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　　Paparazzi was born out of O, and the "uncrowned emperor" was called "cultural hooligan" or "bitch reporter"

　　The shocking "Paparazzi", formerly known as Italian paparazzi, first appeared in 1958, and its official translation name should be "tracking photography team". In 1960, Italian director Ferini in the film "Sweet Life", the hero Masdouanni was a gossip journalist, who often went in and out of the upper class and searched for the theme. In 1963, Ferini’s Eight and a Half appeared again as a gossip journalist, which laid a vivid image of Paparazzi in people’s minds.

　　As for the Chinese translation "paparazzi", it was initiated by Hong Kong people. In the 1950s, the Criminal Intelligence Division of the Hong Kong Police Department was good at tracking cases, and was famous for its investigation methods of tracking and eavesdropping. These plainclothes criminal investigators (commonly known as O-Records) were nicknamed "Puppy Team", which meant that dogs used their keen sense of smell to track their prey.

　　This kind of investigation and tracking ability and method was later carried forward by reporters, tracking news figures, artists and celebrities day and night. Because of the long-term tracking and waiting, not one person can do it independently, so this group of reporters who make good use of the lens to capture the news that leaked from the net are collectively called "paparazzi".

　　After the 1950s, celebrity idolization became popular, and some nobles, political and business celebrities, athletes and performing stars became the objects of mass worship. The popularity of these idol stars depends on a lot of media exposure, but on formal occasions, they are all glamorous and boring over time, so the words and deeds and daily habits of the stars in private have become secrets that people are eager to peep at.

　　The essence of "paparazzi" is to explore "non-surface" news events, with the elements of follow-up and tracking, thus promoting the good development of society. However, the ultimate goal of "paparazzi" is to sell the reported "masterpieces" for money, and they are keen on using "carpet-style" interview methods, using hidden cameras or long lenses, or stalking the interviewees with "hanging boots" to hunt for indecent photos of celebrities everywhere, which makes people embarrassed and make a fool of themselves. There are countless celebrities who have been victimized by paparazzi’s dung-scraping methods, and there are records of chasing people’s lives. Diana, the British princess four years ago, was the victim of paparazzi interviews. Diana, Diana’s lover Fayyad and the driver all died together, which shocked the world, and the paparazzi’s behavior was once again reviled by the world. In mid-June, it was reported that Fayyad’s father still wanted to sue two paparazzi for killing his son after many years, which once again questioned the paparazzi’s interview methods.

　　Paparazzi members exposed themselves: high salary, stalking and beating, undercover, taking pictures of the dead, artists stealing photos, breaking up artists’ families …

　　Since the emergence of paparazzi, paparazzi has been equated with unconventional, indecent, deviant and so on, so many people accuse paparazzi of bringing bad social atmosphere. But at the same time, "paparazzi" have grasped people’s gossip and voyeurism, and their reports are often the most attractive to readers. As members of the "paparazzi", how do they view this career?

　　Mr. Deng, the "paparazzi" who photographed the remains of the artist Wu Yongwei’s husband a few years ago, said: "Guilty, very guilty. I personally received the invitation only three weeks ago. Three weeks later, Weng Jiangpei died suddenly. I have to personally uncover Weng’s coffin and photograph the remains of the deceased. I feel very disrespectful to the deceased and his family, but this is my task … At that time, all newspapers and magazines wanted to take pictures. But when the whole company contributes, should it fall short because of my guilt? I ended up shooting, but I was very sad. If I were his family, I wouldn’t want others to shoot it. Finally, I felt guilty enough to personally apologize to Miss Wu, and I didn’t feel at ease until I heard her forgive me. "

　　Another "paparazzi", Xiao Hong, made great contributions because he filmed a male artist’s "stealing love" clip, but indirectly led to the separation of the artist’s family. The "paparazzi" constantly blamed himself: "When I was sent, my boss said that I would not shoot, and others would shoot. If I don’t shoot, it may make them have a step down, but if I shoot, he is accused by thousands of people and it is difficult to turn back. " Later, I thought that although he is a public figure, he should also have the right to privacy. Although I made great achievements that time, I will never do this kind of interview again. You follow up drug trafficking and smuggling, you are beneficial to society and the public, but visiting artists is purely gossip. Gossip may harm others and society does not benefit. Why bother? "Xiao Hong said guiltily.

　　Huang, an "old paparazzi", holds the opposite opinion: "Our task is to prove that public figures should be psychologically prepared to be filmed and reported. We can’t hold a press conference just because we do good things, but stop others from knowing if we do bad things. Is this reasonable? My mentality is to get some pictures that others don’t have. I am a reporter, not a recorder. People have me and I have them. What are you doing here? "

　　"The world is realistic. Will morality increase sales? Can morality be a meal? If I don’t shoot, will anyone appreciate me? If I don’t shoot, will there be artificial addition and will someone dig corners? " This series of questions somewhat reflects why some people are still keen to be paparazzi.

　　Simon’s experience in Hong Kong One Media is even more colorful. Before he became a paparazzi, he thought it was a supreme honor and mission, but after five years of "hard years", he got a different feeling.

　　Once, they were asked to cover the news that a female star was living with a male singer. After several weeks, I still can’t get a picture of them together. Finally, Simon could do nothing and reported the situation to the top. The boss actually said, "You won’t hit her with your car and then call the man to come out and deal with it. You can’t do it so simply, what are you afraid of! " Simon, of course, didn’t do this, and he received a warning letter from the top.

　　On another occasion, they were sent to interview a gay male singer who moved with her boyfriend. Simon was found by the singer’s boyfriend on the first day, and was chased by someone with a bat. After Simon and his colleagues fled to a safe place, they routinely called the top to report the situation. Before the boss heard it, he scolded, "You won’t stand there and call him, and you won’t really be killed. Other people take pictures of beating people, and we can be on the cover, stupid (stupid)! "

　　Once, Simon’s boss personally led a team to interview the news that the TV station was dating her and Xiaosheng. When the target appeared and the car came from a distance, the head suddenly said to Simon, "You rush to the road to stop the car, and I will shoot as soon as she stops. At that time, the speed of the car was over 70 kilometers per hour. Of course, Simon wouldn’t bet his life, so he followed up and said, "You are better than me, you went!" Simon was scolded by his boss for this.

　　Simon said that most of the time, they have to use the car to track the target. It is strictly ordered that if the target finds out, he should finish the work at once. The so-called "finish the work at once" is to block the target with the car and then take pictures. Therefore, they often chase after the target on the road, so there have been more than ten "collisions" of all sizes. Looking back now, Simon is still frightened and still has a lingering fear.

　　Simon said: "In addition to tracking and chasing, we have to’ enter the house’ (sneak into the target’s home)." They were told not to be afraid, because in case of accident, the company would make corresponding guarantee measures. As a result, a naive colleague believed it and was stopped by community security personnel after breaking into a private house. When he called the superior for help, the superior actually told the security guard: "We didn’t ask him to break into a private house, and everything was left to the owner."

　　"With the increasingly fierce competition among peers, the above requirements are even more unscrupulous. To paraphrase Taiwan Province’s recent phrase:’ A man of forty has only one mouth left.’ They can’t do it themselves, but they want to be relaxed and happy. "

　　"The longer I stay as a paparazzi in Next Weekly, the more I feel that I am losing my humanity and my feelings are more numb. I know that if I continue to do this, I will only die." Simon said.

