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Many obese and overweight people take diet pills, drink diet tea, skip dinner and deliberately go on a diet … These unscientific ways of losing weight may also lose weight in the short term, but they affect their health and are easy to rebound.

Lose 10 pounds a month without rebounding.

Concord doctors give three ways to lose weight.

How to lose weight healthily without rebounding? Chen Wei, deputy director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, issued a document in 2020 introducing the scientific weight loss methods used in three hospitals, which are applicable to the general public! ①

1, 5+2 fast food: an average of 5 kg a month.

7 days a week, eat normally for 5 days, and skip food for 2 consecutive days.

Note that this fast food is not to eat nothing, but to limit the food intake. Micronutrients, carbohydrates, fats and protein in the four major nutrients should be taken in proportion. The calorie intake should be properly controlled on non-fasting days. The recommended total calorie for women is 1200-1500 kcal/day, and that for men is 1500-1800 kcal/day. The non-fasting days should be adjusted according to the proportion.

Such intermittent scientific fasting will not only be harmful to health, but also "restart" some functions of the body, which is beneficial to health.

5+2 fast food recipe reference table

[Non-fasting day]

Breakfast at 7:30:

The staple food is 50 grams thick and thin;

Protein food (1 egg+milk/soybean milk 250ml);

A multivitamin.

Extra meal at 10:00:

150 grams of skim yogurt.

Lunch at 12:00:

The staple food is 50 grams thick and thin;

Protein food 100 grams (50 grams of lean meat +1 egg or tofu 100 grams or dried bean curd 50 grams);

250 grams of vegetables.

Extra meal at 16:30:

200 grams of fruit.

Dinner at 18:30:

The staple food is 50 grams thick and thin;

Protein food 100 grams (50 grams of lean meat +1 protein or 100 grams of tofu or 50 grams of dried bean curd);

250 grams of vegetables.

[fasting day]

Breakfast at 7:30:

1 egg;

100g skim milk/low-fat yogurt;

A multivitamin.

Lunch at 12:00:

150 to 200 grams of fruit.

Dinner at 18:30:

25 grams of staple food;

Boiled vegetables 200 grams;

Protein food 50 grams.

Drinking water for the whole day is 2500 ml.

2, limited energy and balanced nutrition diet: an average of 2-4 kg a month.

The total energy intake per day is reduced by 1/3 or by 300-500 kcal.

You can also ignore calories, except water, and reduce all kinds of foods you usually eat, such as the staple food of three meals a day, meat, eggs, vegetables and milk, as well as fruits and yogurt with extra meals, by 1/4 evenly, which is a good "diet meal" if you stick to it for a long time.

The advantage of losing weight in this way is balanced nutrition, and protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements, etc. can be evenly ingested, and the operation is simple and convenient for long-term implementation. The disadvantage is that the speed of weight loss is not fast enough and it needs long-term persistence.

3, low-carbon water and high protein diet: you can lose 10 pounds a month.

Use high-protein foods, such as lean meat, protein, low-fat dairy products and other natural foods, or nutritional products such as protein powder and nutritional meal replacement to replace one to one and a half meals a day, so as to achieve the purpose of limiting the total energy intake and quickly losing weight.

This kind of weight loss is faster, and it can be reduced by 15-20 kg for 3-4 months in a row. People who need short, flat and fast weight loss in clinic generally choose this method. However, it doesn’t conform to our daily eating habits, and if you choose protein powder and meal replacement, you must choose a full-nutrition product that meets the relevant national standards, so that you can meet the nutritional and health needs while losing weight. Don’t mistake it for a weight-loss product that doesn’t meet the requirements.

These methods are selected by doctors by studying the relevant literature at home and abroad, summarizing many weight-loss methods, combining the actual data of mass weight loss and combining the physique of Chinese people.

According to the statistics of outpatient service, with these three methods, overweight or obese people can lose 1-5 kilograms in the first month, and they can lose the same weight every month for three months to six months before reaching their suitable weight, and they can not rebound as long as they continue to adhere to it. Because the weight is regulated by adjusting the food collocation, it has a high degree of safety and is suitable for most people who need to lose weight. ①

Why many people fail to lose weight?

Some people use blind dieting, devil exercise training, taking weight-loss drugs and other methods to lose weight, but they fail to lose weight again and again.

Director Chen Wei issued a document in 2019, saying that because these methods are physically and psychologically destructive to people’s weight loss, they only achieve the goal of reducing "weight" by numbers. Unfortunately, it is not fat but precious water and muscle.

After a little while, you may relax, slack off, and can’t bear the torture. At this time, "weight" will rebound and even increase at a multiple rate. This is what doctors often call the "yo-yo effect" in clinic. The weight drops by 10 kg and rises back to 20 kg! ②

These weight loss misunderstandings should be avoided.

1. Don’t eat or eat dinner after noon.

Although there was a saying in ancient times that "no food after noon", with the development of society and the change of living habits, three meals a day are now advocated.

If you don’t eat dinner, your brain will send out a strong appetite signal when you are on an empty stomach for more than ten hours the next day, preferring high-calorie foods, making it easier to take revenge meals and storing fat more easily. ①

2, don’t eat staple food, only eat water to cook.

Fat-reducing meals such as boiled vegetables are also unreliable, which belongs to the extremely low energy intake method, and similarly, not eating staple foods, etc., which are unhealthy and will rebound quickly once they return to normal diet.

Moreover, the human body also has a certain demand for oil intake. If there is no oil at all or too little oil intake, it may also cause the lack of essential fatty acids and cause diseases. ①

3. Replace normal diet with meal replacement.

Dai Yongmei, director of the Nutrition Department of Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangsu Province, said in the Health Times in 2020 that eating meal replacement did play a certain role in losing weight at the beginning. Compared with simple dieting, it can provide satiety and supplement nutrition at the same time, but don’t just eat meal replacement all day.

Food should be reduced by combining reasonable diet with meal replacement. For example, properly reduce the intake of staple food, replace it with meal replacement powder or meal replacement stick, and eat other vegetables, fish and shrimp as usual. ③

4. Lose weight by eating fruit

Zhang Xiaoyan, former director of the Nutrition Department of Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province, said in the Health Times article in 2019 that many people have heard that eating fruit is good for losing weight, so they eat a lot of fruit a day, but they have gained weight unexpectedly.

Some fruits are not low in calories. A bowl of rice contains about 75 grams of carbohydrates, and half a watermelon is equivalent to two bowls of rice. If you eat a lot of fruit in addition to the normal three meals, losing weight is just a dream. If you like to eat high-calorie fruits like durian again, you will only get fatter and fatter. ④

5. Eat a lot of coarse grains

Some people eat a lot of coarse grains and think they can clear their intestines and lose weight. Yu Wanting, a clinical nutritionist in the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, said in the Health Times article in 2018 that coarse grains can supplement dietary fiber and contain more B vitamins.

However, if suddenly ingested in large quantities, the stomach and intestines are difficult to adapt in a short time, but it is easy to cause indigestion. If you eat too much coarse grains and can’t replenish enough water, it is easy to aggravate constipation. ⑤

6. Use weight-loss drugs

Huang Fang, a physician in the Department of Critical Care Medicine in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, said in the Health Times in 2018 that some weight-loss drugs on the market have not been clinically tested and have not been approved by the state. These drugs contain substances that act on the brain, thyroid and liver, laxatives and other ingredients, and the dosage is not clear. After taking them, they are very harmful and cannot really lose weight.

