life contact, such as shaking hands, hugging and eating together, will not spread hepatitis B.

　　All patients with viral hepatitis should avoid alcohol abuse, smoking, irrational drug use and other behaviors that aggravate liver damage.People with suspected symptoms of viral hepatitis or susceptible to infection should take the initiative to check in medical institutions. Patients with viral hepatitis should follow the doctor’s advice, carry out standardized treatment, and avoid taking drugs on their own or trusting false advertisements.

　　Can you still work and live normally with hepatitis?

　　The main points of knowledge put forward that efforts should be made to eliminate social discrimination against hepatitis B infected people. China clearly requires that,All kinds of educational institutions and employers at all levels are not required to carry out hepatitis B project testing in the physical examination of citizens’ enrollment and employment., shall not be required to provide hepatitis B project test report, and shall not ask whether it is a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen.

　　In addition to the special occupations approved and announced by the National Health and Wellness Committee,The health examination shall not detect hepatitis B items unless required by the examinee, and the employing unit shall not refuse to recruit (employ) or dismiss or dismiss workers on the grounds that they carry hepatitis B surface antigen.. Moreover, hepatitis B is not among the diseases that hinder food safety, and hepatitis B carriers can obtain health certificates and work in contact with directly imported food. Persons suffering from hepatitis A and hepatitis E shall not engage in the work of directly serving customers before being cured.

　　The cure rate of hepatitis B is improved, and mother-to-child blocking is basically realized.

　　With the development of medicine, hepatitis B has been a disease that can be treated and controlled. The viral load can be controlled through antiviral treatment, which greatly reduces the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The latest research shows that some patients can achieve a clinical cure rate of 30% to 50% by adopting optimized treatment schemes.

　　Mother-to-child transmission is the main mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus in China, and it is also one of the main challenges faced by hepatitis B prevention and control. About 50% of hepatitis B patients in China are caused by mother-to-child transmission, and more than 90% of adult cirrhosis and liver cancer are infected with hepatitis B virus in infancy. At present, the "zero transmission" project of mother-to-child hepatitis B is promoted nationwide, and pregnant women with high hepatitis B virus level are intervened with antiviral drugs in the third trimester. According to the project experience, the expert consensus of "Clinical Management Process of Mother-to-child Blocking of Hepatitis B" will be promoted nationwide.

　　Yang Xizhong, Executive Vice President and Secretary General of China Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Foundation:At present, more than 15 thousand cases have been done, and the number of doctors (in the field of mother-to-child blocking) has reached 1.5 thousand, and more than 130 hospitals are carrying out it, which has achieved good results. At present, the mother-to-child blocking rate is 99.3%, basically achieving zero transmission.

　　"Invisible Killer" Hepatitis C can be cured early.

　　In addition to the familiar hepatitis B, hepatitis C is also a common and neglected chronic hepatitis in China. The data show that there are about 71 million people infected with hepatitis C virus in the world, about 7.9 million cases infected with hepatitis C virus in China, and about 200,000 cases infected with hepatitis C reported in the national epidemic situation of legal infectious diseases in recent five years. Like hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C infection is also one of the main causes of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

　　The incidence of chronic hepatitis C is very hidden and the symptoms are not obvious, so the diagnosis rate is low. Most patients with chronic hepatitis C have developed into the late stage of chronic hepatitis C at the time of diagnosis, so they are called "invisible killers". Different from hepatitis B, if only hepatitis B surface antigen is positive, transaminase is normal, and liver lesions are mild, it can be temporarily left untreated, but hepatitis C is just the opposite. Once infected, its damage to the liver will continue. Therefore, high-risk groups with a history of unsafe blood contact should be tested for hepatitis C in time.

　　Wang Guiqiang, Chairman of Infectious Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association.：Some iatrogenic invasive tests, such as repairing and filling teeth in irregular medical institutions and doing some micro-plastic surgery, may be the transmission route of hepatitis C, so I hope such people can go to the hospital for screening.

　　It is not difficult to detect hepatitis C. We can judge whether we are infected with hepatitis C virus by detecting hepatitis C virus antibody and hepatitis C virus RNA in blood. Hepatitis C is also different from hepatitis B in that it is a treatable viral disease. At present, the cure rate of hepatitis C can reach more than 90%, and the clinical cure can even reach 100% if treated early.

On June 14th, the "Lion Leopard Hair" – Sea Lion 07EV & Seal 06DM-i listing tasting meeting was officially held in Nanjing. Many media guests, car owners and friends gathered at the scene to witness the two new cars of BYD Ocean Gemini – Sea Lion 07EV & Seal 06DM-i. The two new cars are deeply tied to the new e-platform 3.0 and the fifth-generation DM technology, bringing users a more solid, reliable and convenient green travel experience.

As a new generation of e-platform 3.0 Evo star model of BYD, the Sea Lion 07EV has attracted much attention once it was launched due to its young and fashionable appearance, strong performance, rich configuration and affordable price. The new platform brings together the world’s first CTB vehicle safety architecture, the world’s first 12-in-1 intelligent electric drive, the world’s first intelligent wide temperature range high-efficiency heat pump, the world’s first global intelligent fast charging, and the world’s first intelligent motion control five latest technology clusters. Among them, 23000rpm global mass-produced highest speed motor, intelligent up-current fast charging technology, intelligent terminal fast charging technology, super iTAC and other breakthrough technologies are all installed on the Sea Lion 07EV, making it safer, more efficient and smarter. It has the extraordinary strength of the "Almighty King".

As a blockbuster model empowered by BYD’s fifth-generation DM technology, the SEAL 06DM-i has a comprehensive cruising range of 2100km at full power, a fuel consumption of only 2.9L at a 100-kilometer power loss, and provides users with 80km and 120km (CLTC working conditions) two battery life options. The SEAL 06DM-i adopts a new marine aesthetic design to create the most beautiful medium-sized car that is more in line with young people’s aesthetics. The new car is built on BYD’s new generation plug-in and hybrid vehicle platform, and has comprehensive product strength in design, space, driving experience, etc. With its advantages of new technology, high value, and new platform, it has launched an impact on traditional fuel cars, reshaped the value benchmark of medium-sized cars, and brought higher-quality new energy travel options to young users.