　　Fat Li publicly apologized to Hong Kong for spending money on news and exposing many celebrity shady stories.

　　What is the magic weapon for "paparazzi" to become so "miraculous" and "ubiquitous"? The news interviewed by "paparazzi" comes from many aspects. "Paparazzi" may have to wait and trace through the hair stylist and makeup artist of the target person, the employees of the club they belong to, or the places where they shop and beauty salons.

　　Generally, a newspaper office will send a driver, a photographer and a journalist to track down the target. When the manpower can’t be deployed, the photographer may have to act as a driver and report to the journalist. Because they often encounter situations such as staying up late at night and even being chased, the members of the "paparazzi" are mostly men. In order to hide people’s eyes and ears, paparazzi’s tracking cars are not printed with the names of newspapers or magazines, and their cameras or video recorders even appear in the shape of mirrors and lipstick.

　　In order to obtain information conveniently, "paparazzi" will investigate the artist’s address in their spare time, so as to ambush in the building when something important happens in the future. Paparazzi will also use words to find artists for an exclusive interview, and then send people to follow them, asking about their itinerary, address and license plate, so as to take necessary tracking actions. "The premise is safety and anticipation. Remember to rewind the film after a photo shoot, put it in a new tube, and deliver it when someone breaks the camera or takes apart the film. " A photojournalist said. "Paparazzi" have a heavy workload and hard work, and they are willing to fight. The salary will be higher than that of other journalists, with a monthly salary of more than HK$ 30,000.

　　The Hong Kong media really organized paparazzi. In June 1995, Li Zhiying organized Apple Daily, which not only set off many newspaper price reduction wars, but also tracked down the privacy of entertainment stars and celebrities, such as "Faye Wong Dou Wei’s marriage", "Tony Leung Chiu Wai Carina Lau’s breakup", "Jackie Chan Zhang Ziyi’s scandal" and "Dragon Seed Incident", and so on, and even more, the paparazzi stirred it up. The appearance of paparazzi has promoted the competition of entertainment news industry in Hong Kong, such as Oriental Daily and Oriental Weekly, and they have set up their own paparazzi teams one after another, making paparazzi a phenomenon.

　　The unscrupulous interview methods and reports of "paparazzi" once aroused social criticism and repeatedly destroyed the good image and credibility of the media. "Chen Jiankang Incident", "Hong Bao’s Love" and "Giants Competing for Production" are all classics among them.

　　In October, 1999, the relationship between the famous disc jockey Hong Chaofeng (Fengfeng) and the rich woman Teresa Bao (Baobao) went wrong. Apple Daily even reported it as the front page, and even dispatched "paparazzi" to track the client for 24 hours, and led the client to tell many unpleasant "privacy". "Love of Hongbao" was full of drama from the beginning. Hong Chaofeng interviewed Teresa Bao in the program, so as to appreciate each other and have feelings, and publicly kissed and expressed his love for each other in the program, which made people feel that fairy tales reappeared for a time.

　　Only ten months later, the two sides broke up again and thought it would come to an end. Unexpectedly, a newspaper tracked Hong Chaofeng, and found that he was traveling arm in arm with a man in Dalian, and began a very entertaining report. For example, Fengfeng was accused of mental problems, and asked the Labor Department to collect debts from her baby, and accompanied by a lawyer, she made public her sex life with her baby. A personal matter quickly became the focus of the media, and even occupied an important position in the front page of the newspaper. I really can’t help but admire the ability of the "paparazzi" to follow the report.

　　Although most "paparazzi" are related to entertainment news, their practice of entertaining social news, such as the report of "Chen Jiankang incident", has become a big stain in the history of Hong Kong news.

　　In October 1998, a woman in Tianping Village, Sheung Shui, Hong Kong, couldn’t bear the blow of her husband’s "keeping mistresses" in mainland China. She threw her two 10-year-old and 6-year-old sons off the balcony of her 14th floor apartment, and then committed suicide herself. The tragedy touched people’s hearts. After the incident, the woman’s husband, Chen Jiankang, returned to Hong Kong from the Mainland and was interviewed by many media in succession. He publicly admitted that he had gone north to prostitute himself, and criticized his wife who had just passed away for failing to meet his sexual needs, making fun of himself as a "human-run" (a negative example of human beings). Chen Jiankang suddenly became the most unhealthy scum.

　　The media’s interest in the incident is growing day by day, taking advantage of the protagonist’s ignorance, repeatedly teasing with tone, and even sending reporters to follow Chen Jiankang to the north for fun, reporting in detail that he is looking for a girlfriend in the mainland and enjoying himself. Apple Daily even reported the news of "people running" on the front page for three consecutive days, including a photo of the protagonist and two women "hugging each other left and right" in a hotel bed. Later, it was found that the above classic photos were related to the newspaper’s payment of HK$ 5,000.

　　This is the least "healthy" media incident. Paparazzi who follow the "people’s office" spend money to buy news in order to "get out of position", and newspaper sales may increase. However, the notoriety of "fabricating news" has been criticized by Hong Kong society and journalists’ organizations. On November 10th, 1998, the front page of Apple Daily published an apology notice signed by Li Zhiying.

　　Paparazzi at War with Judges: Personal Interview, Educating Judges about Paparazzi

　　Looking around the media in Hong Kong, the competition between Oriental Newspaper Group and One Media is the fiercest. Oriental Daily, The Sun and Apple Daily account for more than half of the newspaper market in Hong Kong, and the competition between the two groups has created a judicial case of "paparazzi and judges", which has been widely criticized by all sectors of society.

　　The "paparazzi and the judge" originated from the fact that the Oriental newspaper was pirated by Apple Daily to print an exclusive photo of the pregnant female singer Faye Wong. After taking the case to court, they argued for two years. The Oriental newspaper only got HK$ 8,000 in compensation and had to bear huge legal fees.

　　From September 1997 to January 1998, Oriental Daily was dissatisfied with the court’s repeated rulings that the lawsuit involving Oriental Newspaper Group lost, and published articles in succession, calling the judges of the Court of Appeal Gao Yihui and Luo Jiezhi "white-skinned pigs" and the judges of obscene and indecent publications "yellow-skinned dogs", which were "remnants of Hong Kong and Britain" and "political persecution" of Oriental Daily. For three days in a row, the newspaper sent "paparazzi" to follow Judge Gao Yihui of the Court of Appeal and "educate" Judge what "paparazzi" means.

　　The case was tried in the High Court in mid-May, 1988. The High Court ruled that Huang Yangwu, the former editor-in-chief of Oriental Daily, who despised the court, was imprisoned for four months. As the publisher of the daily newspaper, Oriental Newspaper Group was fined 5 million Hong Kong dollars.

　　Chief Justice Chen Zhaokai and Qi Yanhui said in their sentencing that freedom of the press and judicial independence are the two pillars of society. If the freedom of the press is abused to slander and vilify the court, it will only do harm to them. If the public’s confidence in the judiciary is shaken and weakened, it will endanger the rule of law, and the same abuse of freedom of speech will only be harmful. Judges are not immune to criticism, but their speeches should be carried out fairly and reasonably, and a responsible and respectable media must take this as a code. Unfortunately, in this incident, the principle of freedom of speech was obviously extremely abused. The action of Oriental Daily is not only about individual cases, but the rule of law itself. Its purpose is to create an atmosphere of dissatisfaction with the judicial department, in an attempt to make the judicial department yield to the pressure of public opinion, and it will be more lenient when dealing with cases of Oriental Daily or its sister newspapers. This act of challenging the basic rule of law is the most serious example of media contempt encountered by courts in common law jurisdictions. In history, no judge has ever encountered such a nuisance as Judge Gao Yihui being followed around the clock.