Don’t take medicine on your own to lose weight. It’s better to eat and exercise. Even taking medicine should be carried out under the guidance of a hospital nutritionist. ⑥

Finally, it should be emphasized that the ideal weight loss effect can be achieved simply by adjusting diet, but if you want to be healthy, you should also exercise moderately!

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1 2020-12-18 Beijing Evening News "Peking Union Medical College Hospital shares weight loss cheats, come in and copy recipes! 》

②2019-10-27 Good Doctor Online "Chen Wei" "Losing weight failed, you must have adopted the wrong method to lose weight".

③2020-06-09 Health Times "Keep in mind the" three noes "in diet replacement"

④2019-08-02 Health Times "Eating fruit may not necessarily reduce weight"

⑤2018-03-06 Health Times "Don’t go to extremes"

6 2018-05-29 Health Times "Depressed after taking diet pills! 》

Original title: "Losing 10 pounds a month does not rebound! Concord doctor gives 3 scientific weight loss methods! 》

Read the original text

　　Geophysics, Paleontology, Forensic Medicine, Archaeology … … Every graduation season, the employment and internship places of these "high-cold" majors have become hot topics on the Internet. The archaeological major, which has always brought its own mysterious aura, has also made many followers curious: do you want to learn to read a compass when studying archaeology? Have you ever met a thousand-year-old incorruptible body in a tomb-robbing novel … … Zhou Li, a graduate student of the Department of Archaeology of Sichuan University, is currently working as an intern in Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology (hereinafter referred to as "Chengdu Archaeological Institute"). When she heard the questions of these "amateur archaeologists", she covered her mouth and laughed. "When dealing with archaeology, there is freshness and expectation every day. Because, you don’t know what treasure you will dig today! " Participating in the Project: Baodun Site in Xinjin

　　Explore the hole during the day and keep a diary at night.

　　Zhou Li, 23, is already a "senior" intern. Speaking of the first time I went out to the construction site with the brothers of the archaeological team, Zhou Li described the taste as "five flavors" after some aftertaste. At that time, Zhou Li and other students participated in the field archaeological work of Baodun Site in Xinjin as interns. For the first time, Zhou Li went from theoretical textbooks to real actual combat. Like everyone else, Zhou Li was both novel and excited, carrying Luoyang shovel, and she was going to team up to dig for treasures. In the vision of Zhou Li and his party, "the exploration party at the archaeological site has been dug. When we arrive, we will go directly to the exploration party and start excavating cultural relics." The fact is, after the brother who led the way left a sentence "This is it", everyone was at a loss. Zhou Li looked around and saw a paddy field crop. Where is the agent? "Brother told us that the task of the first day of internship was to probe the hole with a shovel in this crop field, and then determine the approximate position of the probe."

　　The so-called probing hole is to use a shovel to probe the soil layer. The shovel pokes hard into the ground, and the deepest one can reach two or three meters underground. After the shovel is put forward, it will bring out the soil. "Through the information of the soil layer, you can know whether there is a cultural accumulation layer underground. Experienced archaeologists rely on the soil layer to show ‘ Information ’ Basically, cultural relics can be determined. " Zhou Li described reading soil information as "making the soil speak". This work can be said to be a double test of physical strength and experience. "We took a shovel and poked around in the fields, blowing the wind in winter, and our mood was like riding a roller coaster, from excitement to confusion. Not only that, at the end of the day, the whole person is tired ‘ Dog ’ 。” However, the first day’s internship is far from over. According to the requirements of the archaeological teacher, after completing the field work, I have to write a diary of exploration on the same day. Like the first field archaeology, the exploration diary is something that interns have never been exposed to in textbooks before. "The students sat together at 8 o’clock in the evening to discuss how to write a diary and play their respective roles. Some are lyrical, some keep a running account, and they have been busy until 12 o’clock in the evening before finally stumbling through their reports. Showing it to the teachers the next day is naturally a variety of unprofessional jokes. " For these "new recruits" who are out in the wild for the first time,The whole three-month internship period was spent in the local area.

　　Participating in the Project: Tomb Groups in Chengdu during the Warring States Period.

　　Check back and forth thousands of square meters of construction sites.

　　This summer vacation, Zhou Li once again came to Chengdu Archaeological Institute as an intern. This time, the archaeological site she was sent to was a tomb group in the Warring States period in Baishou Road, Chengdu. Zhou Li’s internship site this time is an ancient tomb group, and some non-archaeological friends around her can’t stop asking curiously: "Is there a body that hasn’t rotted for thousands of years in that ancient tomb?" Talking about the poisoning phenomenon of my friends’ Ghost Blowing Lights, Zhou Li laughed heartily. "I have only touched the remains of a thousand years, but I have never seen a corpse that does not rot for a thousand years."

　　Most girls of the same age talk about ancient tombs, which are somewhat timid. When Zhou Li talks about this tomb group in the Warring States period, she is excited. "This is my first contact with tombs, and it is a large-scale tomb group in the Warring States period! When I came to practice this year, I was delighted to hear that the teacher of the Archaeological Institute arranged for me to practice at this site. I can learn the steps of tomb excavation, and if I’m lucky, I may have a chance to see how the remains are restored … …” Zhou Li talked cheerfully about the possible "adventures" in the excavation of ancient tombs. For her "female man" side, Zhou Li was a little embarrassed to explain, "After all, I am in contact with this major. It is normal to touch the remains with my own hands, and it will be a bit ‘ Female man ’ Yes. "

　　Zhou Li said that this tomb group of the Warring States period began to be excavated at the end of last year, and the current excavation area is about four or five thousand square meters. In this internship, Zhou Li has the ability to stand alone. "At the beginning of the internship, each of our interns was only responsible for the exploration of their own. This time it’s different. When thousands of square meters of construction sites are busy, I have to check back and forth for each agent. "

　　What were the tombs like during the Warring States Period? Is there a deep and narrow tunnel? Regarding the reporter’s curiosity, Zhou Li explained, "The design of the tunnel outside the tomb was a tomb culture that began to appear in the Han Dynasty. In the tombs of the Warring States period, wooden boards or coffins were placed directly in the tomb pit." A few simple words of archaeological science can show that Zhou Li has gained a lot in this internship.

　　notes written by a director or actor in preparing for a performance

　　Using "scraps of paper" to make a line drawing of objects

　　It was still raining cats and dogs in Chengdu on July 6th, and it was impossible to go to the archaeological site in this weather — — In the field of archaeology, the archaeological site being excavated is called "construction site" in the jargon. The days when you don’t go to the construction site don’t mean that today will be easy. As an intern, even if Zhou Li can’t go to the construction site that day, she still needs to appear at Chengdu Archaeological Institute on time at 9:30 in the morning to start data sorting. "Desk sorting is a very important fine work, and all the information on the archaeological site needs to be clearly reflected in the materials. What I’m doing now is a line diagram of objects. Look at my little note on the table. I don’t know it. I thought it was all waste paper scraps. In fact, these things are very important. " On Zhou Li’s desk, rows of small pieces of paper cut into two or three centimeters were neatly placed. I picked up a piece of paper and looked closely. I saw all kinds of round or flat shapes and patterns painted on it, and some different codes and numbers were written under the patterns. Zhou Li explained, "This pattern is a face jar unearthed from Baodun site, and the bottom is marked H5: 1. H5 means that this face jar was unearthed in No.5 ash pit, and the object number is No.1." It turned out that these pieces of paper were all related materials excavated in the ancient ruins such as Baodun Site, and different cultural relics were unearthed in different strata. What Zhou Li did was to cut out all the cultural relics unearthed in each stratum in the exploration area, and then stick them on paper one by one according to the order of accumulation layers at the time of excavation.Make a map of objects. In the face of such trivial and meticulous finishing work, Zhou Li hummed a ditty and did it with great interest. The reason she gave was: "Because I like archaeology, even if things are hard and tired, the experience is ‘ Pain and happiness ’ " .

