南京夜生活去哪玩

　　In midsummer, Wan Li is clear.

　　On the afternoon of July 18th, Beijing, the banquet hall on the second floor of the Great Hall of the People was brightly lit and the atmosphere was solemn and warm. The second plenary session of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee was held here.

　　At 3 o’clock in the afternoon, with warm applause, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and other leading comrades of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee entered the meeting place.

　　In the middle of the podium curtain, the golden the emblem of the Communist Party of China (CPC) shines brightly, witnessing the historic moment — —

　　In a highly responsible attitude towards the cause of the Party and the state, members of the Central Committee attending the meeting solemnly voted on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization.

　　"Pass!"

　　With the solemn announcement of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the audience applauded warmly.

　　A new blueprint for reform marking the times was born, and China’s reform and opening up has reached a new milestone.

　　On November 12, 2013, it was also here that the landmark Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee deliberated and adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which opened a new era of comprehensively deepening reform and promoting reform through overall system design.

　　After more than ten years of hard work, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have successfully promoted and expanded Chinese modernization in the new great changes.

　　At present and in the future, it is a crucial period to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization.

　　"After the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, I have been thinking about further comprehensively deepening reform." Standing at a new historical starting point, and having an insight into the times and trends of the "two overall situations", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a strategic choice: "In this reform, we will closely follow the theme of promoting Chinese modernization."

　　Open the "Decision" of more than 20,000 words, 15 parts, 60 tasks and more than 300 important reform measures, further comprehensively deepen the theme, guiding ideology, overall goal, major principles and reform measures of the reform, and fundamentally ensure a broad layout and a clear path.

　　Anchored in 2035, focusing on the deployment of reform tasks in the next five years; "Six Persistences" indicate the important follow-up to further comprehensively deepen reform; The "seven focuses" include the strategic focus of promoting Chinese modernization; More than 300 important reform measures, the content of which shows "five emphases", hold the "bull’s nose" of economic system reform, and promote reforms in other fields as a whole … … A "panoramic view" of the reform, which is full of storms and weather, is spread out.

　　Chinese-style modernization is constantly advancing in the reform and opening up, and it will certainly open up broad prospects in the reform and opening up!

　　Master planner: Fu Hua and Lv Yansong.

　　Chief producer: Huo Xiaoguang

　　Planning: Sun Chengbin and Guo Jianye

　　Producer: Lai Xiangdong and Zhang Xiaosong.

　　Reporter: Zhu Jichai, Huang Yue, Xie Huanchi

　　Editor: Tan Moxiao, Zhang Huihui, Li Yan

　　Poster: Yin Zhelun

　　Produced by the first studio of Xinhua News Agency

　　In 2018, China’s automobile production and sales reached 27.809 million and 28.081 million respectively, ranking first in the world for 10 consecutive years. Faced with such a huge production and sales volume, from June 1 this year, the Measures for the Administration of Recycling Scrap Motor Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the Measures for the Administration of Recycling) will be officially implemented.

　　According to the new regulations, where will consumers’ old "cars" go, and what impact will this bring to the automobile recycling and dismantling industry? How to "turn waste into treasure" of scrapped cars, realize maximum resource utilization and avoid environmental pollution?

　　The climax of automobile scrapping in China is coming soon.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2018, the number of motor vehicles recycled in China was 1.991 million, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%. According to vehicle types, the number of buses recovered was 1.184 million, up 10.5% year-on-year; 381,000 trucks, up 16.4% year-on-year; There were 42,000 trailers, a year-on-year increase of 44%. Among them, the growth rate of trucks and trailers is obvious, mainly because many local governments in China have formulated the target of early elimination and renewal of operating diesel trucks and the implementation plan of subsidies, with the maximum subsidy reaching 100,000 yuan.

　　"Although the number of scrapped cars in China has continued to grow in the past two years, in fact, the climax of scrapped cars in China has not yet arrived." Professor Du Huanzheng, director of the Institute of Circular Economy of Tongji University, said in an exclusive interview with the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that at present, the used car market in China is relatively hot, most of which are used cars eliminated from big cities, and they have not entered the dismantling market when they are sold to small and medium-sized cities.