　　Later, on September 28th, 1998, the Court of Final Appeal of Dongfang Group was awarded the right of appeal. Apple Daily should compensate Dongfang Group for 3,301 yuan, and pay all the court fees of the original court and most of the court fees of appeal to Dongfang Group. The case was closed, but the media abused the paparazzi’s interview style and used public tools for private use, which has seriously damaged the credibility of the Hong Kong media.

　　Paparazzi makes political and business people have nowhere to hide. Hong Kong celebrities jointly launched "Shut up"

　　Many target people who were tracked were disgusted with the actions of "paparazzi". In 1995, Hong Kong’s entertainment industry launched "Shut up" and refused to be interviewed by the media for three days in protest. And hold a parade of artists to reflect the incident to the government, thus arousing the awareness of the industry, the media and the public to respect privacy. Cheng Jienan, a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, suffered from the pursuit of the paparazzi of Apple Daily, and later complained to the Hong Kong Press Council.

　　"On January 13 this year, at about 8 pm, my girlfriend and I got on the bus from Fort Street and drove to the expressway, and found a reporter following us. A heavy locomotive overtook my car and slowed down. Forced me to stop the car. At this time, I followed the car behind me and suddenly jumped out of three people. Surrounded my car in a zigzag pattern, two people beside the car took out their cameras and slapped me for a while. After taking the photo, the motorcyclist actually stopped other vehicles so that the three paparazzi could leave quickly. "

　　"I still remember my girlfriend blurting out in horror:’ This seems to be an inland road kidnapping.’ "

　　Cheng Jienan said angrily, just for a few photos, these paparazzi actually ignored the safety of others. Who will bear the responsibility if the rear vehicles fail to brake and a serial car accident occurs? Apple Daily? Fat guy Li?

　　Until late August, 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong published two documents, such as Consultation Document on Media’s Invasion of Privacy, and suggested that a "Privacy Protection Press Council" should be established by legislation to deal with complaints about invasion of privacy by newspapers and magazines, and a three-month public consultation period was launched. As a result, various circles in Hong Kong have debated on the issues of "privacy right" and "freedom of the press", which has become one of the hot spots of widespread concern in Hong Kong society.

　　Tung Chee-hwa, the Chief Executive of the SAR, said that there was no doubt about the government’s determination to protect press freedom. The Government will resolutely protect the freedom of speech and the press in accordance with the Basic Law., However, no one should ignore the proper ethics of the media under the pretext of "freedom of the press", and seek profits only, even at the expense of selling pornography, exaggerating violence and even distorting and slandering.

　　Some scholars have pointed out that it is not contradictory to protect "freedom of the press" and "privacy right" from infringement. While reminding the media to safeguard the freedom of the press and perform their supervisory functions, they should also shoulder social responsibilities, care about the interests of the people and protect the "privacy rights" of the citizens.

　　Troubled by paparazzi’s follow-up, the entertainment industry pointed out that in advanced overseas countries such as the United Nations and the European Union, freedom of the press and the right to privacy can be equally valued, so as a civilized society, neither side should be ignored. The Hong Kong Artists Association believes that Hong Kong definitely needs to establish a healthy system to balance the protection of press freedom and privacy rights.

　　Last summer, 70% of the newspapers in Hong Kong formed the Hong Kong Press Council, hoping to improve the professional level and ethics of the newspapers in Hong Kong, and to receive complaints from the public about the invasion of privacy by newspapers. However, several high-selling newspapers in Hong Kong, such as Oriental Daily, Apple Daily and Sun, did not join the organization, and the representativeness of the Council was questioned to some extent.

　　Zhang Guiyang, executive director of the Hong Kong Association of News Executives, said that news reports in Hong Kong tend to be "alienated" and entertaining. The problem lies in journalists’ lack of understanding of their duties. He believes that journalists should have the idea of passing on moral values to the next generation.

　　A recent survey found that young people in Hong Kong do not appreciate celebrity scandals as headlines, nor do they agree with the despicable interview methods of "paparazzi". Only 6% of them think newspapers are trustworthy.

　　This survey, conducted by Caritas-Hong Kong Youth and Community Service, only involves more than 800 people, but it shows that Hong Kong society has lost confidence in the media, and the "paparazzi" interview method has begun to produce bad results. When will Hong Kong media get rid of the "paparazzi nightmare" and regain the glory of the "uncrowned emperor"?

　　All people are good, paparazzi is a business.

　　Following the paparazzi, a variant of paparazzi photography team-information paparazzi has recently emerged in the media market all over the world. These information experts, armed to the teeth, are erratic and secretive. They can track all kinds of privacy and scandals of celebrities all over the world through the Internet or other high-tech means. Faced with the massive publication of private information, even media organizations with serious news as their signboard have to put down their airs and bid for all kinds of important secrets provided by information paparazzi. Paparazzi spirit has become a kind of entertainment for all people.

　　The main reason why the media relies heavily on the information paparazzi is the cruel competition in the market. As we all know, advertising is the lifeline for the media to survive, and the advertising revenue is closely related to the influence of the media in the audience. In today’s modern society, exposing the dark and revealing the hidden has become a big industry with annual sales of several billion dollars. No media wants to cut a piece of cake.

　　Experts pointed out that there are two new trends in the development of global media in the new century: entertainment and localization. The paparazzi spirit is a wonderful embodiment of entertainment. According to a report published by Deutsche Bank in Hong Kong in November, 2000, Next Weekly and Apple Daily make a profit of about HK$ 300 million for Boss Li every year. Entertainment is a fruitful business, which is why paparazzi are always thriving. (Aivi Lu)

　　Excerpt from: Phoenix Weekly

　　

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, November 10th (Reporter Zhou Rui) Garbage sorting robot, replaceable cream, hydrogen fuel car & HELIP; … Many "green faces" in the 2nd China International Import Expo(CIIE) are becoming the new darling of the purchasing group.

　　Because of the garbage sorting policy, the trash can of British brand Joseph Joseph was sold out of stock on Tmall "618". Wang Xian, Marketing Manager of Jieshan (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., said that with the implementation of the garbage sorting policy in more and more cities, even the high-end classified garbage bins with a price of more than 3,000 yuan "have more sales in one month than the sum of the past year". "Now the exhibition in China International Import Expo(CIIE) has brought us more opportunities, and the market potential of China’s future green environmental protection concept is still great."

　　To classify garbage, it is necessary to reduce the output of garbage at the source. Lancome brought a "replaceable" cream, which can be put into the original bottle as long as it is filled after use. This design can reduce the average packaging volume of the product and the overall weight by 39%, and the use of adhesive tape is also saved through the "zipper bite" design of the packaging box.

　　There are also many "black technologies" behind the "green face".

　　Grabbing and dropping: In the ABB exhibition area of Hall 4.1 of Shanghai National Convention and Exhibition Center, the robot quickly and accurately dropped the mineral water bottles on the conveyor belt into the recyclable trash can and the bread into the wet trash can, which impressed the exhibitors with its high accuracy.