At the event, with the wonderful opening performance, the listing tasting session also gradually kicked off. Tian Binyuan, the regional manager of BYD Automotive Ocean Network’s Su-Shanghai Theater and Su-Peking University District, delivered a warm speech. He said: "The joint listing of Ocean Gemini will lead Ocean Network to sweep the mid-to-high-end model market. The new generation of these two’Wang fried new cars’ positioned in the mid-tier tram market will also bring users a larger ride space, safer, smarter, more efficient and more comfortable travel experience."

Under the eyes of the friends at the scene, the two models were unveiled. The two models continue the marine aesthetic design concept, showing the elegant and avant-garde fashion characteristics, the whole car lines are elegant and flexible, with perfect body proportions, young, dynamic, fashionable and elegant, more in line with the aesthetic trend of young people.

At the event, Cheng Aiwu and Xie Yuan from FM105.8 were specially invited to share their views and experiences on the stage. The two teachers said that the launch of the new generation of intelligent dual stars on Ocean Network will undoubtedly inject new vitality into the new energy vehicle market, further enrich the market structure, and provide more high-quality choices for the majority of users who pursue green and intelligent travel.

The Sea Lion 07EV and the Seal 06DM-i Gemini partner achieved a comprehensive leadership from technology to product to experience, building a new way for the new generation of urban users to travel in all scenarios. As the press conference drew to a close, relevant BYD leaders, car owner representatives and on-site media guests took a group photo. The camera froze a face full of joy and expectation to record this highlight moment together.

BYD’s Haishi 07EV and Haibao 06DM-i have significant competitive advantages in the current automotive market environment. They have won wide recognition and love from consumers with their leading technological innovation, affordable price positioning and strong brand recognition. In the future, with the continuous development and growth of the new energy vehicle market, BYD will continue to maintain its leading position and bring more high-quality and high-performance new energy vehicle products to consumers.

Source: Correspondent, Feng Yue

Editor: Ding Yi

Proofreading: Xiong Xiangning

Review: Cang Shujun

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 13th Question: Why are IKEA "self-exploding" glasses still being sold without warning?

　　Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Feng Songling Tan Huiting

　　Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court recently made a final ruling on the case of "a woman injured by the bursting of an IKEA cup", and upheld the first-instance judgment that IKEA compensated the injured Ms. Wang for various losses totaling more than 40,000 yuan.

　　The reporter found that many netizens reported that IKEA glasses exploded from time to time, and several glasses that had experienced the phenomenon of "self-explosion" were still sold on IKEA shelves, and no safety tips were found in the sales places. In this regard, experts call on enterprises to make explanations and safety warnings to consumers in a significant way as soon as possible to reduce the occurrence of similar problems.

　　The woman was stunned by the explosion and claimed that millions of IKEA refused to pay the bill.

　　In the early morning of May 20, 2017, a "Steiner" glass cup bought by Beijing consumer Ms. Wang from Beijing IKEA Xihongmen Store suddenly exploded when she was ready to drink cold boiled water. Ms. Wang was stunned on the spot and woke up to find a broken front tooth. According to the diagnosis records of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Ms. Wang "has a 2.0×1.5 cm wound surface in her lips, and the crown of one front tooth is broken and exposed." Subsequently, Ms. Wang called the IKEA customer service center several times, but did not get a positive response from IKEA. In April 2018, Ms. Wang sued IKEA Beijing Xihongmen Store to the Daxing District Court in Beijing, demanding compensation for medical expenses, follow-up treatment fees and mental damages totaling more than 1 million yuan. In the first instance, the court ruled that IKEA should return Ms. Wang’s shopping money, 3.9 yuan, and compensate Ms. Wang for medical expenses, lost time and other losses of more than 40,000 yuan.

　　Ms. Wang believes that in recent years, there have been many cases of glass self-explosion in IKEA, and IKEA still sells products knowing that they are defective, and there is fraud. IKEA believes that this "Steiner" glass meets the national standards, and Ms. Wang can’t prove that the glass is sold by IKEA. Both sides are dissatisfied. In October this year, Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court made a final judgment, rejected the appeals of both parties and upheld the original judgment.

　　The problem glass is still on sale, and it frequently "explodes" without warning.

　　So, is the "Steiner" glass qualified? Why did it explode?

　　The reporter logged into IKEA official website and learned that this glass is "made of tempered glass, which is very strong and resistant to falling and heat." Ikea also said that tempered glass "carries about five times as much as ordinary glass" and "the sharp fragments produced after breaking will be much less than ordinary glass, thus reducing the risk."

　　Wang Xiaodi, a material expert at University of Science and Technology Beijing, said that tempered glass forms compressive stress on the glass surface by chemical or physical methods. When the glass bears external force, it first counteracts the surface stress, thus improving the bearing capacity and enhancing the wind pressure resistance, cold and heat resistance and impact of the glass itself. However, he introduced that self-explosion is one of the inherent characteristics of tempered glass.

　　"Due to quality defects such as stones, impurities and bubbles in the processing process, or defects such as scratches, cracks and deep explosion caused by improper operation, it is easy to cause stress concentration and lead to self-explosion." Wang Xiaodi said that according to the current industry experience, the self-explosion rate of ordinary tempered glass is 1‰ -3‰ About.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that the problem of IKEA glass self-explosion occurred from time to time. Miss Lin, a Guangdong netizen, bought the "Bockel" glass at IKEA Foshan Shopping Mall in Guangdong two months ago, and suddenly blew herself up during her nap. "There is glass in the whole room even on the bed"; Mr. Wu, a Beijing consumer, bought the same glass from IKEA Xihongmen Store and suddenly burst in the middle of the night. "The glass slag flew out more than two meters"; The same glass purchased by a restaurant in Beijing in 2014 suddenly exploded without being used, and a restaurant manager stabbed his finger … …

　　Recently, reporters visited IKEA chain stores in Beijing Xihongmen Store, IKEA Shanghai Xuhui Shopping Mall and other places, and found that different brands of glasses made of tempered glass are still sold normally in the kitchen supplies area, and the product shelves are marked with conspicuous fonts as "very strong, resistant to falling and heat".