　　By 2018, there are nearly 730 qualified enterprises for recycling and dismantling scrapped vehicles in China, with more than 2,300 recycling outlets, covering more than 80% of cities and counties in China. Because it is "sold by the catty" as scrap metal, the value of a scrapped car is no more than that of 1000 yuan — 2000 yuan

　　Du Huanzheng said that in 2001, in the "Management Measures for Scrap Vehicle Maneuvering" issued by the State Council, the scrap vehicle recycling industry was recognized as a "special industry", and almost every city above prefecture level had scrap vehicle dismantling points. Because the number of scrap vehicles was less than expected, large-scale dismantling could not be formed. In order to reduce the cost, most scrap points are dismantled manually in the open air, which is inefficient and easy to produce secondary pollution.

　　According to statistics, at present, China’s automobile scrapping and dismantling rate is still low, and the average scrapping rate is only 3% of the ownership & mdash; 4% or so, significantly lower than 6% in developed countries & mdash; 7% scrap rate; China’s recycling and dismantling rate is only 1% of its possession & mdash; 1.5%, far lower than 5% in developed countries & mdash; 6% level.

　　Zhang Ying, secretary-general of the Scrap Vehicle Branch of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, said: "According to the growth law of domestic car ownership and the law of scrapping years, China’s scrapped motor vehicles will usher in a period of rapid growth around 2020." If the cumulative sales of passenger cars nationwide in 2018 is 22.351 million, according to the international new car sales account for 70% of scrapped cars & mdash; 80%, China’s old car elimination data will exceed 10 million in 2019, and the recycling and dismantling rate and dismantling scale will also increase and expand.

　　Five assemblies and other parts are buried with gold and silver.

　　Engine, steering gear, transmission, front and rear axles and frame are called the "five major assemblies" of automobiles, and they are also valuable parts in automobiles. Du Huanzheng said that according to the previous regulations, the "five major assemblies" of scrap cars with high added value can only be handed over to metallurgical enterprises as scrap steel and melted into raw materials. Therefore, the added value of scrapped cars is greatly reduced, and some car owners are unwilling to trade to formal dismantling enterprises at this low price, and the willingness to invest in society is also reduced.

　　Hu Jianping, deputy inspector of the Market Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said that 18 years ago, the State Council urgently issued the "Management Measures for the Maneuvering of Scrap Cars" mainly in view of the fact that there were many assembled cars on the road at that time and the safety situation appeared. With the development of China’s economy, the phenomenon of assembling cars has gradually decreased. "The problem of assembling cars is no longer prominent, there are more and more private cars, and the car condition is getting better and better. It is urgent to revise the previous management measures."

　　It is a major breakthrough in the New Deal to allow the "five major assemblies" of scrapped cars to be reused. The "Measures for the Administration of Recycling" stipulates that if the "five major assemblies" of dismantled scrapped motor vehicles meet the conditions for remanufacturing, they can be sold to enterprises with remanufacturing capacity in accordance with relevant state regulations and recycled after remanufacturing; Parts other than the "Five Assemblies" can be sold if they meet the mandatory national standards for protecting personal and property safety and can continue to be used, but they should be marked as "Reusable Parts of Scrapped Motor Vehicles".

　　Du Huanzheng said that in order to make scrapped cars "turn waste into treasure", it is necessary not only to allow the "five major assemblies" of scrapped cars to be reused, but also to establish a recycling information system throughout the country, so that recycling enterprises can truthfully record the number, model and flow direction of major components such as the "five major assemblies" and upload them to the recycling information system. "For example, if the transmission of this car is broken, it can be deployed to a suitable remanufactured or reused transmission through the information system, which not only reduces the maintenance cost, but also saves resources." In addition, we should also do a good job in tracing the source, so that the source can be traced and the destination can be traced, and the market order can be strengthened to effectively prevent scrapped automobile parts from flowing into the black market.

　　"At present, the technology in the field of dismantling, remanufacturing and recycling of scrapped cars has basically matured, and some enterprises in China can also produce large-scale mechanical dismantling and automatic sorting equipment used in Europe, America, Japan and other countries; New materials and technologies such as nano are also constantly being introduced. " Du Huanzheng said, however, the basis for using these mature technologies and equipment is large-scale production.