　　Amco, a packaging giant from Australia, has brought "green packaging", replacing the aluminum foil layer in traditional packaging with silicon plating technology, which can not only achieve 100% recycling, but also make transparent packaging. Chen Lidan, brand director of Amway China, said that by 2025, all the products of Amway will be recyclable or recyclable.

　　"Green Face" brings "Green Order". The central enterprise Aerospace Engineering Company signed a product purchase agreement with German SWR Measurement Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. during its stay in China International Import Expo(CIIE), and foreign high-end technology will bring a new "booster" to improve the efficiency of aerospace pulverized coal pressurized gasification technology in the future, and improve the clean utilization rate of coal.

　　Special toothpaste sold by e-commerce platform (screenshot)

　　Yangcheng Evening News reporter Xue Renzheng correspondent You Hualing Jiang Yun

　　Recently, some parents reported that they bought a so-called "tooth cavity repair toothpaste" online for their children to use when they saw their children with dental caries, hoping to repair their teeth by brushing their teeth. As a result, it backfired. Not only did the tooth decay not be repaired, but it changed from one tooth decay to six.

　　The reporter searched for related products on the e-commerce platform and learned that there are many kinds of special toothpaste similar to "Toothcavity Repair Toothpaste", some of which are advertised as "Repair Toothenamel" and some are labeled as "Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori" and "Probiotic Protection". What is the efficacy of the so-called special toothpaste? How to do oral care correctly in daily life? In this regard, the reporter interviewed experts in stomatology to answer.

　　Buyers show praise, netizens deeply questioned.

　　The reporter searched for related products through the online social platform and found that most netizens held a wait-and-see attitude towards the so-called special toothpaste, especially the "tooth cavity repair toothpaste". Some netizens said that how can a tooth cavity be repaired by toothpaste? Others make it clear that special toothpaste is an "IQ tax product". Some netizens even ridiculed: "If this is useful, isn’t the dentist going to be unemployed?"

　　On the e-commerce platform, the reporter randomly browsed some shops, but found that the product pages of these special-effect toothpastes were written with the slogan "Don’t go to the hospital", "Stay away from tooth holes" and "Just brush them", which was very attractive. In the evaluation area, "buyer show" mostly praised its products for their remarkable efficacy.

　　In the evaluation area of a "Toothpaste for Tooth Cavity Repair" product, more than 100 buyers showed their photos before and after use, and said that the product used very well. Some commented that "the doctor recommended it", while others claimed that "the tooth did not hurt after buying this toothpaste". Some even took photos of their cavities before and after use and commented: "After using for more than one month, the cavities have decreased and the cavities have improved … …”

　　When the reporter asked the customer service of the store about "Tooth Cavity Repair Toothpaste", they all asked about its working principle, but most of the customer service was vague. Some customer service claims that it "permeates the skin directly to the affected area" and keeps silent about the effect of tooth repair; Some only emphasize that products contain "patented active ingredients".

　　Failure to repair a tooth cavity is harmful or worse.

　　"At present, there is only toothpaste that can reduce or prevent dental caries, and there is no toothpaste that can repair dental caries. It is not credible to brush teeth and fill cavities." Lu Haibin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Stomatology of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, said that the cleaning and repairing of dental caries is a delicate process.

　　The reporter learned that in the treatment of mild dental caries, doctors will use a turbine dental drill to grind away the decayed tissue and prepare it into a special hole shape. After cleaning, the pulp was specially protected and the hole was filled with polymer resin. After the filling resin is cured, the turbine is used to finely adjust the shape.

　　If there is serious dental caries, it will affect the nerves inside the teeth and cause pulpitis. In this case, it is necessary to remove the putrefaction mechanically, kill the nerves with drugs, and carry out anti-inflammatory treatment and root canal treatment. Only after repeated dressing changes can the damaged teeth be filled with resin to restore the tooth shape.

　　"In the process of treating dental caries, doctors will pay special attention to it. On the one hand, cleaning the decayed tissue should ensure that the tissue is completely removed, on the other hand, the oral cavity should be protected during the cleaning process to prevent saliva pollution." Lu Haibin said that toothpaste can only produce some foam, which plays a friction role in the process of brushing teeth, and it is impossible to effectively clean decayed tissues.

　　In repairing and filling, the so-called "tooth cavity repairing toothpaste" is also difficult to work. "Toothpaste can only act on the superficial parts of teeth, even if the so-called ‘ Repair toothpaste ’ When materials that can form hydroxyapatite crystals are used, a similar protective layer will not be formed within a short time after brushing your teeth. Generally, they will be dissolved in water and taken away when gargling. " Lu Haibin said.

　　"Whether it is cleaning or filling, the feasibility of repairing through some toothpaste is very low." Shao Ling, an attending physician in the Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, said, "Not only is the treatment effect difficult to guarantee, but it is also possible to cover and fill the decayed tissue when it is not completely cleaned up, and the bacteria will be trapped in the teeth, which will lead to further decay in the teeth and even cause pulpitis."

　　Sales rely on gimmick experts to be busy with science popularization.

　　The reporter learned from the store monster data platform that the sales of various special toothpaste on an e-commerce platform are considerable. Among them, the daily sales of toothpaste with the selling point of "inhibiting Helicobacter pylori" is more than 10,000, the daily sales of toothpaste with the selling point of "repairing" is more than 80,000, and the daily sales of toothpaste with the banner of "probiotics" is more than 340,000. The total sales of these three kinds of special toothpaste account for about 1/4 of the total daily sales of toothpaste.

　　Do these special toothpaste really have special functions? The expert gave a negative answer.

　　"There is no medicine toothpaste that can prevent or kill Helicobacter pylori." Lu Haibin bluntly said that the treatment of Helicobacter pylori requires systematic and standardized use of antibiotics, which is almost impossible to kill in the oral cavity, and the treatment of Helicobacter pylori is mainly in the digestive tract such as the stomach and intestines. The stomatology department mainly plays an auxiliary role in the treatment of this kind of bacteria, and the role of this kind of toothpaste is not credible.

　　"It is also unrealistic to use toothpaste to repair enamel." Lu Haibin said that if the enamel has been damaged, it needs to be repaired with materials such as resin according to the degree of damage, and toothpaste can only play a preventive role.

　　"It is only theoretically possible for toothpaste probiotics to regulate oral colonies." Shao Ling introduced that when there are no symptoms such as inflammation in the mouth, most of the internal colonies are beneficial colonies in a balanced state, and it is not recommended to use special toothpaste to destroy the internal balance of the mouth. If the oral cavity has been diseased, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible, and use mouthwash or medicine according to the doctor’s advice. It is unrealistic to treat the disease with toothpaste.

　　Brushing teeth is very important, and prevention is the key.

　　"The most important thing to protect your teeth is to brush your teeth." Shao Ling said that the bacteria that produce tooth decay are mostly anaerobic bacteria, which will give bacteria a good breeding environment after closing their mouths. Brushing your teeth in the morning and evening can clean up the food residues in your mouth and reduce the growth of bacteria. "It is recommended to use ‘ Pap brushing ’ Method, choose a soft-haired toothbrush, and point the toothbrush and the long axis of the tooth at 45 to the apical direction for cleaning. " She added.