　　Experience in practice

　　Archaeological research is like solving crimes by criminal police.

　　At first, Zhou Li’s major in university was actually the history department. When she was a freshman last semester, Zhou Li listened in on several courses of the archaeology department, and her obsession with archaeology became out of control, so she turned from the history department to the archaeology department.

　　Despite the hard work of archaeology, Zhou Li is still full of energy. "In the past, we just watched other archaeologists unearth one piece of unearthed cultural relics. In the days of internship, after I really unearthed a cultural relic, the sense of accomplishment of participating in history came to life, not to mention how great it was!"

　　In Zhou Li’s words, archaeological research is like criminal police solving a case. "At the archaeological site, we see the scene, the remains after the behavior, and what we want to pursue is the behavior process and the complex cause. The pottery pieces, stone tools and bones in the stratum are all social ‘ Incoming words ’ Evidence of. What they say ‘ Words ’ From the moment it was excavated, it was in my hands and eyes and needed a little interpretation. " With the deepening of archaeological excavation of this tomb group during the Warring States period, like everyone else, Zhou Li became more and more curious about the identity of the tomb owner. Who is the tomb owner? What kind of past? What is his relationship with the owners of these tombs around him … … The answers to these questions are inextricably linked with the unearthed cultural relics. "So, whenever I think about these questions and hold the unearthed objects in the tomb, I will always mobilize all the knowledge radar to interpret them, and judge the social class of the tomb owner through the information such as the ornamentation and exquisiteness of the buried objects, so that the buried cultural relics can be ‘ Speak ’ 。” Zhou Li described the experience of being an archaeological intern as being fresh every day, "because you don’t know what treasures will be dug up today!" "

　　■ Tianfu Morning Post reporter Zheng Qi photographed Li Guodong (some pictures were provided by the respondents)

　　■ "Wonderful" major

　　Golf management major

　　As early as 1997, Shenzhen University established the Golf College, offering golf management, golf venue management, golf sports and training and other related majors. Subsequently, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Beijing Forestry University, Tongji University, Guangzhou University and other universities have also set up golf-related majors.

　　Funeral management specialty

　　There are two major disciplines in the Department of Funeral in changsha social work college, namely, modern funeral technology and management and cemetery design. Among them, there are three disciplines under the direction of modern funeral technology and management, namely, funeral service, funeral equipment and anti-corrosion and cosmetic surgery.

　　Lottery research major

　　The National Lottery Development Research Institute of Beijing Normal University was established in 2012, but there are few students. In the enrollment brochure of "Master of Public Administration in 2015" of National Lottery Development Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, there is no previous lottery management direction.

　　Horse science major

　　In 2011, Qingdao Agricultural University set up animal science (horse science major), which covers horse production management, horse nutrition and feed, horse breeding and reproduction, horse training and nursing, equestrian foundation and so on.

　　Marijuana cultivation specialty

　　One of the earliest cannabis cultivation majors in the world has been set up at the University of Ochstein in California.

　　Horror film research major

　　The University of Derby in England has set up a new master’s degree specializing in thriller movies, which can well satisfy some people’s preferences. The courses of this major include a series of topics such as ghosts, murders and vampires.

　　International housekeeper major

　　In 2006, Wuhan Vocational College of Commerce and Trade took the lead in setting up "International Butler Major" in universities across the country.

CCTV News:2021 is the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the National Bureau of Statistics announced the annual price index for 2021 on January 12th. The data shows that in 2021, China’s prices generally operate in a reasonable range.

The data shows that in 2021, the national consumer price rose by 0.9% over the previous year.

From the chart, we can see that in the past year, China’s consumer price index showed a low and stable operation trend.

The consumer price of residents is stable, and the supply of important livelihood commodities is sufficient.

As a "hundred-price basis", the grain price will run smoothly in 2021, 1-mdash; In December, on average, the consumer price of grain increased by 1.1% year-on-year. Behind the stable price is the bumper harvest of China’s grain.

With the continuous recovery of pig production, in 2021, the price of pork, which accounts for a high weight in the consumer price index CPI, has basically returned to the average level in normal years.

1— In December, the average price of fresh vegetables increased slightly year-on-year, at 5.6%, which was equivalent to the average level in previous years.

The ex-factory price of industrial producers increased by 8.1% over the previous year.

In 2021, the ex-factory price of industrial producers increased by 8.1% over the previous year.

From the trend chart, we can see that from January 2021, China’s PPI rose rapidly from negative to positive year-on-year. After the increase stabilized temporarily from May to July, the increase expanded again in August, reaching 13.5% year-on-year in October, the biggest increase for many years.

In order to stabilize commodity prices and ease the operating pressure of downstream enterprises, the state has taken a series of measures to ensure supply and stabilize prices in time. At present, the prices of thermal coal, iron ore and steel have dropped by about 25%— 70%。

Perfecting the manufacturing system, digesting the price increase factors of raw materials step by step

Thanks to China’s perfect manufacturing system, the price increase factors of bulk raw materials are gradually digested in the industrial chain, and the prices of end consumer goods have remained basically stable. The data shows that 1— In December, on average, the prices of upstream means of production rose by 10.7% year-on-year, while the prices of terminal means of subsistence only rose by 0.4% year-on-year.

　　From grandma to father, the job of electrician has been passed down for more than 40 years by Gao Yi, a family from Hebei. When he was a child, he looked up at his father who worked on a telephone pole and thought the job was really "cool". When he grew up, he also chose to climb tens of meters of cement poles and fight for the "bright" cause of thousands of families in square inches.

　　Fade away the campus youth and feel the value of electrician at the grass-roots level

　　Where to start the work and how to apply the knowledge learned in the university … … He just joined Dongguang Power Supply Company, and he was very confused. Later, when chatting with some old employees, they suggested Gao Yi: "Come with us to the scene next time and see if you can learn something in the emergency repair and line inspection."

　　Once, an old master pointed to a telephone pole and asked Gao Yi, "Look with your eyes, how far is this pole from us?" "It’s 60 meters anyway." The master took out his instrument and said, "I think it is 100 meters." Measure with an instrument, 98 meters. The master said to Gao Yi earnestly, "Without investigation, there is no right to speak. What you see with your eyes is not necessarily true. You ‘ College students ’ Do more exercise and study at the grassroots level in the future. "

　　At the grassroots level, Gao Yi gradually understood the value and significance of the existence of electricians.

　　At the beginning of 2018, Gao Yi was transferred to the power supply station with the widest power supply area in Dongguang County, which was responsible for the electricity demand of more than 17,000 households and nearly 70,000 villagers. One day in March, a strong wind came suddenly with heavy rain. At 6 o’clock in the morning, Gao Yi, who was on duty, received a phone call from the villagers in Xindian Village: "The telephone poles have fallen … …”

　　Hang up the phone, Gao Yi called a dozen colleagues and rushed to Xindian Village with equipment. The temperature was extremely low that day, and it kept raining. The car carrying the telephone pole was stuck in the mud and couldn’t move. Gao Yi and his colleagues pushed it bit by bit, carried the broken pole out, and then brought the new pole in and set it up. At that time, the pole was covered with ice formed by rain, and it was difficult to slide. They can only take the flame spray gun, spray a little in the previous step, and wipe it with a cloth immediately after spraying. "If you don’t wipe it, it will form ice again in a few seconds."