　　In this regard, the customer service of IKEA Shanghai Xuhui Store told reporters that "tempered glass has a certain probability of self-explosion. If this happens, consumers should go to the shopping mall return center with a small ticket or purchase record, and the processing result will be subject to the scene." The staff of the IKEA store in Foshan, Guangdong Province said that the glasses of IKEA have passed the tests of IKEA, IKEA suppliers and third-party quality inspection institutions, and are in compliance with the laws and regulations of all countries in which they are sold. However, she said that Guangfo Store will make a more prominent explanation when selling the glass. In case of explosion, the shopping mall will negotiate with consumers according to the principle of return and exchange.

　　On November 8th, when interviewed by reporters, IKEA Home Headquarters once again stressed that the relevant products meet the national quality and safety standards, and there are tips on the characteristics of tempered glass products in official website and related areas of the shopping mall. However, IKEA has not made a positive response to the reporter’s question about whether it is necessary to take safety warnings and other measures.

　　How should consumers respond after the glass bursts?

　　So, how much responsibility does IKEA have to bear in such incidents? How should injured consumers protect their rights?

　　Chen Yinjiang, Deputy Secretary-General of China Consumer Rights Protection Law Research Association, believes that IKEA’s replies all emphasize that the products it sells meet the quality and safety standards, while weakening the characteristics of tempered glass products. In fact, product safety tips are as important as their usage and product performance. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests clearly stipulates that operators have the obligation to remind consumers in a significant way. "Commodities with certificates of conformity are not necessarily free from quality problems." He said.

　　"The product information such as firmness, fall resistance and heat resistance is prominently marked, and the important information related to consumers’ personal safety is only hung on the website and relevant areas. From these two disclosure methods alone, we can see that enterprises pay more attention to sales profits and ignore the security obligations to consumers." Chen Yinjiang said that if the same kind of tempered glass product has burst problems continuously, it should be considered whether its products meet the quality requirements, which may lead to safety accidents when consumers use it normally.

　　"The Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that if an operator finds that the goods or services provided by him are defective and endanger personal and property safety, he shall immediately report to the relevant administrative department and inform the consumer, and take measures such as stopping sales, warning, recall, harmless treatment, destruction, and stopping production or service." Wang Hui, a Beijing Jingshi Law Firm, believes that both the injuries suffered by Ms. Wang and the witness testimony and related photos of several netizens indicate that some glasses of IKEA have quality defects and are in danger of damaging consumers’ rights and interests, and IKEA should stop selling or recall them according to law.

　　"Once injured, consumers can ask IKEA to compensate reasonable expenses such as medical expenses, nursing expenses and transportation expenses according to law. If the negotiation fails, consumers can jointly entrust a qualified testing agency with the enterprise to test the products, or they can complain to the Consumers Association or the market supervision department. " Chen Yinjiang said that if a product is found to have quality problems, the enterprise should bear relevant responsibilities such as civil compensation.

To further strengthen animalsH7N9Avian influenza prevention and control work, comprehensively strengthen epidemic investigation and virus monitoring, and deal with emergencies in a timely manner. Our department organized and formulated the "Animals"H7N9Avian Influenza Emergency Monitoring Program and AnimalsH7N9Guidelines for Emergency Disposal of Avian Influenza (Trial) are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2013yearfourmoonsevensun

animalH7N9Avian influenza emergency monitoring program

I. Purpose of monitoring

Grasp and understandH7N9The source, host range, transmission route and harm degree of avian influenza virus in animal groups; In order to clear the animal population in timeH7N9The pathogen of avian influenza provides scientific basis.

Second, the monitoring scope

(1) Core monitoring area

Human infection has occurred.H7N9Avian Influenza Cases and Animals Confirmed by National Avian Influenza Reference LaboratoryH7N9Avian influenza positive provinces.

(2) Key monitoring areas

Provinces adjacent to the core monitoring area.

(3) General monitoring area

Provinces outside the above two types of monitoring areas.

Third, the monitoring object

Chickens, waterfowl (ducks and geese) and artificially raised pigeons and quails; Wild birds; Live pigs.

Fourth, the number of monitoring

(1) Live poultry trading market

Each market collects not less thanthirtyThe corresponding blood samples, throat and cloacal swabs of each poultry should cover as many kinds of poultry and stalls as possible.

Each province in the core monitoring area collects all live poultry trading markets, and each county (city, district) in the key monitoring area collects at least.oneA live poultry trading market, other monitoring areas in each place (city, state) at least collection.oneA live poultry trading market.

(2) Poultry slaughterhouses

Each poultry slaughterhouse collectsthreeMore than 10 poultry groups, and each poultry group is collected.thirtyCorresponding blood samples, throat and cloacal swabs of 10 poultry.

All poultry slaughterhouses are collected in each province in the core monitoring area, and at least in each province in the key monitoring area.10A poultry slaughterhouse, other monitoring areas at least collected in each province.fiveA poultry slaughterhouse.

(3) Poultry farms (villages)

Each poultry farm (village) shall collect not less thanthirtyThe corresponding blood samples, throat and cloaca swabs of each poultry should cover as many poultry houses (households) as possible.

Each county (city, district) in the core monitoring area shall collect at leastthirtyPoultry farms (villages); Each province in the key monitoring area shall collect at leasttwentyPoultry farms (villages); Other monitoring areas shall be collected at least in each province.10A poultry farm (village).

Once the pathogen test results of samples collected by poultry farms (villages) are positive, all poultry farms (villages) in the county where the farm (village) is located shall be monitored.

(4) Habitat of wild birds

Collect fresh feces of wild birds. Collect throat and cloaca swabs from wild birds that can be captured.

(5) Pig slaughterhouse

Each slaughterhouse shall collect nasal swab of pigs at least.thirtyShare. Each province in the core monitoring area shall collect at leasttwentySlaughterhouse, the key monitoring area of each province at least collection.10Slaughterhouse, other monitoring areas at least collected in each province.fiveA slaughterhouse.

(6) Others

Each province shall determine the sampling quantity of environmental samples at the above-mentioned sites by itself.

V. Detection methods

(1) Serological detection

Using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, detection of serumH7Hemagglutinin antibody of subtype avian influenza virus. Refer to Diagnostic Techniques for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (GB/T 18936–2003).HIThe experiment was carried out,HIAntibody level ≥2^fourThe result was positive.