　　"The selection of toothpaste is recommended to use fluoride toothpaste." Lu Haibin believes that fluoride has an inhibitory effect on acid-producing bacteria, which can directly inhibit the bacteria in dental plaque, inhibit the production of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Streptococcus cariogenes, and affect the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Fluorine also plays an important role in inhibiting the formation of dental surface film and plaque growth. Fluorine ions exchange with hydroxyl ions in enamel hydroxyapatite to form fluorapatite, which will strengthen the structure of enamel and reduce its solubility, thus enhancing the anti-caries ability of teeth.

　　"Children under 6 years old are recommended to use fluoride-free toothpaste for children because of their poor swallowing reflex." Lu Haibin said.

　　"As long as you pay attention to oral health in your daily life, you don’t have to worry too much about yellow teeth." Lu Haibin introduced that the tooth surface has a multi-layer structure, the first layer of enamel is white, and the second layer of dentin itself is pale yellow.

　　He said: "If there are not dental calculus in the mouth, or pigmentation caused by smoking and drinking tea, there is no need to ‘ Yellow teeth ’ Too much care, most healthy teeth are pale yellow. "

[Text/Observer Network Chen Sijia] According to the Hungarian National newspaper, on June 30, local time, just the day before Hungary officially took over the rotating presidency of the European Union, Hungarian Prime Minister Orban announced that he would cooperate with Austrian and Czech right-wing parties to form a new party group in the European Parliament. The goal of the party group is to become the largest right-wing alliance in Europe, thus "changing European politics".

According to the report, Orban met with Andrei Babiche, leader of the Czech Disgruntled Citizen Action Party, and Herbert Kickel, leader of the Austrian Liberal Party, in Vienna, Austria, and the three of them signed an agreement to form a "Patriots for Europe" party group.

Orban said at a joint news conference that the EU economy is in crisis, facing the threat of terrorism, illegal immigration and the risk of escalating the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. He accused the EU leadership of making a wrong decision, which led to the loss of competitiveness of the European economy. "The European people want peace, order and development, but the Brussels elite has only brought war, immigration and stagnation."

Orban said that the new party group was formed to change European politics. "Today, three political parties are united: the most powerful Austrian party, the most powerful Czech party and the most powerful Hungarian party. We have the responsibility to start this new platform and new faction. Our goal is to become the most powerful right-wing alliance in European politics. "

Czech "Dissatisfied Citizens Action Party"Leader Babiche, Austrian Liberal Party leader Kickel and Hungarian Prime Minister Orban signed an agreement to form a new party group (video screenshot).

Kickel also delivered a speech at the news conference. He described the "European Patriots" party group as "a powerful core of change in central Europe" with the goal of ensuring a "better future" for Europe. Kickel also announced that the new party group will appear at the first meeting of the new European Parliament on July 16th, local time, seeking to initiate a "political change".

Babiche, on the other hand, said that the agenda of the "European Patriots" party group will be linked with the three priorities of protecting sovereignty, cracking down on illegal immigrants and revising the green agreement. He believes that the EU must formulate laws and regulations to protect the borders of member States and stop illegal immigration, and revise the green agreement in a more balanced way to ensure that environmental protection policies will not endanger the EU’s economic development and competitiveness.

Babiche said that the new party group wants to build a "Europe composed of independent nation States" instead of a "Brussels-led Federation". "We are open to cooperation with all like-minded organizations and individuals."

In the European Parliament elections held in June, the multinational right-wing parties in the European Union performed strongly. Among them, the Hungarian ruling party, the Youth League led by Orban, won 11 seats in the European Parliament, the largest opposition party in the Czech Republic, the Dissatisfied Civil Action Party, won 7 seats, and the Austrian Liberal Party won 6 seats, all of which were the political parties with the highest votes in their respective countries.

However, the European News Channel pointed out that the "European Patriot" party group still needs the support of at least four political parties in other countries before it can be recognized as a party group in the European Parliament.

On July 1, local time, Hungary officially took over the rotating presidency of the European Union for a term of six months. During this period, Hungary will host the EU meeting and set the EU’s political agenda.

The Hungarian National newspaper said that Orban put forward the slogan of "making Europe great again", and listed seven priorities: improving the EU’s economic competitiveness, strengthening the defense policy, promoting the EU’s enlargement process, curbing illegal immigrants, reshaping the "cohesion fund" aimed at narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, promoting the "farmer-oriented agricultural policy" and meeting the population challenge.

Ianos Boca, Hungarian Minister of EU Affairs, told Hungarian media on June 30th that improving European competitiveness will be the main topic of concern during Hungary’s presidency. Hungary hopes to build a European capital market that can promote infrastructure and energy links, and formulate European industrial policies aimed at achieving key goals such as green transformation.

Boca also pointed out that when Hungary holds the rotating presidency, the European Parliament, the European Commission and other institutions are being reorganized, so Hungary will also strive to ensure the smooth operation of EU institutions. "As long as Hungary, as the presidency, can show the changes expected by European citizens according to the results of the European Parliament elections while ensuring the transition of EU institutions, then Hungary is successful."

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Special feature of 1905 film network As of press time, the box office exceeded 200 million, temporarily ranking fourth in the annual box office of imported films.

If this achievement is not eye-catching, looking back at the first day of the release, the film was screened nearly 188,000 times, breaking the record of Japanese films and imported animated films, and it won 94,896,400 on that day, accounting for over 86% of the box office.

Counting the zero-point box office, "Slam Dunk Master" became the first imported movie with a first-day box office of over 100 million this year, which broke the highest first-day box office data of Japanese movies set last month with 94,957,600 yuan.

In particular, it can’t be ignored that the first day of the release of Slam Dunk is an ordinary working day (Thursday).

At the same time,Many foreign films have been announced one after another,Then synchronize the North American release,Before North America … …Since the Spring Festival, foreign films have been introduced one after another, almost like a sluice gate. In addition to the conceptual Hollywood blockbusters, there are also Japan, France and India … … And other national films.

Only from the current market feedback, it seems that these films have not played as strongly as expected, and even the Marvel Comics films that people used to be "afraid of" failed to "bring goods".

These films have been delayed and released simultaneously, but the situation is not the same, but the story has just begun. Can the Galaxy Guard 3 and Speed and Passion 10 in May exert their power?

01.

Let’s briefly review the foreign films that have been released in the mainland market of China since the Spring Festival. They cover a wide range of countries, including the United States, Japan, France, Thailand, Russia and India, and have already had many advantages in quantity.

In the summary of these films, Hollywood, as the "leader" in the world commercial films, occupies an absolute advantage in terms of quantity, with the number of 12 films.

Among them, "Marvel Universe" including "Ant Man 3" has returned to the mainland market of China after three years, and has become the core of external attention. Although the former was released in North Marvel Comics for more than three months, it did not affect the overall topic and attention, and there was a wave of "fans" who performed various movie-watching ceremonies.

Unfortunately,Black Panther 2 barely broke through 100 million at the box office, while Ant Man 3 was less than 300 million.The word-of-mouth of the film is not satisfactory, so it is difficult to replicate the previous glory of "Marvel Comics Film".

If Marvel Comics’s appeal plummeted, and he was also a superhero, Marvel Comics’s DC movie "Opposite Home",It is even more weak at the box office, and the box office did not even exceed 100 million in the end., while the previous series has a box office of 294 million.

Undeniably, some viewers in China are beginning to feel tired of the superhero, and the simple and rude special effects have hardly aroused the audience’s enthusiasm.