　　Therefore, the Measures for the Administration of Recycling stipulates that enterprises that have obtained the qualification for recycling scrapped motor vehicles have storage and dismantling sites, dismantling equipment and facilities and dismantling operation specifications that meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards such as environmental protection, and have professional and technical personnel suitable for dismantling scrapped motor vehicles. And explicitly canceled the "special industry" restrictions, and those who meet the conditions can engage in recycling and dismantling. After the opening of the industry, "it is conducive to attracting social capital into enterprises with advanced technology and large scale, which will accelerate the cultivation of leading enterprises and promote the utilization of new technologies." Du Huanzheng said.

　　The recycling market is as high as tens of billions of yuan.

　　At present, the number of cars in China is 240 million, according to the international 4%— The average level of 6% scrapping ratio, China’s automobile scrapping scale is quite large. Essence Securities pointed out that according to the "five major assemblies" of a car, the recycling value is 5,000 yuan — At present, China’s scrap car recycling market is as high as 60 billion yuan — 84 billion yuan.

　　Experts in the industry said that the current market environment and related policies are conducive to the reuse of the value of scrapped cars, and at the same time help to mobilize the enthusiasm of car owners to scrap and promote new car consumption. Li Yuke, deputy director of the Automotive Industry Policy Research Office of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, said that it is estimated that the sales scale of spare parts will reach 10 billion yuan in the next few years.

　　"The dismantling of scrapped cars is basically physical, and there are fewer pollution links, such as harmless treatment of engine oil, freon, airbags and crushed waste." Du Huanzheng said that in Japan and other countries, the handling costs of freon and airbags are mainly borne by the owners. In China, the extended producer responsibility system can be used to allow automobile manufacturers to pay this fee to dismantling enterprises, thus accelerating the development of the recycling industry of scrapped automobiles, which will also play an important role in China’s motor vehicle industry chain.

　　advice from others

　　There is a relatively complete scrapping and recycling system in big automobile countries.

　　The data shows that countries and regions with developed automobile industry have also developed the recycling and processing industry of scrapped cars, with a relatively sound system. There are 5,000 scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises and 140 crushing enterprises in Japan, and the recycling rate of scrap cars is close to 100%. In 2005, the Automobile Recycling Law was promulgated, which clearly stipulated the division of responsibilities between automobile manufacturers and those responsible for dismantling and crushing enterprises. Through the automobile registration and declaration system and recycling system, we can master the export of each used car, the flow of used cars and the dismantling of used cars.

　　The United States stipulates that car owners can’t throw away used motor vehicles at will, and there is also a relatively complete motor vehicle scrapping and recycling system. There are about 12,000 scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises, about 200 car crushing enterprises and 20,000 parts remanufacturing enterprises in the United States. Most of the dismantling and recycling enterprises and automobile manufacturing enterprises are jointly operated. Automobile manufacturing enterprises have the obligation and responsibility to undertake scrap car recycling, and have professional remanufacturing and parts refurbishment technology, which can remanufacture engines and generators with reuse value and resell them, accounting for about 45% of each car & mdash; 70% parts are reused.

　　How can soda music be introduced into local music? Soda music allows you to download all kinds of favorite music anytime, anywhere. Users can add their own local songs to the software. The following is the specific operation, and friends who need it can learn.

　　1. Open the pop music and enter the software interface. There will be different music in the interface. Click the vertical […] in the music interface to open the pop-up window.

　　2. Find the [Download] button in the pop-up window and click it to download songs to the local area of the mobile phone.

　　3. However, downloading music requires a member of Pod Music, so users need to open a member before downloading.

　　Has the relevant introduction brought by Xiaobian solved these doubts for everyone? Interested users come to IT Encyclopedia.

Original sauce purple frog

winter

At present, there are about hundreds of common anti-tumor drugs in clinic, which can be roughly divided into the following seven categories:

Cytotoxic drugs, hormone drugs, biological reaction regulators, monoclonal antibody drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, other drugs, auxiliary drugs, etc.

01, cytotoxic drugs

Drugs that act on the chemical structure of DNA

(1) alkylating agents and nitrogen mustard (such as nitrogen mustard, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, etc.), setipine (such as setipine, etc.), nitrosoureas (such as carmustine and smectine, etc.) and methanesulfonate (such as busulfan, etc.).