(2) Pathogenic detection

Recommended by the Ministry of AgricultureRT–PCROr fluorescenceRT–PCRDetection method: throat and cloaca swab samples are detected.H7Subtype avian influenza virusHAGene fragment. According to the recommended reagent (box) instructions.

VI. Monitoring Time

do all one can to do sth2013yearfourFinish before the end of the month.

VII. Division of tasks

The Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for organizing the implementation, the China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center is responsible for work coordination and data collection and analysis, and the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory is responsible for providing technical support and diagnostic reagent supply.

The provincial veterinary administrative department is responsible for organizing the implementation of the monitoring work in this area, the provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for the pathogen detection, and the city and county animal disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for the serological detection, and may also entrust relevant units to carry out the detection.

VIII. Relevant requirements

(a) the implementation of the express system for positive results.Positive samples were detected by serology of animal disease prevention and control institutions at city and county levels, and sent to provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions for pathogen detection, with positive results.2Report to the competent veterinary department at the same level within hours. Provincial animal epidemic disease prevention and control institutionsoneReport the positive results to the provincial veterinary authorities and China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center within hours.24Send the positive samples to the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory within hours. China animal epidemic disease prevention control centeroneReport the situation to the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture within hours. The National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory immediately reported the diagnosis to the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture.

(two) the implementation of weekly reporting system for monitoring.Provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions every Monday.10The monitoring results will be summarized and reported to China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center through the National Animal Disease Monitoring and Epidemic Information System. China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center every Monday.twelveThe summary results will be reported to the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and copied to China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center.

(3) Carry out retrospective monitoring.China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center and provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions2012yearoneRelevant samples preserved since June, carried out.H7Retrospective monitoring of subtype avian influenza.

(4) Make a good record of sample collection.Standardize the filling of sampling records to ensure that the records are true, accurate and traceable. All samples should be registered, reviewed, signed and sealed step by step.

(5) Standardize the disposal of positive cases.Monitoring found positive, in strict accordance with the "animals"H7N9Guidelines for Emergency Disposal of Avian Influenza (Trial).

Contact information:

veterinary bureau of the ministry of agriculture

Contact: Wei Wu, Tel:010–59191401, fax:010–59192861;

China animal epidemic disease prevention control center

Contact: Fu Wen, Tel:010–59194601, fax:010–59194711;

China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center

Contact: Shen Chaojian, Tel:0532–85648038, fax:0532–85653716;

National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory

Contact: Deng Guohua, Tel:13946057836; Fax:0451–51997166.

animalH7N9Guidelines for Emergency Disposal of Avian Influenza (Trial)

I. Scope of application

This guide stipulates that animalsH7N9Positive confirmation, disposal, emergency epidemiological investigation and personnel protection of avian influenza.

Second, positive confirmation

H7Subtype reverse transcription–Polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) or fluorescent reverse transcription–Polymerase chain reaction (fluorescenceRT–PCR) test results are positive, forH7Subtype avian influenza virus infection is positive.

Provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions diagnosed asH7If the subtype avian influenza virus infection is suspected to be positive, it shall be sent to the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory to review the results. The National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory will carry out a review and other related work before making a diagnosis. According to the final diagnosis results, the Ministry of Agriculture confirmed thatH7Subtype avian influenza virus infection is positive.

Third, positive treatment

Infected group refers to the animal group where the positive samples are collected, including the following three types: one is the same animal in the farm, the other is the same poultry in the live poultry market, and the third is the same poultry in the rural area.

Diagnosed by provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions as followsH7If subtype avian influenza virus is suspected to be positive, all animals in the field (village) where the infected group is located shall be restricted from moving.

Confirmed by the Ministry of Agriculture asH7If the subtype avian influenza virus is positive, all animals in the infected group shall be culled, the culled animals and their products shall be treated harmlessly, strict disinfection measures shall be implemented for the internal and external environment of the infected group’s field (village), pollutants or suspected pollutants shall be treated harmlessly, and the polluted places and facilities shall be thoroughly disinfected. If the infected group is in the trading market or slaughterhouse, the trading market or slaughterhouse should be closed immediately. The trading market or slaughterhouse can only be opened after the provincial veterinary authorities and relevant departments have passed the analysis and evaluation.

Animals other than the infected group in the same field (village) shall be monitored again after the infected group is disposed of, and shall not be allowed to move until there is no positive infection.

Fourth, emergency epidemiological investigation

rightH7If subtype avian influenza virus infection is positive, emergency epidemiological investigation and etiological study shall be conducted with reference to the "Specification for Epidemiological Investigation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza".

V. Personal protection

In emergency response, personnel protection shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the Technical Specification for Personnel Protection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.

Every reporter | Zhu Wanping Every editor | Liang Xiao　　　　

The project has been completed for more than two years, but tens of millions of money have not been received so far — — Zhang Ming (pseudonym), an executive of Sichuan Shida Energy Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Sichuan Shida), an oil and gas construction engineering enterprise, is quite helpless. From last year to now, Sichuan Shida has defended its rights through legal means, and both trials have won, but the other party has not paid and has been reluctant to communicate positively.

The project payment owed to Sichuan Shida is Huasheng Huifeng Gas Transmission and Distribution Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huasheng Huifeng), the holding grandson company of listed company Tianhao Environment (SZ, 300332), and the project in dispute between the two parties is Zhonglian Coal Shenmu — Anping coalbed methane pipeline project (hereinafter referred to as Shen ‘an line). After the project is completed, it will provide gas source guarantee for winter peak shaving in five provinces and cities in North China.

In recent years, Tianhao environment has focused on gas business, and it has also made a "heavy note" on the Shen’ an line project — — Listed companies have set up joint ventures with China United Coal Company, a subsidiary of CNOOC, to jointly build and operate Shen ‘an Line, and the first phase of Shen ‘an Line (namely Shanxi — The total investment of Hebei section, the same below) exceeds 4 billion yuan. However, the reporter noted that the Shen ‘an line project was not approved by the National Development and Reform Commission until June this year, but some line projects were completed and ventilated as early as 2017, or there were cases of "unapproved construction".