Judging from the market situation of these three films, it seems that Hollywood studios such as Disney and Warner are also reducing their corresponding publicity and marketing expenses.A lot of pre-screening propaganda work and cross-industry cooperation preferred by Hollywood films are relatively less than in the past.

"Hollywood studios may not have much confidence in the quality of these films. They can also pay attention to the changes in the China market, and the spring market in China will be relatively weak every year. They may be willing to put more budgets on projects with higher quality, especially after Disney, Galaxy Guard 3, Warner and The Flash." Mr. Wang, who worked in the propaganda work of a Hollywood production company, talked about his own views.

According to Mr. Wang’s observation,China audience’s preference for Hollywood movies has changed significantly in the past three years. "Many viewers prefer movies close to their own lives."

For example, the quality of the film is not bad, and the Douban score is as high as 7.7, but in the end, word of mouth did not help the film in the market, and it did not even break 100 million.

In Mr. Wang’s view, in addition to the film and television companies not giving enough publicity and promotion, another important reason is that IP is too far away from the audience in China.

A similar situation is the animated film.

Even though "Mario Brothers" is a lot of post-90 s emotional stories, this story is adapted from the hottest switch game of the same name, and it is difficult to really sink. In the end, the box office and word of mouth go in the opposite direction.

Besides, as the window of American movies is getting shorter and shorter,On the eve of the release of many films in China, they were faced with the problem that their contents were illegally spread on the Internet..

In particular, such films are typical hollywood awards season films, and pirated resources were spread on the Internet earlier. At the same time, the films did not "kill" the encirclement in the award season by virtue of their high quality, which further made it difficult to replicate the box office miracle of that year.

There is a time difference between the overseas streaming media transmission time and the domestic release time, which further limits the box office of many films. In particular, the batch of films did not get a topical word-of-mouth event in the early stage, and after all, the box office did not perform as expected.

On the contrary, although the Japanese animated films "Journey to the Bell Bud" and "Slam Dunk Master" were released later in mainland China, they were not streamed online before being released, which kept the domestic audience fresh all the time.

At the same time, domestic filmmakers have made great efforts in publicity and promotion. "Journey to Bell Bud" was invited to China for publicity, while "Slam Dunk Master" created a stadium-like premiere and a 100-city zero-point activity, which really formed an event communication.

02.

Looking back at the box office of imported films in 2023 (including the pre-sale box office), the top five are Journey to the Bell Bud, Slam Dunker and Super Mario Bros. Movie.

Judging from the current momentum, the box office of Slam Dunk Master is bound to surpass that of Ant Man 3, and even the industry predicts that the total box office will exceed 900 million.Obviously, the feelings of this film have successfully reached many post-80s audiences. This group of children who cried with their parents to buy comics and watch TV without homework have now grown into the most purchasing audience.

With the current momentum of "Slam Dunk" and its reputation of more than 9 points at all ends, many people predict that this film will have a chance to be shown for a long time and reach the top three in the May 1st box office. As for how long the film can go, it is difficult to draw a conclusion. After all, there are still many rivals in the follow-up of the film.

If we say that spring films lack the motivation for most production companies, then the hot market may give film and television companies a chance to create more possibilities from May.

As the saying goes, "Three Things Only", The Galaxy Guard 3 released on May 5th will once again prove the possibility of Marvel Comics films in China film market.

Compared with Panther and Ant Man, the image of Star-Lord may be more famous in China, and the actor, after going through the trilogy, is very popular in China, which may bring him other possibilities.

The movie Speed and Passion 10, which was released two days earlier than that in North China, can better reflect the importance attached by Universal Pictures to the market. After the series, China once became the largest overseas ticket warehouse, and the actors created one after another to promote it in China. But it can’t be ignored that the box office of this series is going downhill in China. Will it turn over this time?

Of course, we can also notice that many future batches will be released later than the production country. Whether domestic filmmakers can properly publicize and promote according to the content of the film, or make it possible for foreign films to break through.

Just for the current market performance of foreign films, there are still many possibilities. Can the success of Journey to the Bell Bud and Slam Dunk Master be replicated? No one has an absolute answer.

But there is no denying that,When China audiences are more and more partial to realistic films that are close to their own lives, foreign films need to find a Chinese breakthrough in propaganda to attract more audiences.

　　　　Scientific research environment is a general term for all kinds of direct and indirect factors that affect scientific and technological personnel to engage in scientific research activities. A good scientific research environment is conducive to researchers to concentrate on research and stimulate their creative vitality, which is of great significance to promoting scientific and technological progress and implementing the innovation-driven development strategy.

　

　　　　In recent years, the basic situation of scientific research environment in China has aroused widespread concern and debate from all walks of life, and has been highly valued by the relevant national science and technology management departments. In order to deeply understand the cognition of scientific researchers in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) on the scientific research environment in their respective regions, the research group of the Institute of Science and Technology Policy and Management Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the support of the China Association for Science and Technology, selected five types of sites, including universities, research and development institutions, park enterprises, large and medium-sized industrial enterprises and medical and health institutions, and distributed 8,074 questionnaires to scientific researchers directly engaged in R&D activities, with 7,868 returned and 7,691 valid questionnaires. On the basis of this investigation, combined with the statistical data of science, technology, economy and society in 2012, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation of China’s scientific research environment.

　

The researchers gave positive comments on the current scientific research environment as a whole.

　

　　　　First, the conditions of scientific research infrastructure have improved significantly, and nearly 30% of researchers feel that they have sufficient funds and full tasks.

　

　　　　According to the survey, nearly 80% of the researchers think that the basic conditions of scientific research have improved obviously, among which 65% think that the basic conditions of scientific research in their institutions are at the middle and upper-middle level in China, 10% think that they are at a higher level in China, and only a little over 20% think that the basic conditions of their institutions are poor. At the same time, when it is necessary to obtain relevant experimental materials or consult scientific research references in scientific research activities, more than half of them feel convenient or very convenient, and only 20% think it is inconvenient or inconvenient. In terms of scientific research intensity and task fullness, nearly 30% feel full of funds and tasks, nearly 30% spend more than 40 hours a week directly engaged in scientific research activities, and nearly 30% feel that scientific research tasks are challenging. This reflects that in recent years, with the continuous increase in the total amount of scientific research funds invested by the central and local governments, the basic conditions of scientific research work in China have been greatly improved, and the tasks of scientific researchers are generally full, especially those who study abroad, have high academic qualifications, and have high professional titles. The recognition of the basic conditions of scientific research in their units is the highest.

　

　　　　Second, the degree of scientific research cooperation and professional division of labor has been significantly strengthened, and researchers generally recognize the norms of teamwork.

　

　　　　Institutions are equipped with full-time, high-level scientific research assistants, and the formation of a relatively close network of partners among scientific researchers is an important factor to improve the efficiency and level of scientific research work. The survey results show that the cooperation and professional division of labor among researchers have improved to some extent. In the same organization, the frequency ratio of other colleagues to undertake and complete the scientific research auxiliary work reaches 30%, which is higher than the frequency ratio of handling the scientific research auxiliary work by themselves without auxiliary personnel at all; At the same time, the frequency ratio of scientific research collaborators from their own institutions is as high as 44%, and the units where more than 85% of scientific researchers work actively encourage cross-departmental or inter-institutional cooperation. However, it is common for graduate students to help teachers undertake scientific research auxiliary work, which is much higher than the proportion of full-time auxiliary personnel, which shows that there is still much room for improvement in the scale of teamwork in scientific research units. About 40% of the team leaders’ influence comes from their academic level and strategic vision. About 40% of the team members have consultation and communication, and respect each member’s own choice. Another three quarters of the team results are distributed according to actual contributions, and more than half of the researchers have a strong sense of belonging to the team, which reflects the recognition of most researchers on the existing team cooperation model.