(2) Platinum compounds: such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin.

(3) Mitomycin: such as mitomycin, etc.

Drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis

(1) dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: such as methotrexate and pemetrexed.

(2) Thymidine synthase inhibitors: such as 5-FU, FT-207, capecitabine, etc.

(3) Purine nucleotide synthase inhibitors: such as 6- mercaptopurine, 6-TG, etc.

(4) Nucleotide reductase inhibitors: such as hydroxyurea.

(5)DNA polymerase inhibitors: such as cytarabine and gemcitabine.

● Drugs that act on nucleic acid transcription selectively act on DNA templates to inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thus inhibiting RNA synthesis: such as actinomycin D, daunorubicin, adriamycin, epirubicin, aclacinomycin, guangmycin, etc.

● Topoisomerase Ⅰ inhibitors acting on DNA replication: such as irinotecan, topotecan and hydroxycamptothecin.

● Drugs that mainly interfere with tubulin synthesis during mitosis M phase: such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, norvinblastine, podophylline, homoharringtonine, etc.

● Other cell poisons: such as asparaginase.

02, hormone drugs

(1) Anti-estrogen: such as tamoxifen, toremifene, exemestane, etc.

(2) Aromatase inhibitors: such as buprenone, Formetam, letrozole, anastrozole, etc.

(3) Progesterone: such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate.

(4) Sex hormones: such as methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate and diethylstilbestrol.

(5) Anti-androgen: such as flutamide.

(6)RH-LH agonists/antagonists: such as goserelin and leuprorelin acetate.

03, biological reaction regulator

Mainly through the body’s immune function to inhibit tumors, including interferon, interleukin -2, thymopeptides.

04, monoclonal antibody drugs

Such as rituximab, trastuzumab and bevacizumab.

05, immune checkpoint inhibitor

Such as Pam monoclonal antibody, Cindilizumab, Trepril monoclonal antibody, Atzumab, etc.

06, other drugs

(1) Cell differentiation inducers: such as retinoids and arsenious acid.

(2) Apoptosis inducer.

(3) Inhibitor of angiogenesis: Endor.

(4) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: such as gefitinib and erlotinib.

(5) gene therapy.

(6) tumor vaccine, etc.

07, auxiliary medicine

(1) Blood-raising drugs: such as G-CSF/GM-CSF, IL-11/TPO, EPO, etc.

(2) Antiemetic drugs: such as ondansetron and granisetron hydrochloride.

(3) Analgesics: such as aspirin, acetaminophen, codeine, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, etc.

(4) Osteoclast inhibitor: such as pamidronate disodium, zoledronic acid sodium, etc.

Editor | Li Yaqi Zhao Ruoxi

Revise | Zhang Fangfang

Editor-in-Chief Hong Wei

All knowledge of internal medicine diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients

Published by China Medical Science and Technology Press

This book is one of the fascicles of "Cancer Doctors Say", which mainly introduces the common sense, diagnosis and medical treatment of tumors, and focuses on the related problems of specific cancer types such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer. At the same time, it also shows real and touching stories in tumor prevention and treatment, giving strength to patients and their families. The book is introduced in detail in the form of questions and answers, and the language is easy to understand, which is suitable for readers, especially cancer patients and their families.

Original title: "Cancer Doctors say | What are the common anti-tumor drugs?"

Read the original text

Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Education Bureau, scientific research institutes, institutions of higher learning and relevant units:

In order to further strengthen the safety management of scientific research laboratories in the province and create a good safety environment for scientific research, the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province and the Education Department of Jiangsu Province organized the compilation of the ".Operational guidelines for safety risk assessment of scientific research experiments(Trial). Is issued to you, please scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, enterprise research and development institutions with reference to the relevant requirements, conscientiously do a good job.Safety risk assessment of scientific research experimentWork.