"Money hasn’t been given, which has dragged us badly. Without money, we can’t do many things. " Zhang Ming pointed out that Huasheng HSBC was "Lao Lai". According to the second-instance judgment of Shanxi Higher People’s Court in July 2019, Huasheng HSBC has to pay 49.9 million yuan for Sichuan Shida Project and the corresponding interest.

What makes Zhang Ming even more angry is that in the past two years, Huasheng HSBC has been reluctant to communicate positively. "Now don’t even answer the phone. Not only the above (leaders) don’t answer the phone, but even the people below don’t answer the phone. "

The national business daily reporter noted that the dispute between the two sides was caused by the project contracting three years ago. In October 2016, Sichuan Shida and Huasheng HSBC signed "Shenmu — The general contract of the third and seventh tender sections of Anping coalbed methane pipeline project (Xingxian to Qicun section of Xinfu District, Shanxi Province) has a total contract price of 70 million yuan and 171 million yuan respectively, totaling about 240 million yuan.

Photo of the project contract provided by Sichuan Shida Source: Photo by reporter Zhu Wanping

Zhang Ming is very familiar with the whole project. He said: "After the contract was signed, we have been entering the construction site as agreed." In September 2017, two engineering tenders contracted by Sichuan Shida were completed and delivered. However, in 2017, Huasheng HSBC was in arrears in payment. "Every time we ask for it, they pay us millions like toothpaste. The absolute amount of project money owed to us is also growing. " Zhang Ming said.

After the delivery of the project, there were no results in asking for money many times. In October 2018, Sichuan Shida sued Huasheng HSBC and asked Huasheng HSBC to pay the remaining 80 million yuan of project funds and interest.

In the trial of two courts, Sichuan Shida won the case. In February 2019, Taiyuan Intermediate People’s Court ruled that Huasheng HSBC paid about 40 million yuan for the project and the corresponding interest. In this regard, both parties appealed until the judgment of the second instance.

Zhang Ming said that after the Shanxi Higher People’s Court made a judgment, Tianzhu’s environment has never paid the money, and there is no saying. "Now, there is basically no communication between us."

Tianhao Environment has also disclosed this lawsuit. In the semi-annual report of 2019 released at the end of August this year, the listed company stated that "Sichuan Shida sued Huasheng HSBC and Huasheng HSBC Shanxi Branch for contract disputes" and "the case is in the undecided stage of the second trial". The Shanxi Higher People’s Court made a second-instance judgment at the end of July, but Tianzhu Environment still called it "undecided" at the end of August, and no corresponding progress has been disclosed so far.

"We need to verify the situation, which may not meet the standard of separate disclosure." Recently, the reporter consulted as an investor, and an environmentalist in Tianzhu responded.

"As far as I know, (Huasheng HSBC) did not pay the judgment because of the problem of triangular debt." Xiao Shuangtian, general manager of Tianhao Environment, told national business daily that Sichuan Shida owed Shanxi Huifeng Xingye Gas Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as HSBC Xingye) more than 50 million yuan, while HSBC Xingye owed more than 30 million yuan to Tianhao Environment, and Tianhao Environment was sentenced to pay Sichuan Shida more than 50 million yuan (including interest). "Isn’t this a triangular debt? Originally, we were going to sue HSBC Societe Generale, but HSBC Societe Generale proposed that the three parties could offset each other first. " Xiao Shuangtian said.

"There is indeed a problem of triangular debt, and we also agree to offset it." On December 19, another senior executive of Sichuan Shida said that it was only in November this year that it was deducted under the coordinated implementation of the court. He also said that the deduction was not proposed by Huasheng HSBC, but the company found that several parties had debts with each other before finding the court and then implementing the deduction.

However, the executive said that up to now, after the debts of all parties were offset, Huasheng HSBC still owed Sichuan Shida more than 20 million yuan, and the amount owed by the other party was still not small.

Time axis of project payment dispute between Sichuan Shida and Huasheng HSBC

"I still owe some money after the offset." Wen Leijun, general manager of Huasheng Gas Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huasheng Gas) told reporters. Huasheng Gas holds 51% equity of Huasheng HSBC and is the largest shareholder of Huasheng HSBC. Wen Leijun said that at present, the triangular debt offset has just been completed and is being settled through negotiation.

The reporter noted that in addition to Sichuan Shida, Huasheng HSBC also owed debts to other construction units (Shen ‘an Line). In April this year, Huasheng HSBC was applied for property preservation by Sinopec Shengli Oil Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shengli Oil Construction) due to a contract dispute. Later, the two sides reached a settlement. Tianzhu Environment also disclosed in the semi-annual report that listed companies should pay about 47.88 million yuan to Shengli Youjian Shanxi Branch.

The dispute between Sichuan Shida and Huasheng HSBC is caused by Shen ‘an Line, and Tianhao Environment attaches great importance to this project, and listed companies have invested a lot of resources in this pipeline.

The entire Shen’ an line spans Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hebei provinces, with a total length of about 600 kilometers, starting from Shenmu City in Shaanxi Province in the west and Anping County in Hebei Province in the east, with an annual designed gas transmission capacity of about 5 billion cubic meters. The Shen’ an line is intended to connect the coalbed methane resources in the eastern edge of Ordos Basin with the gas market in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and transport natural gas dominated by coalbed methane.

Shen’ an line starts from Shenmu in the west and ends in Anping in the east, crossing Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Image source: Baidu map screenshot.

In fact, in recent years, the Tianzhu environment, which focuses on the layout of gas field, has "re-injected" the project. In September 2015, Tianzhu Environment spent 50 million yuan to acquire the entire equity of Huasheng Gas, a cross-border gas field. Up to now, natural gas supply and pipeline transportation business has accounted for half of the revenue of listed companies. The announcement information shows that the Shen’ an line pipeline project (Shanxi — Hebei section) The total investment is as high as 4.142 billion yuan. Once the Shen’ an line is completed, Tianhao environment can not only collect pipeline transportation fees, but also the company’s own gas business can earn profits through the price difference of natural gas.

Xiao Shuangtian once said that the construction and operation of Shen ‘an Line means far more than 8% of the pipeline transportation cost to Tianzhu environment. Tianhao environment will also carry out peripheral operations around pipelines and gradually realize the closed loop of natural gas industry chain.