　　After five hours of non-stop repair by Gao Yi and his colleagues, power supply was finally restored to more than 10,000 villagers on the whole line.

　　Take a good lead in rural electrification construction project

　　In 2013, Gao Yi was transferred to the Development and Construction Department of Dongguang Power Supply Company and took charge of the project.

　　Gao Yi’s first project is to help the village construction, which is a key project in Hebei Province to improve the rural power supply and consumption environment. Although Gao Yi and his colleagues made sufficient preparations and had already negotiated with the village committee and villagers, an unexpected situation appeared during the construction. A villager was dissatisfied with the fact that the electric wire passed above his homestead. "He said that if he built three or four floors in the future, the height of the electric wire would not meet the safe distance." In the face of the villagers’ sudden "special" requirements, at that time, Gao Yi could only negotiate with the villagers, re-measure and revise the drawings.

　　Overcoming the bad weather such as thunderstorm and strong wind during the construction process and solving various emergencies, Gao Yi and his colleagues finally successfully completed dozens of renovation projects in various villages, making more than 30,000 villagers in dozens of villages use safe electricity. An aunt in the village smiled and said to Gao Yi: "In the past, the voltage was low, the air conditioning and refrigeration didn’t work, and the fan didn’t work hard. Now, the voltage is high and stable, and the wind blown by the air conditioner is twice as cold. "

　　After owning nearly 100 patented products, it attacked "management innovation"

　　After years of hard work in basic technical posts, Gao Yi has nearly 100 patents, but his thoughts have not stopped there. He secretly set a goal to achieve a leap from "tool innovation" to "management innovation". In 2016, it coincided with the Youth Innovation and Creative Competition held by State Grid Corporation of China. Gao Yi carried out in-depth practice on the idea of VR that had been lingering in his mind and made it the first power training software in China.

　　Gao Yi introduced that in his years of work, he found that due to the shortage of teachers and equipment, the company’s training for employees could not always be carried out very efficiently. So, he showed the training content of power system with VR technology, and employees can receive training by wearing VR equipment and using the made software. After the software was tried out in the company, Gao Yi was very surprised by the feedback from employees. "Many employees like this training method and have learned a lot from it."

　　After completing the project of VR training software, Gao Yi also tried to make a power VR business platform. "Now the power business hall has a physical business hall, an online business hall and a mobile APP business hall. Why can’t there be a VR business hall?" Users can communicate with shop assistants (NPC) face to face and one to one through VR equipment.

　　Up to now, Gao Yi has obtained 91 national patents. Gao Yi’s inventions have brought many beneficial changes to his work. The unit supported Gao Yi to set up an innovation studio to drive more young employees to participate in the innovation work.

Beijing Zhengban made [2000] No.102

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　The detailed rules for the implementation of the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Assessment of the Work Objectives of Beijing Municipal State Administrative Organs in Strict Governance (for Trial Implementation) formulated by the Municipal Personnel Bureau have been approved by the municipal government and are hereby forwarded to you, please follow them.

　　According to the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Assessment of the Implementation of Work Objectives by Beijing Municipal State Administrative Organs (issued by the Beijing Municipal Government’s Document No.20 [2000]), the Beijing Municipal Supervision and Assessment Office is responsible for the supervision and assessment of the implementation of work objectives in this Municipality. The Beijing Municipal Supervision and Assessment Office is located in the Municipal Personnel Bureau, and its daily work is undertaken by the Municipal Personnel Bureau and the general office of the municipal government. The list of members is as follows:

　　Chairman: Secretary-General of Huang Chengxiang Municipal Government and Director of General Office of Municipal Government.

　　Deputy Director: Deputy Secretary-General of Li Aiqing Municipal Government and Deputy Director of the General Office of the Municipal Government.

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Director of Personnel Bureau of Xintieliang City

　　Member: Deputy Director of the General Office of Pan Liqun Municipal Government

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Deputy Director of Legislative Affairs Office of Zhou Jidong Municipal Government

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Deputy Director of Personnel Bureau of Huangqiang City

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Director of Statistics Bureau of Tanglong City

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Deputy Director of Finance Bureau of Luoqing City

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Wang Rengen, Deputy Director of Municipal Supervision Bureau

　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Cui Yimin, Deputy Secretary of directly under the authority Working Committee

　　September 6, 2000　　

Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Assessment of the Work Objectives of Beijing Municipal State Administrative Organs (for Trial Implementation)

　　In order to implement the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Assessment of the Work Objectives of Beijing Municipal State Administrative Organs in Strict Governance (issued by the document No.20 of Beijing Zhengfa [2000] of the municipal government, hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures for Supervision and Assessment), strengthen the supervision and assessment of the implementation of the work objectives, and comprehensively complete all the work objectives and tasks, these detailed implementation rules (for Trial Implementation) are formulated.

　　First, the object of supervision and assessment

　　The municipal state administrative organs (including the general office of the municipal government, the constituent departments of the municipal government, the institutions directly under the municipal government, the management institutions of the municipal government departments, the Beijing Municipal People’s Air Defense Office, the Office of the Capital Greening Committee, and the Beijing Municipal Information Office, hereinafter referred to as the municipal government departments) are the objects of supervision and assessment.

　　Second, the content of supervision and assessment

　　(a) the completion of the work objectives of the municipal government departments this year. The work objective mainly includes: the name of the work objective, the guarantee measures to complete the work objective, the work standard, the completion time, the responsible person, etc. To determine the work objectives, we should adhere to the principles of clear objectives, prominent focus, detailed content, easy inspection and simple operation. The guarantee measures to achieve the work objectives refer to the organizational guarantee, material guarantee and specific working methods provided by the department; Work standards refer to the degree of work objectives that should be completed within the prescribed time limit, and should be quantified as much as possible.

　　(two) the completion of the special tasks of the municipal government departments this year. Special tasks include: doing practical things for the masses announced by the municipal government; Municipal government passbook project; Letter of responsibility signed by the mayor and the municipal government departments; Important tasks of municipal government documents and meeting arrangements; City leaders instructions, assigned matters, etc.

　　(three) the implementation of the implementation plan of the municipal government departments to promote the administration according to law. Mainly includes: the administrative behavior of the municipal government departments, administrative law enforcement and so on.

　　(four) the construction of a clean government in the municipal government departments. It mainly includes: honest and diligent administration, administrative discipline and work style, compliance with laws and regulations, etc.

　　Three, supervision and assessment departments and specific division of labor

　　Beijing Municipal Supervision and Assessment Office (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Supervision and Assessment Office) is responsible for the supervision and assessment of the implementation of the work objectives of the municipal state administrative organs. The Municipal Supervision Examination Office is a temporary organization, composed of relevant personnel from the general office of the municipal government, the Municipal Personnel Bureau, the Legislative Affairs Office of the municipal government, the Municipal Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Statistics, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal directly under the authority Municipal Working Committee and other departments. The daily work is shared by the Municipal Personnel Bureau and the general office of the municipal government.