(There is no text on this page)

Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology education department of jiangsu

2022yearninemoonsevensun

       (This piece is made public voluntarily)

Operational guidelines for safety risk assessment of scientific research experiments

(Trial)

Further strengthen the laboratory safety management of scientific research institutes, universities, enterprise R&D institutions and other units, implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first, comprehensive management", strengthen risk awareness, enhance risk prevention and control capabilities, and create a good safety environment for scientific research. According to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, Regulations on Safety in Production in Jiangsu Province, Risk Management Risk Assessment Technology (GB 27921-2000

one Purpose of evaluation

Control the safety risks in the process of scientific research experiments from the source, standardize the activities of hazard identification, risk evaluation and risk control of experiments and experimental projects, reduce or eliminate the occurrence of safety accidents in laboratories and experimental projects, ensure the safe and orderly development of scientific research activities, and earnestly safeguard scientific research.unitLaboratory safety and personnel life safety.

2 area of application

This guide is mainly used forLaboratories of scientific research institutes, universities, enterprise R&D institutions and other units.In the process of scientific research and experiment (or experimental project), the possibility of safety accidents and the risk of potential accident consequences are analyzed and evaluated. Experimental safety risk assessment targets include experimental sites, experimental materials and equipment, experimental personnel, experimental operations, preventive measures, emergency plans, etc. Applicable to existing or new experiments and experimental projects involving dangerous chemicals (including controlled chemicals such as toxic chemicals, explosive chemicals and precursor chemicals, etc.), biology, radiation, electromechanical, laser, special equipment and other possible risks; It can also be used to evaluate the safety status of existing experiments and experimental projects.

This guide cannot replace the risk assessment of biological safety and radiation safety. For projects that may have biological safety risks and radiation safety risks, special risk assessment should also be made according to the requirements and provisions of relevant national laws, regulations and norms.

three management responsibility

unitThe main person in charge is the first person in charge of the safety management of scientific research experiments in this unit, and is fully responsible for the risk management and control of experimental safety.In charge of experimentThe leader of safety work is an important responsible person, assisting the first responsible person to be responsible for the safety management of scientific research experiments. The person in charge of the laboratory or the person in charge of the experimental project is directly responsible for the safety management of scientific research experiments, and is responsible for the risk assessment of the risk factors and risk levels of the experiments and experimental projects. unitLaboratory safety function department in conjunction withScientific research management departments organize, inspect, supervise and guide the risk assessment of experimental safety.

Safety risk assessment should be conducted in advance for experiments or experimental projects that may have safety risks. The unit can only approve whether experiments or experimental projects can be carried out after the conclusion of safety risk assessment and the implementation of rectification measures.

four Basic procedure

4.1 Experiment and experimental project, by the project leader to the unit.Laboratory safety function department in conjunction withThe scientific research management department applies for safety risk assessment.

4.2 After receiving the application for safety risk assessment,Laboratory safety function department in conjunction withThe scientific research management department organized a risk assessment team composed of experimenters, managers and safety experts in related fields.,Formulate an evaluation plan.

4.3 The assessment team conducts safety risk analysis, draws assessment conclusions, puts forward suggestions and measures, forms a safety risk assessment report (table), and returns the assessment results to the person in charge of the experiment or experimental project.

4.4The unit shall record the assessment report of the safety risk assessment project that has been approved; For experiments or experimental projects with significant risks, they shall be submitted to the competent business department for review according to the requirements of the competent business department.

4.5 Experiments and experimental projects can only be carried out after examination and approval.

five Evaluation content

The safety risk assessment of experiments and experimental projects mainly includes:

(oneThe types, quantities, characteristics and possible risks of the hazards involved in the experiment.

(2) the satisfaction and conformity of the conditions, facilities, equipment, technology and management personnel of the experimental site.

(three) The scientificity, rationality and operability of experimental scheme design, experimental operation, protective equipment allocation and safety guarantee measures.

(four) safety education, training and access scheme, laboratory safety management system and measures.

(five) emergency plan, the implementation of the safety responsibility system and other matters of preparation.

(six) storage and disposal of experimental wastes.

six Evaluation process

Basic steps: preliminary preparation, identification and analysis of dangerous and harmful factors, selection of evaluation methods, qualitative or quantitative evaluation, putting forward safety countermeasures and suggestions, making evaluation conclusions, and compiling safety risk assessment reports (tables).

6.1 Preparatory stage

The preliminary preparation work includes: defining the evaluation target and scope, setting up an evaluation team, compiling various questionnaires, preparing technical documents (collecting relevant domestic laws, regulations, rules, standards and specifications, etc.), conducting on-the-spot investigation on the basic data of the evaluated object, and conducting on-the-spot investigation and accurately recording the investigation results.