　

　　　　Third, researchers give positive comments on the scientific research management ability of their units and are optimistic about the career development space.

　

　　　　The survey shows that about 90% of researchers give positive comments on the overall impression of the scientific research management department of the unit, among which nearly 60% think that the auxiliary scientific research services and the overall innovation atmosphere of the unit are "generally acceptable" or "very good", and nearly 70% think that the current performance evaluation mechanism is reasonable. At the same time, most researchers have remained relatively stable in their work. From the observation of the flow of researchers in their own units in the past two years, more than 80% of researchers have not felt the frequent outflow of other researchers, and they are satisfied with the career development space in their own units. Only less than 15% researchers are "not satisfied" or "very dissatisfied" with the career development space in their own units, hoping for other better development opportunities. The work of the party and government organs is still attractive to a considerable number of researchers. If there is an opportunity to transfer to the party and government organs at the same level or to start a business, more than 50% of researchers will consider moving. Generally speaking, good working environment, personal development space, stable work, more learning opportunities, and giving full play to their abilities are the main reasons why most researchers choose to stay in their current work units.

　

　　　　Fourth, the scientific and technological innovation policy has been well received by researchers, and the implementation and implementation need to be further strengthened.

　

　　　　In recent years, the central and local governments have issued a series of policies and supporting measures to encourage scientific and technological innovation, attract high-level talents and promote the development of high-tech industries. Researchers generally recognize these incentive policies, and nearly 40% of them think that the policies are good and fully affirm them. More than half of the researchers still hope that the government will increase its encouragement and support. For the implementation of these policies, 8% of researchers think that the effect is very good, and 38% think that "some encouragement policies have been implemented, and the overall effect is ok", which is basically the same as the overall proportion of "the implementation is not good, the effect is not great, and these policies are basically not felt". This shows that the implementation of relevant science and technology policies has not been widely recognized, and the urgent task is to enhance the scientific nature of policies and further increase publicity and implementation.

　

Six outstanding problems reflected by scientific researchers

　

　　　　First, a large number of institutions lack systematic and efficient innovation management capabilities.

　

　　　　All kinds of institutions in Industry-University-Research generally don’t know enough about the law of creative activities in scientific research, which is manifested in the weak ability of specialized division of labor and cooperative management of scientific research organizations, and they are used to managing scientific researchers by means of administrative management and engineering management, and lack of supporting for truly valuable "creative" work, which makes a large number of scientific researchers’ enthusiasm consumed in low-level repetitive daily chores. On the one hand, scientific researchers frequently work overtime, on the other hand, about 70% of scientific researchers directly engage in scientific research activities for less than 40 hours a week. According to the survey, only 16% of the researchers think that the unit attaches great importance to innovation, and about 50% of the researchers think that the incentive effect of scientific research and innovation in their unit is not good; 34% of the respondents think that although the company has formulated some incentive measures, the overall incentive atmosphere for innovation has not yet emerged, and 8% of the respondents think that there is basically no difference between innovation and non-innovation in the company.

　

　　　　Second, the investment and allocation of science and technology funds are not targeted to people.

　

　　　　In recent years, China’s investment in scientific research has increased rapidly, and it has become the third largest country in the world. These greatly increased scientific and technological funds have achieved remarkable results in improving the basic conditions of scientific research and other "hardware facilities", but they are insufficient in investing people, especially young and middle-aged researchers with more innovative vitality. The survey shows that the current research funding, task pressure and work intensity basically present three "one-third" situations, that is, in terms of sufficient research funding and full tasks, there are one-third of people who feel full, average and lacking; In terms of the pressure and challenge of scientific research work, one-third of the people feel very stressed, less stressed and more moderate; At the same time, the proportion of people who spend more than 40 hours, less than 20 hours, and between 20 hours and 40 hours is also one-third of three. In addition, researchers with different professional titles have significant differences in their cognition of individual environment. The actual working time intensity and the proportion of challenging scientific research work of deputy senior and intermediate researchers are higher than those of senior researchers, but their satisfaction in scientific research activities, funding commitment and academic exchanges is lower than that of senior researchers, which also shows that the allocation of scientific and technological resources is insufficient to support this group.

　

　　　　Third, most researchers still lack high-level and international academic exchange opportunities.

　

　　　　It is found that the internationalization level of scientific and technological research in China has become an important factor that restricts the improvement of scientific researchers’ ability. 44% of researchers "mainly participate in academic conferences or scientific and technological group exchanges organized by domestic organizations", and two-thirds of researchers choose to publish their scientific research results in China because "there will be some language or channel barriers abroad". Less than 15% of researchers can publish their academic research results internationally without obstacles, and only 11% can participate in foreign academic exchanges relatively freely and conveniently. More than 40% of researchers said that they "seldom have academic exchanges" and "lack relatively high-level academic exchange opportunities", and 16% of researchers still have obvious obstacles in terms of regions, institutions or languages even if they publish their scientific research results in China, reflecting that some researchers’ channels for participating in academic exchanges are not smooth enough, and their academic exchange ability needs to be further strengthened.

　

　　　　Fourth, the publicity and transparency of the allocation mechanism of scientific and technological resources are not enough.

　

　　　　For the research funding mechanism of local government departments, except for 32% researchers who did not give a clear judgment, less than 5% clearly chose "the whole funding mechanism is open and transparent", while the proportion that "the process is very opaque and all kinds of hidden rules are very serious" is as high as 13%, and 30% researchers think there are some unfair and unreasonable places, "but not very serious"; Another nearly 20% of the staff think it is not bad on the whole, which has greatly improved compared with the past. In addition, some researchers specifically mentioned the problem of "unfair project application" in the allocation of scientific research funds, which is reflected in the prevalence of "learning hegemony" in the formulation, application and evaluation of project guides. I hope that the setting and funding mechanism of related scientific research projects will be more open and transparent.

　

　　　　Fifth, the academic community and scientific and technological associations have not played a sufficient role.

　

　　　　Academic communities and scientific and technological societies are important carriers to strengthen the education of scientific values and integrity of researchers and promote academic exchanges. According to the survey, nearly one-third of the researchers’ overall impression of the scientific and technological associations in this region said that they seldom contact with scientific and technological organizations, more than half thought that the scientific and technological organizations in this region were not active enough, nearly 8% said they knew something about a certain scientific and technological association, and less than 3% of the researchers had a better understanding of the society and gave a "good impression" evaluation. It can be seen that the majority of scientific researchers have obviously insufficient understanding and participation in scientific and technological associations, and the scientific and technological associations that should play an important role as carriers and intermediaries in developing academic norms, shaping scientific values and promoting academic exchanges have not fully played their roles at present. Strengthening the self-construction of "academic communities" and enhancing the value recognition of scientific researchers are the weak links in the current development of China’s scientific community.

　

　　　　Sixth, the overall cultural atmosphere of social innovation is not ideal.