　　The division of labor of the member units of the Municipal Supervision and Examination Office is as follows: the Municipal Personnel Bureau undertakes the supervision and examination of the completion of the work objectives of the municipal government departments; The general office of the municipal government undertakes the supervision and assessment of the completion of special tasks of the municipal government departments; The Legislative Affairs Office of the municipal government undertakes the supervision and assessment of the implementation of administration according to law by the municipal government departments; The Municipal Supervision Bureau undertakes the supervision and assessment of the construction of a clean government in the working departments of the municipal government. Each member unit shall, according to the division of work, formulate the inspection and evaluation elements, standards and methods for the contents of supervision and assessment, and carry out supervision and assessment work.

　　Four, supervision and assessment procedures

　　(a) to determine the content of supervision and assessment.

　　The working department of the municipal government shall, according to its functional allocation and the city’s key work in that year, carefully fill out the "target decomposition table of the working department of the municipal government", and with the consent of the deputy mayor in charge, submit it to the Municipal Dukaoban before the end of February each year, and the Municipal Dukaoban will be included in the contents of the supervision and assessment in that year. For the work objectives that have been included in the supervision and assessment, if they need to be adjusted due to special circumstances, the consent of the deputy mayor in charge should be obtained in advance.

　　The completion of the special tasks of the municipal government departments this year, the implementation of the implementation plan of administrative work according to law, and the construction of a clean government, etc., were included in the supervision and assessment content of the year.　　　

　　(2) Daily supervision.

　　The Municipal Supervision and Examination Office conducts daily inspections on the evaluated municipal government departments, conducts irregular inspections on the contents of the inspections and assessments, and timely and accurately fills in the inspection and assessment records, which is an important basis for the year-end assessment of the municipal government departments.

　　(3) Spot check for half a year.

　　In July each year, the Municipal Supervision and Examination Office forms an inspection and assessment team, and selects some departments that undertake more key work of the municipal government this year to conduct spot checks for half a year. Half a year’s spot checks are mainly carried out by means of holding a forum and on-the-spot inspection, focusing on the completion of the key tasks and work objectives of the municipal government undertaken by the municipal government departments.　

　　(4) year-end assessment.

　　At the end of each year, the municipal government departments for year-end assessment. The year-end assessment is mainly carried out in accordance with the steps of self-examination by the working department of the municipal government, inspection by the municipal governor’s office, opinion polls, recommendation by leading comrades, and determination of the order of supervision and assessment by the mayor’s office.

　　1。 The department conducts self-examination and self-evaluation. Before the end of each year, each department shall conduct self-examination item by item according to the work objectives set at the beginning of the year. The contents of the self-inspection include: whether the work objectives are completed within the prescribed time limit and whether they meet the prescribed standards. The reasons for the failure to complete and the failure to complete the target on time and according to the standard should be explained in detail. After the end of the self-examination, the summary report of this year’s supervision and assessment and the self-examination shall be reported to the municipal governor for examination.

　　2。 City Governor Kaoban checks and evaluates the contents of various inspections and assessments. After receiving the summary report of supervision and assessment from various departments, the Municipal Supervision and Examination Office will form an assessment team to conduct in-depth on-site inspection and verification. Combined with the daily inspection and half-year spot checks, the contents of the annual work objectives, special tasks, administration according to law, and the construction of a clean government are evaluated item by item in accordance with the assessment criteria stipulated in the Interim Measures for Supervision and Assessment.

　　3。 Poll. The investigation institutions recognized by the state shall, within a certain scope, ask the public to evaluate the various departments of the municipal government in four aspects: satisfaction, satisfaction, dissatisfaction and uncertainty, and make a statistical summary.

　　4。 Recommended by leaders. By the mayor, deputy mayor, secretary general of the municipal government, deputy secretary general of the municipal government and the main leading comrades of the assessed department, they voted to recommend excellent sub-grade departments.

　　5。 Determine the order of supervision and assessment. City Governor Kaoban comprehensively evaluates the contents of various inspections and assessments, and puts forward preliminary evaluation opinions of excellent, good, medium and poor grades. Together with the results of opinion polls and recommendation by leaders, it is reported to the mayor and executive deputy mayor, and submitted to the mayor’s office meeting to study and determine the annual inspection and assessment grades of the municipal government departments.

　　V. Work related to supervision and assessment

　　After evaluating the order of supervision and examination, the following work shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Interim Measures for Supervision and Examination:

　　(1) Informing the inspection and assessment results. The municipal government announced the results of supervision and assessment to the public through the news media, and awarded the title of "Outstanding Performance Unit" to the departments that obtained excellent results and informed the commendation.

　　(two) the allocation of outstanding assessment and reward indicators. By the Municipal Personnel Bureau, according to the provisions of the Interim Measures for Supervision and Assessment, the indicators of outstanding personnel and rewarded personnel in the annual assessment of national civil servants in various departments were issued.

　　(three) the issuance of recognition and reward funds. According to the results of the inspection and assessment approved by the Municipal Supervision and Examination Office, the municipal finance will give the best departments, according to the per capita 1000 yuan, and the maximum number of departments will not exceed 100,000 yuan; To obtain a good department, according to the per capita 700 yuan, the department does not exceed 70 thousand yuan at most, and the award funds are issued.

　　(four) to find the reasons for timely rectification. To get the difference between the municipal government departments, in addition to the measures such as reducing the outstanding and reward indicators in the annual national civil service assessment in accordance with the regulations, the department should also carefully find out the reasons, put forward practical improvement measures, and report them to the municipal supervisory examination office for the record.

　　(five) to provide the basis for examination and use. The municipal supervision and examination office will submit the relevant materials of annual supervision and examination to the relevant departments of the municipal party Committee to provide a basis for the assessment, rewards and punishments, and the use of leading cadres in the assessed departments.

　　Six, the detailed rules for the implementation (Trial) specific issues in the implementation, by the Municipal Personnel Bureau is responsible for the interpretation of.

　　Seven, the implementation details (Trial) from the date of promulgation.

In 2020, in the face of the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, China’s communications industry resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, fully supported the epidemic prevention and control work, actively promoted the construction of a network power, realized the 5G network coverage of all prefecture-level cities in the country, and continuously improved the capacity of new information infrastructure, providing strong support for accelerating the development of the digital economy and building a new development pattern.

First, the industry maintained a stable operation

(A) the growth rate of telecom business income rebounded, and the total telecom business increased rapidly.

According to preliminary accounting, in 2020, the telecom business revenue totaled 1.36 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year, and the growth rate increased by 2.9 percentage points. According to the price of last year, the total telecommunications business was 1.5 trillion yuan, up 20.6% year-on-year.

Figure 1-1 Telecom Business Revenue Growth from 2015 to 2020

(B) The fixed communications business grew rapidly, and the driving role of emerging services was obvious.

In 2020, the revenue of fixed communication business reached 467.3 billion yuan, up by 12% over the previous year, accounting for 34.5% of the telecom business revenue, up by 2.8 percentage points over the previous year, and the proportion increased for three consecutive years.

Figure 1-2 Revenue Proportion of Mobile Communication Business and Fixed Communication Business from 2015 to 2020

Apply new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and vigorously expand emerging businesses, making fixed value-added and other businesses the first engine of growth. In 2020, the revenue of fixed data and Internet services reached 237.6 billion yuan, up by 9.2% over the previous year, and its proportion in the telecom business revenue increased from 16.6% in the previous year to 17.5%, which boosted the telecom business revenue growth by 1.53 percentage points and contributed 42.9% to the telecom business revenue growth of the whole industry. The revenue of fixed value-added services reached 174.3 billion yuan, up by 26.9% over the previous year, and its proportion in telecom business revenue increased from 10.5% in the previous year to 12.9%, which boosted the telecom business revenue growth by 2.82 percentage points and contributed 79.1% to the revenue growth. Among them, the revenue of data center business, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things business increased by 22.2%, 85.8%, 35.2% and 17.7% respectively over the previous year; IPTV (Internet TV) business revenue was 33.5 billion yuan, up by 13.6% over the previous year.