Some insiders pointed out: "Energy transmission trunk lines such as Shen ‘an Line are generally obtained by large state-owned energy giants such as PetroChina and Sinopec." Then, how did Tianzhu environment get the "toon" of Shen ‘an Line Project?

"This matter was proposed by China United Coal to cooperate with us," Xiao Shuangtian told the reporter of national business daily. After the Shen ‘an Line was planned, "China United Coal proposed to cooperate with us."

The reporter noted that on November 8 last year, Huasheng Gas, the parent company of Huasheng HSBC, and China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as China United Coal), a subsidiary of CNOOC, signed the Joint Venture Contract for the Establishment and Operation of China Lianhuarui Gas Co., Ltd. to jointly establish a pipeline joint venture company, China Lianhuarui, to build and operate the Shen ‘an Line project. Zhonglian Huarui is 51% owned by Zhonglian Coal and 49% by Huasheng Gas. Huasheng Gas said in official website News that this means the pipeline construction of Shen’ an Line.Enter the formal implementation stage.”。

Tianhao Environment has disclosed that the company timely injected some completed gas pipeline assets of Huasheng Gas into Zhonglianhuarui, and the assets it refers to include the Shen ‘an Line Bid Project undertaken by Sichuan Shida and others.

In June this year, the National Development and Reform Commission officially approved the Shen ‘an Line project, and the project unit was Zhonglian Coal. At that time, Tianhao Environment once said: "The first phase of Shen ‘an Line approved by the National Development and Reform Commission, that is, from Lvliang, Shanxi to Anping, Hebei, has a total length of 543.87 kilometers". However, the reporter found that the "official implementation" of the Shen ‘an Line project, which was granted the "birth certificate" in June this year, may be much earlier than the time approved by the National Development and Reform Commission, and some lines of the project undertaken by Tianzhu Environment may have the problem of "unapproved construction first".

National business daily reporter noted that at the end of 2016, Shen ‘an Line was included in the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development and Utilization of Coalbed Methane (Coal Mine Gas) published by the National Energy Administration. In September 2017, the Shen ‘an Line Project obtained the national unified investment project code. The time when Huasheng HSBC started the external bidding was even earlier than the time when Shen ‘an Line was included in the relevant planning.

The approval of the project issued by the National Development and Reform Commission in June 2019

Image source: Screenshot of official website webpage of National Development and Reform Commission.

Examination and approval of various departments of Shen’ an line project

Image source: Screenshot of the National Online Approval and Supervision Platform for Investment Projects.

On April 25th, 2016, Huasheng HSBC sent a tender invitation letter to Sichuan Shida, and the tender project was named "CNOOC Unconventional Natural Gas gas transmission pipeline project — Caojiapo in Xing County, Shanxi Province to Qicun Section in Xinfu District ". There is such a text in the invitation to bid: "Project … … It was commissioned by CNOOC to build and manage Huasheng HSBC. " After Sichuan Shida won the bid, the name of the contracted project appeared "Zhonglian Coal". It was not until November 2016 that Zhonglian Coal submitted the Shen ‘an Line project to the National Development and Reform Commission for approval. In other words, Huasheng HSBC started bidding for the project before it was submitted to the National Development and Reform Commission for approval.

Invitation letter for bidding provided by Sichuan Shida Image source: Photo by reporter Zhu Wanping

The letter of acceptance provided by Sichuan Shida Image source: Photo by reporter Zhu Wanping

Regarding the question of whether the Shen ‘an Line project has not been approved for construction first, Chen Zuotao, chairman of Tianzhu Environment, told the reporter of national business daily: "I don’t know much about this matter if I want to ask Mr. Xiao (referring to Xiao Shuangtian)." Xiao Shuangtian denied it: "Our procedures are complete."

On December 20th, the reporter once again inquired about Tianzhu Environment as an investor. "Shenan Line (Shanxi — Hebei section) has a total length of more than 540 kilometers. After the completed pipeline of more than 200 kilometers is injected into China Lianhua Rui, it is also part of the Shen’ an line. " A person from Tianzhu Environment said.

"Shenan Line (Shanxi — The pipeline in Hebei section is divided into two parts, one is 200 kilometers built in the early stage, and the other is the pipeline to be built soon. " Tianzhu environment The person said,The 200-kilometer pipeline has been built mainly in the name of connecting lines."The procedures are all complete". The preparatory work for the new part has been completed and has not yet started. It is expected that the Shen’ an Line (Shanxi — Hebei section) will be completed in June 2020.　

In fact, in the actual construction, the environmental aspect of Tianhao has only been approved by the local government. At the end of December 2016, the Development and Reform Commission of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province issued the "Reply on the Approval of the Second Gas Source Connecting Line Project in Yuanping City" and approved some sections of the project. In other words, part of the first phase of the project is based on the project approval procedures issued by the local government. After the completion of the 200-kilometer pipeline, the first-phase project of Shen’ an Line as a whole was officially approved by the National Development and Reform Commission.

"On the surface, it is the gas project in Xinzhou and Lvliang, but it is actually the Shen’ an line." Zhang Ming said that the diameter of the gas pipeline approved by Xinzhou is D500mm and the design pressure is 4MPa, while Huasheng HSBC changed the diameter to D813mm and the design pressure is 8MPa during construction. The changed diameter and design pressure are completely consistent with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission for the Shen ‘an Line project.

In addition, the reporter noted that the National Development and Reform Commission requested in the approval document that "the project environmental impact assessment document shall not be started without examination and approval". However, it was not until October this year that the EIA report of the first phase of Shen ‘an Line was compiled by the relevant companies. "The EIA report was completed about a month ago, and they (Zhonglian Coal) should still be in the process now." A person who participated in the EIA of Shen’ an Line revealed.

The reporter of national business daily also sent an interview letter to Tianhao Environment about the arrears of the Sichuan Shida project payment and whether the Shen ‘an line project was suspected of "being built without approval", but there was no response. From December 19 to 20, the reporter also called a senior executive of Zhonglian Coal many times and sent the interview questions to his mobile phone in the form of text messages, but there was no response.