6.1.1 Establish the objectives, scope and principles of risk assessment.

6.1.2 Set up an evaluation team.

6.1.3 Collect relevant information and conduct preliminary investigation and analysis, including:

①Relevant domestic laws, regulations, rules, standards, norms, etc.;②Basic information of the experimental project: the main items involved in the experimental projectexperimentMaterials (including chemicals/Types, quantities, storage methods, physical and chemical properties and hazardous characteristics of reagents, special gases, etc.); Main experimental instruments/Type, quantity and safety protection of equipment (especially special equipment); Experimental steps and operation methods; Measures, conditions and facilities for explosion prevention, fire prevention and poisoning prevention in the experimental site; Qualification and training of laboratory personnel; Safety management system; Emergency plans and drills, etc.;③On-site investigation;④Seek expert advice;⑤Other supplementary information, such as similar safety accident cases.

6.1.4 Develop a risk assessment plan.

The assessment team formulates a risk assessment plan.The contents of the evaluation plan generally include:①Purpose of evaluation;②Evaluation basis;③Evaluation principle;④Scope of assessment;⑤ Division of tasks; ⑥appraisal procedure;⑦Work plan for each stage of risk assessment;⑧Time schedule of implementation.

The risk assessment plan should be issued and implemented by the main person in charge of the unit (or its authorized person in charge)..

If there is too little relevant information, so that the risk assessmentworkWhen it is difficult to carry out, some risk reduction measures can be introduced in a targeted manner to reduce the risk of some key links and simplify the evaluation scheme.

6.2 Evaluation stage  

Carry out analysis and evaluation according to the risk assessment plan. Through hazard identification and analysis, field investigation, and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hazard factors.

6.2.1 Identification and analysis of dangerous and harmful factors. Identify hazards and various dangerous and harmful factors, identify risks, and analyze and judge the degree of safety risks. Focus on the analysis and listing of dangerous chemicals, experimental procedures and operating methods, the use of special equipment, emergency treatment and other aspects of the dangerous and harmful factors.

6.2.2 Select evaluation method. According to the characteristics of experiments and experimental projects, scientific, reasonable and applicable qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods are selected for overall evaluation and analysis. Capable of quantitative evaluationsuitableUse quantitative evaluation methods, and semi-quantitative or qualitative evaluation methods can be used if quantitative evaluation is not possible. For different experimental stages or links, different evaluation methods can be selected according to the needs of evaluation and the characteristics of experimental links. When necessary, several analysis and evaluation methods can be selected to evaluate the same evaluation object, which are complementary, comprehensive and mutually verified to improve the accuracy of the analysis and evaluation results.

6.2.3 Qualitative or quantitative evaluation. Using the selected evaluation method, combined with field investigation, and referring to the possibility and severity of accidents or acute occupational hazards caused by dangerous and harmful factors in similar experimental activities, qualitative and quantitative evaluation and analysis can be carried out.

6.2.4 Safety countermeasures and suggestions. According to the identification, analysis results and qualitative and quantitative analysis results of dangerous and harmful factors, this paper puts forward targeted safety countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of experimental site conditions, experimental materials and equipment, experimental methods, personnel education and training, emergency response capability and safety management.

6.2.5 Evaluation conclusion.Summarize the evaluation results of experimental materials, instruments and equipment, experimental process (technology), safety management and protective measures; List the experimental itemsThe existing risks, as well as the hazards and hazardous factors that should be mainly prevented and controlled, point out the existing problems, determine the hazard categories, predict the possibility and severity of major accidents, and put forward the key safety countermeasures to be taken.andFeasibility of reducing security risks.

6.3 Prepare safety risk assessment report

refer toAQ 8001See appendix for the format of safety risk assessment report.D.

seven reappraise

experimentScheme orExperiment (technology)If there is any major adjustment in the process.Whole or wholeappearoriginallyMajor safety risks not found during the assessment, the project leadershouldRe-evaluate the safety risk according to the process, and take effective control and preventive measures in time.