　

　　　　A good social innovation atmosphere is an important prerequisite to stimulate the innovation enthusiasm and vitality of researchers, and it is also an important aspect that researchers pay attention to. It is found that the atmosphere of social tolerance failure, challenge to academic authority and academic independence, which are necessary for creative work, is not highly evaluated by researchers. Nearly half of the researchers think it is general, and the proportion of ideal or unsatisfactory is about 20%. In terms of improving the social image and political status of scientific and technological personnel, 50% of scientific and technological personnel think that there is no obvious difference from other occupations. Among them, only 19% think that the social status of researchers in this area has been greatly improved, and nearly a quarter of researchers think that despite a lot of publicity in various aspects, there has been no substantial improvement; Generally speaking, most researchers think that compared with other groups, the social status has not improved much.

　

　　　　Analysis of the crux of the above problems mainly lies in the lack of creativity of scientific researchers and the low level of independent management of scientific research activities.

　

　　　　First, the substantial increase in investment in science and technology has improved the working conditions of researchers, but it will not automatically bring about the same improvement in the satisfaction of researchers with the scientific research environment.

　

　　　　According to the survey, the higher the level of researchers, the more scientific and technological resources they occupy, and the higher the quality requirements for the scientific research environment. Senior and senior researchers who have studied abroad and are at the top of the group of researchers are significantly superior to other groups in terms of basic conditions for scientific research, research funds, publication of achievements and opportunities for academic exchange, and they are also in a dominant position in teamwork. At the same time, they attach great importance to the norms of teamwork and have higher requirements for the scientific research management level of their units. This situation shows that innovation management and cultural issues are replacing the lack of investment in science and technology, and become the main problems restricting the improvement of the current scientific research environment in China. It requires government management departments and various scientific research institutions to explore macro-and micro-management mechanisms that are more in line with the laws of scientific and technological innovation activities.

　

　　　　Second, the conflict between the increasing demand for scientific autonomy and the administrative science and technology management system has become one of the main contradictions in the macro-management system of science and technology in China.

　

　　　　The intervention of too many external administrative forces makes the degree of independent management of scientific researchers, scientific research institutions and scientific communities insufficient, which not only reduces the efficiency of scientific research and management, but also affects the enthusiasm and sense of accomplishment of scientific researchers as knowledge workers. In particular, some scientific research institutions and management departments lack of attention to the laws of scientific research and innovation activities, and the management methods focus on planning and administration. There is a big gap between the management ability of creative activities and the actual needs of scientific researchers, which leads to the phenomenon of simple management methods, repeated work by scientific researchers and a lot of work in vain to some extent. In addition, the imperfect public participation mechanism in the allocation mechanism of scientific and technological resources leads to the insufficient participation of the scientific community and the public in public scientific and technological affairs, and the low recognition of the fairness and impartiality of the government in allocating resources is also an important reason that affects the positive evaluation of the scientific research environment by researchers.

　

　　　　In short, although the scientific research infrastructure conditions of various units have improved significantly in recent years, all units and government scientific and technological management departments are also vigorously strengthening scientific research performance management, promoting scientific research cooperation, and actively introducing a series of incentive policies for scientific and technological innovation; However, the survey found that researchers still generally feel that it is difficult to give full play to their creativity, and their units and scientific and technological management departments lack systematic and efficient innovation management capabilities, which has become the main obstacle to improving the scientific research environment. This also means that innovation management and cultural issues are replacing the overall lack of investment in scientific and technological resources, becoming an important factor affecting researchers to judge the quality of scientific research environment, and further requiring government management departments and various scientific research institutions to explore macro-and micro-management mechanisms that are more in line with the laws of scientific and technological innovation activities.

　

Suggestions on respecting the law of scientific research activities and promoting the process of independent management of scientific research institutions and researchers

　

　　　　To improve the scientific research environment, we must strengthen the regular understanding of scientific research activities and management, give full play to the initiative and creativity of scientific and technological personnel, and greatly expand the participation scope and discourse power of scientific communities and the public in government scientific and technological affairs. The research group suggested that:

　

　　　　Efforts should be made to ensure the time for scientific researchers to directly engage in scientific research activities.

　

　　　　Increase the steady support for public scientific research institutions, simplify the scientific research management and evaluation mechanism, and shorten the time for scientific researchers to participate in administrative affairs and other social affairs activities; With the positive attitude of "releasing water to raise fish", we will support scientific researchers to concentrate on their scientific research work, and guide front-line scientific researchers to gradually increase their time directly engaged in scientific research activities to three-fifths or even more than four-fifths of their normal working hours.

　

　　　　Piloting the reform of the comprehensive supporting system of different types of scientific research institutions.

　

　　　　Actively explore the governance model of public scientific research institutions in the new period, and select some basic and public research institutes with high scientific research level to carry out pilot reform of comprehensive supporting system. The pilot work focuses on rationalizing the operating mechanism of scientific research institutions in terms of personnel, finance, materials, activities and comprehensive management, and establishes a coordinated scientific research management system of personnel-post-funds-activities-evaluation; While fully mobilizing the initiative and enthusiasm of researchers, we should strengthen the independent management of scientific research at all levels and stimulate the creativity of researchers.

　

　　　　Strengthen the right to speak of scientific community in scientific and technological affairs of the whole society.

　

　　　　Give full play to the academic norms and value guidance functions of the scientific community. Gradually reduce all kinds of scientific and technological awards led by the government; Strengthen the leading role of professional societies, trade associations and other professional groups and social organizations in academician selection, scientific and technological awards and evaluation, suppression of academic misconduct, establishment of academic journals, and dissemination of scientific and technological news; Strengthen peer review in scientific research organization evaluation, project evaluation, talent recruitment and other matters; Let the scientific community rebuild academic norms and innovative values.

　

　　　　Establish a more transparent and higher social participation mechanism for the allocation of scientific and technological resources.

　

　　　　Reform the allocation mechanism of public scientific and technological resources, improve the participation of scientists and the public in the process of public scientific and technological decision-making and project organization and implementation, and reduce the direct intervention of government departments in the process of scientific and technological project organization and implementation. Strengthen the construction of social supervision and management mechanism, and promote the opening of all kinds of scientific and technological projects and scientific and technological infrastructure supported by public finance to the whole society.

　

　　　　Significantly increase the budget for supporting scientific researchers to "go global".

　

　　　　Implement the strategy of "going out" for researchers, and rapidly improve their research vision and international communication ability. Significantly increase the amount of international scientific and technological cooperation and exchange funds of the National Scholarship Fund Committee, China Academy of Sciences and other departments, while building a high-level international academic exchange platform, increase support for front-line scientific researchers and young and middle-aged scientific research management backbones, and maintain the growth rate of more than 30% for three to four consecutive years.

　

　　　　Explore the implementation of "inclusive" science and technology policies and encourage "mass innovation".

　

　　　　Taking generate, which encourages and stimulates the creativity of the whole society, as an important part of the construction of innovative cities, we should not explore and implement the "inclusive" all-staff innovation project for all kinds of enterprises, institutions and the public based on the qualification theory of innovative subjects; Continue to promote the work deployment of "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Innovative Methods" by the four national ministries and commissions, and constantly promote and popularize the knowledge of innovation methodology such as TRIZ in society and various enterprises and institutions; Increase the creative methods and scientific aesthetic education content in primary and secondary education, vocational education and training, and higher education, and form a pluralistic and inclusive mass innovation culture atmosphere for all social subjects. (Author of research group of Institute of Science and Technology Policy and Management Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Leng Min, Song Qi)　

　

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