Figure 1-3 Revenue Development of Fixed Data and Internet Services from 2015 to 2020

(3) The proportion of mobile communication services has declined, and data and Internet services are still important sources of income.

In 2020, the revenue of mobile communication business was 889.1 billion yuan, down by 0.4% from the previous year, and its proportion in telecom business revenue dropped to 65.5%, down by 6.4 percentage points from the peak in 2017. Among them, the revenue from mobile data and Internet services was 620.4 billion yuan, up by 1.7% over the previous year, and its proportion in the telecom business revenue dropped from 46.6% in the previous year to 45.7%, which boosted the telecom business revenue growth by 0.79 percentage points and contributed 22.3% to the revenue growth.

Figure 1-4 Revenue Development of Mobile Data and Internet Services from 2015 to 2020

Second, the network speeds up and the universal service develops in depth.

(1) The scale of mobile phone users declined slightly, and the penetration rate of 4G users exceeded 80%.

In 2020, there will be a net decrease of 16.4 million telephone users nationwide, and the total number will fall back to 1.776 billion. Among them, the total number of mobile phone users was 1.594 billion, with a net decrease of 7.28 million, and the penetration rate was 113.9/100 people, down 0.5/100 people from the end of last year. The total number of 4G users reached 1.289 billion, with a net increase of 6.79 million, accounting for 80.8% of the number of mobile phone users. The total number of fixed telephone users was 182 million, with a net decrease of 9.13 million, and the penetration rate dropped to 13 per 100 people.

Figure 2-1 Development of fixed-line and mobile phone penetration rate from 2010 to 2020

Figure 2-2 Mobile phone penetration rate by province in 2020

(2) Nearly 90% of the 100-megabit broadband is available, and the upgrade to gigabit broadband access is accelerated.

The pace of network speed-up has been accelerated, and the promotion of gigabit broadband services has been continuously promoted. By the end of 2020, the total number of fixed Internet broadband access users of the three basic telecommunications enterprises reached 484 million, with a net increase of 34.27 million. Among them, the total number of fixed Internet broadband access users with access rate of 100Mbps or above reached 435 million, with a net increase of 50.74 million, accounting for 89.9% of the total fixed broadband users, accounting for 4.5 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; The number of users with access rates of 1000Mbps and above reached 6.4 million, a net increase of 5.53 million over the end of last year.

Figure 2-3 Proportion of Fixed Internet Broadband Users with Different Access Rates in 2019 and 2020

(3) Universal telecommunications services continued to advance, and rural broadband users grew rapidly.

By the end of 2020, the total number of rural broadband users in China reached 142 million, with a net increase of 7.12 million, up 5.3% from the end of last year. The proportion of optical fiber and 4G in administrative villages in China exceeds 98%, and the average download rate in the pilot areas of universal telecommunications service exceeds 70M, so that rural areas and cities can achieve "the same network and the same speed".

Figure 2-4 Rural Broadband Access Users and Their Proportion in 2015-2020

(D) The development of new formats was accelerated, and the number of cellular Internet of Things users increased rapidly.

Promote transformation and upgrading, accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G network, Internet of Things, big data and industrial Internet, and promote the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing industry, with further results. By the end of 2020, the three basic telecommunications companies had developed 1.136 billion cellular Internet of Things users, with a net increase of 108 million users in the whole year, among which the end users used in intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation and intelligent public utilities accounted for 18.5%, 18.3% and 22.1% respectively. The total number of IPTV users reached 315 million, with a net increase of 21.2 million.

Third, the scale of mobile data traffic consumption continues to expand.

(A) Mobile Internet traffic grew rapidly, with the monthly average household traffic (DOU) reaching 10GB.

Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the new lifestyle of "staying at home", the demand for mobile Internet applications has surged, and online consumption has been extremely active. Short video, live broadcast and other high-traffic application scenarios have driven the rapid growth of mobile Internet traffic. In 2020, the consumption of mobile Internet access traffic reached 165.6 billion GB, an increase of 35.7% over the previous year. The average monthly mobile Internet traffic (DOU) reached 10.35GB/ household month, an increase of 32% over the previous year. In December, the DOU was as high as 11.92GB/ household month. Among them, mobile Internet traffic reached 156.8 billion GB, up 29.6% over the previous year, accounting for 94.7% of the total traffic.

Figure 3-1 Mobile Internet Traffic and Monthly DOU Growth from 2015 to 2020

Figure 3-2 Current Traffic and DOU of Mobile Internet Access in 2020

(B) Mobile SMS business is still out of sync, voice business continues to decline.

In 2020, the national mobile SMS business volume increased by 18.1% over the previous year, and the growth rate decreased by 14.1 percentage points over the previous year; The revenue of mobile short message service increased by 2.4% compared with the previous year, and the growth difference of mobile short message service decreased from 33% in the previous year to 15.7%. The influence of Internet application on voice service substitution continues to deepen. In 2020, the length of outgoing calls on mobile phones nationwide was 2.24 trillion minutes, down 6.2% from the previous year.

Figure 3-3 Growth of Mobile SMS Business and Revenue from 2015 to 2020

Figure 3-4 Growth of Mobile Phone Users and Calls from 2014 to 2019

Fourth, the network infrastructure capacity continued to upgrade.

(1) Investment in fixed assets grew rapidly, and the proportion of mobile investment continued to rise.

In 2020, the three basic telecommunications companies and China Tower Co., Ltd. completed a total investment of 407.2 billion yuan in fixed assets, an increase of 11% over the previous year, and the growth rate increased by 6.3 percentage points. Among them, the investment in fixed assets of mobile communication ranked first, with an investment of 215.4 billion yuan, accounting for 52.9% of the total investment, accounting for 5.1 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.

(2) The network infrastructure was optimized and upgraded, and the construction of 5G networks was steadily advanced.

Accelerate the construction of 5G networks, constantly eliminate blind spots in network coverage, improve network quality, enhance network supply and service capabilities, and continuously make new progress in the construction of a new generation of information and communication networks. In 2020, the length of new optical cable lines will be 4.28 million kilometers, and the total length of national optical cable lines has reached 51.69 million kilometers. By the end of 2020, the number of Internet broadband access ports reached 946 million, a net increase of 30.27 million over the end of last year. Among them, FTTH/0 ports reached 880 million, a net increase of 43.61 million over the end of last year, and the proportion of Internet access ports increased from 91.3% at the end of last year to 93%. The number of xDSL ports dropped to 6.49 million, accounting for 0.7%.

Figure 4-1 Development of Internet Broadband Access Ports from 2015 to 2020

In 2020, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China will reach 9.31 million, with a net increase of 900,000. Among them, the total number of 4G base stations reached 5.75 million, and urban areas achieved deep coverage. The construction of 5G network has been steadily advanced. According to the principle of moderate advancement, more than 600,000 new 5G base stations have been built, and all of them have opened more than 718,000. Among them, China Telecom and China Unicom have jointly built and shared more than 330,000 5G base stations, and the 5G network has covered cities above prefecture level and key counties and cities in China.

Figure 4-2 Development of Mobile Phone Base Station from 2015 to 2020

V. Coordinated development of the eastern, central and western regions

(A) the share of telecom business revenue by region is relatively stable.