Cover image source: Photo Network

According to the WeChat official account news released by the Customs, Huangpu Customs recently launched a special campaign to crack down on the smuggling of "water passengers", busted a smuggling gang of water passengers, arrested 27 suspects, and seized a batch of luxury goods such as brand-name clothes, shoes and satchels suspected of smuggling on the spot, with a preliminary investigation value of 110 million yuan.

Recently, the anti-smuggling department of Huangpu Customs, based on clues, used Internet information, big data, customs data and other analysis and comparison, and found that many luxury brand clothing and other commodities sold on the Internet were of unknown origin and were suspected of smuggling.

The case-handling personnel traced the matter to the end and initially mastered a smuggling gang and its smuggling chain that colluded at home and abroad. Customs clearance gangs headed by Wang and Wu Mou, entrusted by domestic shippers, received luxury brand goods such as Gucci and Balenciaga purchased overseas in Hong Kong and Macao, recruited and organized water passengers to smuggle into the country, and then delivered them to domestic buyers by express mail, so as to evade customs duties.

After nearly half a year’s investigation and evidence collection, the anti-smuggling police repeatedly compared and confirmed a large amount of data and information, and mastered all the smuggling processes and the targets involved in the gang. Under the guidance of the General Administration of Customs and the Anti-smuggling Bureau of Guangdong Branch, the Huangpu Customs Anti-smuggling Bureau, in conjunction with the Anti-smuggling Bureaus of many places, has successively carried out two rounds of concentrated attacks on the water gangs and domestic customers involved in the case in Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Dongguan and Chengdu. A total of 27 suspects were arrested in the operation, and a large number of evidence materials, high-end clothing, shoes and bags, cosmetics, etc. were seized on the spot, involving a total of 347 goods, most of which were luxury clothing and shoes.

At present, the case is under further investigation.

　　CCTV News:According to the State Food and Drug Administration, food poisoning reports have been on the rise since the summer, and one of the main reasons is food poisoning caused by eating braised pork products and cold dishes with excessive nitrite. So, what is nitrite? How to cause food poisoning? What are the relevant standards and regulations? How should consumers and related food producers and operators prevent food poisoning caused by nitrite? Recently, china food and drug administration released the 13th issue of Food Safety Risk Analysis in 2016, and organized relevant experts to interpret nitrite.

　　1. Nitrite is a kind of nitrogen-containing inorganic compound ubiquitous in nature, which can be used as a food additive in meat products.

　　Nitrite and nitrate are common nitrogen-containing inorganic compounds in nature. Nitrogen cycle in nature and human activities constitute an important source of nitrate. In the process of nitrate formation, nitrite is often accompanied by the action of microorganisms. The common nitrites are mainly sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite, which are similar to salt in appearance, white to light yellow, powdery or granular, odorless, slightly salty, easily deliquescent and soluble in water.

　　Chinese first invented the use of nitrite to process livestock meat, which was used to extend the shelf life of meat. According to the scientific and technological volume of History of Song Dynasty, nitrite can be used for preserving and coloring bacon, and it was introduced to Europe in the 13th century.

　　Two, China and other countries in the world have clearly defined the limit and residue of nitrite in food.

　　The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of FAO and WHO (JECFA) stipulates that the daily allowable intake of nitrite is 0-0.2 mg/kg bw. All countries in the world also stipulate the limit of nitrite in food.

　　China’s national food safety standards have strict requirements on the use and safety management of nitrite, and it is safe to use nitrite according to the standards. The National Standard for Food Safety-Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulates that sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite can be used as color fixatives and preservatives in the processing of cured meat products, braised pork products in sauce and smoked meat, roasted meat, etc., and stipulates the maximum dosage and maximum residue. The Limit of Pollutants in Food (GB 2762-2012) stipulates the limit of nitrite residues in raw milk, packaged drinking water, pickled vegetables and other products. The Announcement of the former Ministry of Health and the former State Food and Drug Administration on Prohibiting Catering Service Units from Purchasing, Storing and Using Food Additive Nitrite (Announcement No.10 of the Ministry of Health in 2012) prohibits catering service units from purchasing, storing and using food additive nitrite (sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite).

　　Third, excessive intake of nitrite can lead to poisoning and even death.

　　Under normal diet, nitrite in human body is mainly transformed from nitrate in food and drinking water by bacteria in mouth and stomach. Studies have shown that nitrite can be reduced to nitric oxide through certain channels. Eating food containing low levels of nitrite can supplement nitrite in human body.

　　However, if a large amount of nitrite is ingested orally (by mistake or excessive intake) in a short period of time, it is easy to cause acute poisoning, and the low-iron hemoglobin with normal oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood is oxidized to methemoglobin, which loses its oxygen-carrying capacity and causes tissue hypoxia, which is called methemoglobinemia. When the intake reaches 0.2-0.5g, it can cause poisoning, and when the intake exceeds 3g, it can cause death. The characteristic manifestation of poisoning is cyanosis, and the symptoms and signs include headache, dizziness, fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cyanosis of lips, nails, skin and mucosa, etc. In severe cases, consciousness is hazy, fidgety, coma, respiratory failure and even death.

　　Four, common nitrite causes food poisoning.

　　According to the Circular of the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission on National Food Poisoning Events in 2015 (Guo Wei Ban Emergency Fa [2016] No.5), the main pathogenic factors of chemical food poisoning events in 2015 were nitrite and tetramine. Among them, there were 9 food poisoning incidents caused by nitrite, accounting for 39.1% of the total reported incidents. The occurrence of food poisoning caused by nitrite has nothing to do with sex and age, and there is no obvious seasonal and geographical distribution. Therefore, most of the poisoning sites are collective canteens and catering units.

　　There are four common causes of food poisoning caused by nitrite. First, because nitrite is similar to salt in appearance, it is the main cause of poisoning that nitrite is used or eaten as salt by mistake. Second, because many areas in our country have the habit of home-made processed meat products, eating meat products with excessive nitrite will also cause food poisoning. Third, the content of nitrite in vegetables that have been stored for too long, rotted or cooked for too long and just pickled will increase, which may easily lead to poisoning. Fourth, the well water in some areas contains more nitrate (called "bitter well water"). If the rice boiled with this kind of water is stored for too long, nitrate can be reduced to nitrite under the action of bacteria and lead to poisoning.