In 2020, the proportion of telecom business revenue in the eastern and western regions will be 51% and 23.7% respectively, both increasing by 0.1 percentage points over the previous year; The central proportion was 19.6%, which was the same as the previous year; Northeast China accounted for 5.6%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous year.

Figure 5-1 Proportion of Telecom Business Revenue in East, Central, West and Northeast China from 2015 to 2020

(2) The proportion of users with 100 megabits and above fixed Internet broadband access in Northeast China is leading.

By the end of 2020, the number of fixed Internet broadband access users with 100Mbps or above in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions reached 186.18 million, 108.38 million, 113.86 million and 26.2 million respectively, accounting for 88.9%, 90.8%, 90.3% and 91.2% of the broadband access users in this region, accounting for 2.8% and 91.2% higher than the previous year respectively.

Figure 5-2 penetration rate of fixed broadband access users with 100Mbps or above in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions from 2016 to 2019.

(3) The growth rate of mobile Internet traffic in the western region leads the country.

In 2020, the mobile Internet access traffic in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions will reach 70 billion GB, 35.7 billion GB, 50.5 billion GB and 9.34 billion GB respectively, up by 31.9%, 36.5%, 42.3% and 29% respectively over the previous year. The growth rate in the western region is 10.4, 5.8 and 13.3 higher than that in the eastern, central and northeastern regions respectively. In the month of December, the average household flow in the west reached 13.81/ household month, which was 2.02GB, 3.25GB and 3.78GB higher than that in the east, middle and northeast respectively.

Figure 5-3 Growth of Mobile Internet Access Traffic in East, Central, West and Northeast China from 2015 to 2020

Ping replace the ideal L7? Dongfeng Yipai e π 008 real car appeared

The 18th Beijing Auto Show will open on April 25. As the first domestic A-class auto show in 2024, many participating brands will showcase new products and technologies. One of the highlights is the public debut and pre-sale launch of the Dongfeng Yipai e π 008, which has arrived at the exhibition site. Ping for the ideal L7? Dongfeng Yipai e π 008 real car appeared.

The Dongfeng Eπ 008 marks the brand’s first foray into the SUV sector, featuring a six-seat layout (2 + 2 + 2) and offering both extended range and pure electric power versions. According to Dongfeng’s earlier announcement, it plans to be officially launched in the middle of this year.

In terms of design, the e π 008 shows a rounded front line, the front face adopts three-stage ventilation, with a through headlight group, the interior is a dot matrix light source, and the brand logo can also shine in the closed grille, enhancing the recognition and futuristic sense at night. The body lines are tough, and the straight roof ensures riding space and storage capacity. The configuration includes 21-inch wheels, hidden door handles and through taillights and other fashionable elements. The body size is in the class of medium and large SUV, with length, width and height of 5002mm, 1972mm and 1732mm respectively, and the wheelbase reaches 3025mm.

The interior design is skewed towards a minimalist style, with a dark red theme. The vehicle is equipped with the same two-spoke multi-function steering wheel as the Dongfeng Yipai eπ 007, and the dashboard and central control screen are both floating design. Thanks to the Huai block design, the central channel layout is reasonable, with wireless charging panels and cup holders on the upper floor, and spacious storage space below. The exposed configuration information shows that it may be equipped with a refrigerator, a rear entertainment screen and an L2 intelligent driver assistance system, but the specific configuration needs to wait for the official release.

In the power part, the range extension version is equipped with a 108-kilowatt 1.5-liter range extender, with a pure electric range of about 154 kilometers; the pure electric version is equipped with a 200-kilowatt drive motor, with a range of up to 636 kilometers.

Dongfeng Yipai is an electric vehicle brand launched by Dongfeng Company for the mainstream market, and its market influence still needs to be improved. Compared with the Ideal L7 and Qinjie M7 of the same level, the pricing strategy of Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 may be more close to the people, aiming to lower the threshold for consumers to buy. How its market performance is worth looking forward to.

　　[Car history] Although the car is not a large-scale manufacturer among Japanese brands, its unique car-making style has never lost to other big manufacturers. In this article, we will introduce one of the most important models of Mazda brand-although the familiar Mazda 3 came out in 2003, it can be said that the history of this car dates back to 1963. Now, let’s learn about the predecessor model of Mazda 3 in the first part.

● The first generation of Familia(1963 -1968)

　　Japanese car companies usually divide the same model into different names according to different countries. For example, Mazda 3 is called Axela and Atenza in Japan, while Mazda 3′ s ancestor model is called Familia, and later it is known as 323. In the early 1960s, Japan’s economy began to rise and develop. At this time, Mazda also began to develop rapidly, and introduced the ——R360, the cheapest car in Japan at that time (the sales volume beat the first 360).

　　The R360 was a great success after it went on the market, and then Mazda began to develop larger models for the Japanese market. In 1961, Mazda brought the newly developed MAZDA ALuce 1000 to the exhibition, which was the prototype of Familia. Familia is Spanish and has the same meaning as English Family. In 1963, the first generation of Mazda Familia came out, and the first model was actually a two-door VAN. (Note: VAN and Wagon are not the same model)

　　The first Mazda Familia car was equipped with a four-cylinder with a displacement of 782cc, so it was called 800. At that time, car companies often used the displacement as the name. What is important is that the exterior design of the car was handed over to the Italian automobile design company, which was completed by a famous designer and immediately became a commercial success after listing. Although Familia 800 Van is a two-door design, due to the model, the spacious trunk and rear space in the car were quite impressive in that year, making it an excellent family car.

　　In the second year after listing, Mazda immediately released the Familia four-door version of the car. Compared with the first van version, the whole car turned into a car, which looks like no contradiction. The body size of 3700×1465×1385(mm), 2190mm, also became a very standard sedan in that year. In terms of power, it is equipped with a 0.8L four-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, with a maximum horsepower of 42 HP and a peak value of 59 Nm. With four speeds, the maximum speed can reach 115 km/h. Such a set of data can fully meet the market demand in the 1960s.

　　　Familia sedan has sofa-like integrated seats in the front and rear, chrome-plated rims with white edges and chrome-plated bumpers in the front and rear, which makes this Japanese family car with small size quite like an American car. Two-door models are listed at a time interval of one month. Now it seems that the practice of Japanese cars launching two-door and four-door versions on the same model has already appeared a long time ago, so that diversified cars may also meet different needs of consumers.

　　In 1965, Mazda first upgraded Familia’s 0.8L displacement engine, with an increase of 3 horsepower and a slight increase in torque. At the same time, a new 1.0L displacement engine was introduced to cope with their competitors. The 1.0L engine, which was first installed on two-door models, has a maximum power of 58 HP, a peak torque of 77 Nm and a top speed of 135 km/h.. In 1967, the 1.0L four-door sedan went on the market, and a two-door model was also introduced. As of February 1968, the first generation of Mazda Familia was officially discontinued. During its sales period, its annual output exceeded 10,000 vehicles for several years, and it once became the main model of Mazda brand.

● The second generation Familia(1967 -1977)

　　In 1967, the second-generation Mazda Familia appeared at the Tokyo Auto Show in Japan, and the appearance of the vehicle changed a little. The front part of the vehicle changed from the previous generation of "four-eye" round lights to square headlights, and the redesigned banner-type front middle net looked simple and neat. If it is put now, it will be a standard modified unmarked middle net (joking). The waistline of the side of the car body is adjusted to the lower wheel eyebrows at the height of the door handle, and the overall center of gravity of the vehicle looks lower. Replacing the brand-new rear taillights is much more refined than the first generation models, which improves the appearance grade of the vehicle, and the wheels still continue the collocation of tire white rings and chrome-plated wheels.