　　Therefore, experts suggest that:First, food production and operation enterprises should strictly abide by relevant laws and regulations.When using nitrite, food production and processing enterprises should strictly abide by the relevant provisions of the state, and set up special places for storage, strict labeling and use management. Under the premise of following the relevant standards, effective measures such as raw material control and production norms were taken to reduce the content of nitrite in food.Second, catering service units should strictly abide by relevant regulations and guard against food safety problems.Catering service units should strictly implement the relevant regulations prohibiting the purchase, storage and use of nitrite, especially strictly monitor the production process and storage environmental conditions of cooked meat products, and fundamentally eliminate the possibility of eating by mistake.Third, the regulatory authorities strengthen the management of nitrite production and use.The food safety supervision department should strengthen the supervision of the production and circulation of nitrite, prohibit the catering service units from buying and storing nitrite, and prohibit the use of industrial salt to prevent the occurrence of nitrite food poisoning.Fourth, consumers should strengthen their awareness of self-protection to prevent food poisoning caused by eating nitrite by mistake.Consumers are advised to buy salt sold through formal channels. Pay attention to eating fresh vegetables, and don’t eat vegetables that have been stored for too long or deteriorated. Leftover cooked vegetables should not be stored at high temperature for too long. It is best to cook and eat the food now. Try not to use "bitter well water" for cooking, and avoid long-term storage when it is necessary. In addition, when eating processed meat products, pickles and other foods, foods rich in vitamin C, tea polyphenols and other ingredients can be matched to reduce the toxicity of nitrite that may be contained.

Original Shanghai CDC Shanghai CDC

On December 16th, last year, three women’s teahouses in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province were cooking tea around the stove, and they were poisoned by hot chat with the windows closed. Fortunately, they were sent to the hospital in time to turn the corner. Six days later, six men in Anyang, Henan province were poisoned by eating charcoal hot pot, three were sent to hospital for emergency treatment, and three died unfortunately.

In just a few days, my best friend cooked tea in fright night, and my brothers had dinner and wept for two lines. The culprit of all this was the invisible killer-carbon monoxide (CO).

Current-saving version

1. The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are mainly headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, coma or even death may occur, and even if the rescue is successful, there may be sequelae of the central nervous system.

2. The main causes of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in this city include charcoal fire heating, charcoal fire diet, gas leakage and improper use of gas water heaters.

3. In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, evacuate the poisoned environment quickly, move to a well-ventilated place and seek medical treatment in time.

These symptoms appear in a closed environment, so be alert to carbon monoxide poisoning!

Carbon-containing substances will produce carbon monoxide when they are not completely burned. It is a colorless, odorless and non-irritating suffocating gas. If in a relatively closed and poorly ventilated environment, a certain amount of inhalation will cause carbon monoxide poisoning.

Mild poisoning is mainly manifested as headache, dizziness, limb weakness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. On the basis of the above symptoms, moderate poisoning may also cause flushing, cherry red skin and mucosa, sweating, palpitation, confusion and coma.

Severe poisoning patients can cause deep coma, obvious weakening or disappearance of various reflexes, pale or cyanosis of lips and face, incontinence, respiratory depression, blood pressure drop and even death. Even if the patients with severe poisoning are rescued successfully, there will be more serious sequelae of the central nervous system, that is, delayed encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.

Heating in winter, pay attention to prevention.

According to the monitoring data of Shanghai CDC in 2023, the main causes of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in this city are charcoal fire heating, charcoal fire diet, gas leakage and improper use of gas water heaters. Citizens should take daily precautions and install carbon monoxide alarm devices if possible.

Causes of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Shanghai in 2023

Part 1 charcoal heating

one

When using charcoal or coal for heating, pay attention to window ventilation. It is recommended to install exhaust equipment and turn it on when heating.

2

Avoid unsupervised burning of charcoal fire, and put it out before going to bed.

Part 2 charcoal diet

Whether it’s a steaming hot pot, an oily barbecue, or a new "food" cooking tea around the stove, we must pay attention to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when cooking food with charcoal fire.

one

Avoid using charcoal fire in a narrow space with poor ventilation, and remember to open doors and windows for ventilation during operation.

2

When eating out, you should choose a restaurant with good ventilation conditions and complete exhaust facilities. When eating, turn on the exhaust device and open the window for ventilation. If you have dizziness, nausea and other symptoms, you should evacuate as soon as possible.

three

Indoor stoves such as electric stove and alcohol stove should be selected, and charcoal fire should be avoided as far as possible.

Part 3 gas leakage

one

Regularly check whether the gas cooker is aging and whether the connecting hose is loose. When the gas equipment is abnormal or smells gas during use, stop using it immediately, open the window for ventilation, close the gas master gate and contact the gas company for maintenance.

2

After using the gas cooker, carefully confirm whether all the switches are turned off.

Part 4 improper use of gas water heater

one

To replace the water heater that has been used for more than a certain period of time, it is recommended to buy balanced or forced-discharge gas water heaters, and eliminate flue gas water heaters and direct-discharge gas water heaters. The gas water heater should be installed in a well-ventilated place, not in the bathroom or bedroom.

2

Regularly check whether the rubber hose of gas water heater is loose, aging or insect bite, so as to prevent air leakage.

three

Before using the gas water heater, check to make sure that the window in the room is open and well ventilated to ensure that the exhaust gas can be discharged to the outside.

What should I do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning

Once there are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, such as headache, dizziness, limb weakness, nausea, vomiting, etc., you should quickly open the doors and windows to ventilate and evacuate the scene.

On the premise of ensuring their own safety, the rescuer can take the poisoned person to a place with fresh air and good ventilation to lie on his side, loosen the collar of the poisoned person, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed and send him to the hospital as soon as possible.

Contributed by Sun Weiqi

Editor: Chen Xiangxiang

Review: Li Legend Yin Yan

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Carbon monoxide poisoning in this city mostly occurs in these four situations, and preventive measures have helped you sort out the original Shanghai CDC.

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Original title: "Carbon monoxide poisoning in this city mostly occurs in these four situations, and preventive measures have been arranged for you."

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