　　The second-generation Familia, which just went on the market, used the 1.0L engine of the previous model in power. In 1968, two engines with 1.2L displacement and 1.3L displacement were introduced one after another. In addition, there is another very important thing: in the early 1960s, Mazda introduced technology from Germany, and the company specially set up a "rotor 47 strong man" team to develop this special engine. Mazda matched the rotor engine to the second generation Familia, making this car the second Mazda model equipped with a rotor engine.

　　The Familia model equipped with a rotary engine is called "Familia Rotary" in Japan, and the export version is called "Mazda R100". The 1.0L engine of this car code 10A is designed with two rotors, with a maximum power of 100 HP and a peak torque of 125 Nm, which is the first rotary engine developed by Mazda. At that time, this "Familia Rotary Coupe" was very advantageous in Japan, because it had nearly twice the power compared with the model equipped with the same displacement engine, that is, the piston engine model with the same power needed to be equipped with a larger displacement engine and pay higher taxes.

　　Familia, a family car with a rotary engine, has also been exported to the United States and other countries. After its success, Mazda began to participate in race activities with it. It won the race for the first time in the Singapore Grand Prix in 1969, and even more exaggerated, it won the fifth place in the 84-hour endurance race. In addition, I also participated in many different forms of competitions, which laid the foundation for Mazda to get good results in Le Mans. (The 787B racing car with rotary engine won the Le Mans championship for Mazda)

　　Due to various unstable factors, the rotary engine was still unable to replace the traditional piston engine at that time. Finally, Familia was abandoned to use the rotary engine, and the main power units were the 1.2L engine with the maximum power of 58 horsepower and the 1.3L four-cylinder engine with 69 horsepower. In 1973, the second-generation Mazda Familia ushered in a change and renamed it "Familia Presto". The appearance of the changed model changed, with a wider body and a more luxurious appearance, but these changes were only for two-door and four-door cars, and the styles of travel trucks and pickup trucks remained unchanged.

　　By 1977, the production of the second generation Familia was coming to an end. Mazda mainly adjusted the vehicle emissions before stopping production. Due to the restrictions of Japanese regulations, Familia no longer used 1.0L displacement engines, but mainly used 1.3L displacement engines. Finally, there was an episode in the second-generation Familia model. Korean cars bought the production license of the car from Mazda, renamed it "Kia Brisa", and slightly modified the appearance, and produced it from 1974 to 1981.

In [car home Chongqing Special Promotion Channel], we bring you exciting news! At present, the high-profile series is carrying out an unprecedented preferential activity. As a trend-setting electric luxury car, consumers in Chongqing now have the opportunity to enjoy a generous discount of up to 125,000 yuan. The starting price has been adjusted to 304,900 RMB, which undoubtedly provides an attractive opportunity for consumers who are interested in buying a car. If you are interested in BMW i4, don’t miss this excellent opportunity, click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form to get the latest and most competitive preferential quotation, so that your dream of buying a car is within reach.

The exterior design of BMW i4 is elegant and futuristic, and its front face adopts BMW’s iconic kidney air intake grille. However, unlike traditional models, the grille of i4 is more scientific and technological, and incorporates electric elements, such as closed design, to reduce air resistance and improve efficiency. The overall style is smooth and the lines are simple, which shows BMW’s commitment to sustainable driving. The side lines of the car body are full of movement, and the design of the roof slip back increases the aerodynamic effect. With aluminum alloy wheels, it shows the perfect combination of luxury and sports.

BMW i4 outlines the unique design aesthetics with its elegant side lines, with a body size of 4785mm x 1852mm x 1455mm and a wheelbase of 2856mm, which provides spacious interior space for passengers. The layout of the front wheel track of 1601mm and the rear wheel track of 1630mm ensures the driving stability. On the tyre size, it is equipped with 245/45 R18 front wheel and 255/45 R18 rear wheel, which not only provides good grip, but also complements the body design, creating a dynamic side visual effect.

The interior design of BMW i4 fully demonstrates the perfect integration of luxury and technology. In the cockpit, the steering wheel is made of leather, which provides a comfortable grip and exquisite touch, supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, and is convenient for drivers to make fine adjustments according to their personal needs. The 14.9-inch central control screen stands on the instrument panel, equipped with advanced voice recognition control system, which can easily control various functions such as multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, and improve driving convenience. In terms of seats, the seat materials include imitation leather, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mix and match, providing excellent support and comfort. The main and passenger seats all support multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest, height, leg rest and lumbar support, and the front seats are also equipped with heating function and electric seat memory function, which reflects the meticulous care for passengers. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing passengers with flexible storage space. The overall interior design aims to create an elegant and technological driving environment.

BMW i4 is equipped with a powerful engine with a maximum power of 210kW, which provides excellent acceleration performance for drivers. At the same time, the maximum torque is 400 Nm, which makes the vehicle show strong performance potential in daily driving and scenes requiring power output. The excellent performance of this engine brings excellent driving experience to BMW i4.

Generally speaking, BMW i4 has won high praise from car home car owners for its excellent sound insulation performance, surging power and impeccable design. Especially the volcanic red interior, he even thinks that its luxury is no less than the exquisite craftsmanship of Mercedes-Benz. This innovative electric vehicle has undoubtedly found a perfect balance between luxury and technology, and is an ideal choice for pursuing driving pleasure and quality life.

[Autohome Ningbo Discount Promotion Channel] Recently, the promotion in Ningbo area is in full swing, and the maximum discount has reached 28,000 yuan. Now, the minimum starting price of this model has been reduced to 188,600 yuan. For consumers who are interested in buying the eπ 008, now is a good time to start. To get a better price, we recommend that you click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

eπ008的前脸设计采用了独特而时尚的风格，其进气格栅采用了一种流线型的布局，彰显出车辆的动感与现代感。整体风格显得简洁而富有科技感，车身线条流畅，结合富有力量感的轮毂，使其在道路上引人注目。

eπ008的车身尺寸为5002*1972*1732mm，轴距达到了3025mm，前轮距和后轮距均为1650mm。车侧线条流畅且富有力量感，搭配265/45 R21规格的轮胎以及21英寸的轮圈，展现出独特的运动风格。

eπ008的内饰风格简洁而富有科技感，车内采用大面积的皮质方向盘，支持手动上下+前后调节，为驾驶者提供了舒适的操作体验。中控区域配备了一块15.6英寸的高清触控屏幕，支持多媒体系统、导航、电话、空调等语音识别控制，使得操作更加便捷。座椅方面，采用仿皮材质，前排座椅具备加热、通风功能，并配备头枕扬声器（仅驾驶位），为乘客带来舒适的乘坐体验。此外，前排和后排均配备USB和Type-C充电接口，方便乘客使用电子设备，并且前排座椅还配备了手机无线充电功能。第二排座椅支持前后、靠背和腿托调节，后排座椅可比例放倒，提供灵活的储物空间。

eπ008搭载了一台高效能发动机，其最大功率达到200kW，最大扭矩则为340N·m，为车辆提供了强劲的动力输出。

汽车之家车主在使用奕派008的过程中，虽然没有特别明显的不满意之处，但也提到一些小问题，例如新车存在些许异味、车漆不够厚实以及高速行驶时的风噪声。这些细节问题虽不严重，但可能影响驾驶体验，未来通过进一步优化，相信奕派008会成为一个更加完美的选择。