(oneRelevant policies, regulations and standards have changed;

(2) After a safety accident or incident;

(threeWhen new equipment, materials, methods, personnel, environment, etc. are changed or the structure and function of the laboratory are changed, including before the tasks performed by the laboratory partition where substances are stored or used are changed; 

(four) change the workflow.

eight Risk grade determination

From high to low, the risk level of experimental safety is divided into major risk (level 1), major risk (level 2), general risk (level 3) andLow risk (level 4) four levels.

Level 1 (red): significant risk. It is extremely dangerous and cannot be carried out.In the experiment, control measures should be supplemented immediately in order to reduce the risk level, and regular inspection, measurement and evaluation should be carried out;

Level 2 (orange): greater risk. High risk, immediate rectification, supplementary control measures, regular inspection, measurement and evaluation;

Level 3 (yellow): general risk. Significant danger, need to be rectified, establish goals, establish operating procedures, and strengthen training and communication;

Level 4 (blue): low risk.lowerDanger, need to pay attention to, improve the control measures in time.

The conclusions obtained by different risk analysis and evaluation methods may be different, so the one with the highest risk level should be selected as the risk level of the project.

Experiments and experimental projects adopt a safety risk classification and classification management mechanism. Effective safety prevention and control measures and emergency plans should be formulated and strictly implemented for experiments and experimental projects with risk level above level 3, and experiments can be carried out only after being examined and confirmed by the unit, and relevant materials should be filed.

According to the relevant national and industrial regulations, norms and standards, the classification of experiments and experimental projects and the division of risk levels are adjusted in a timely manner (see AnnexC）。

Appendix A 

Risk assessment flow chart

 

 

picture1  Risk assessment flow chart

appendixB

 Risk assessment method

 According to the characteristics of experiments and experimental projects, comprehensive analysis, qualitative and quantitative evaluation are generally carried out by using hazard analysis method of working conditions, pre-hazard analysis method, analogy method and checklist analysis method.

(1)Hazard analysis method (LEC)

Hazard analysis method for working conditions (Graham–Ginny method is a semi-quantitative risk assessment method for workers working in occupational hazardous environment. The evaluation principle is: the quantitative risk value of operating conditions (D) depends on three factors, (one) the possibility of an accident (L）； (2) Frequency of exposure of workers to dangerous working environment (E）； (three) The severity of possible consequences in the event of an accident (C）。 Represented by a simplified formula is:D=L×E×C

amongDThe greater the value, the greater the danger of the operation. Danger of working conditionsDSee table for the classification of values.2.

table1  Hazard classification table

L、E、CSee table for the range of the three factors.2, tablethree, tablefour.

table2   L-Accident possibility score

table3   E-Frequency score of exposure to dangerous environment

table4   C-Consequence score caused by accident

 

(2) Pre-hazard analysisway

Pre-hazard analysis (PHA) is a system safety analysis method that makes a macro and general analysis of various risk factors (categories and distributions), occurrence conditions and possible consequences of accidents in the system before an activity (such as an experiment). Its purpose is to find the potential risk factors of the system at an early stage, determine the risk level of the system, and put forward corresponding preventive measures to prevent these risk factors from developing into accidents and avoid thoughtlessness.The losses caused are qualitative evaluation. That is to say, discuss, analyze and determine the dangerous and harmful factors existing in the system, their triggering conditions and phenomena, the causes and events that caused the accident, the accident types, the accident consequences and the danger level, and put forward the safety precautions that should be taken.

(one) Pre-hazard analysis step

① Fully investigate the purpose, process, operating conditions and surrounding environment of the experiment;

② Collect past experience and accidents in similar experiments, judge whether similar situations will occur in the objects to be analyzed, and find out the dangers that can cause material losses and personal injuries;

③ Determine the hazard source according to experience, technical diagnosis and other methods;

④ Identify the conditions of dangerous transformation and study the trigger conditions of dangerous factors transforming into accidents;

⑤ Carry out risk classification, determine the degree of risk, and find out the dangerous sources that should be controlled emphatically;

⑥ Formulate risk prevention measures.

(2) risk classification

PHAThe result of the analysis is expressed by the risk grade. Danger can be divided into four grades, as shown in table.five.

tablefive  Hazard classification table

(three) evaluation results

Pre-risk assessment analysis adopts the following tabular form (Tablesix) Submit the results.

table6  Hazard pre-analysis table (sample table)

 

(four) analysis summary

Through the pre-risk assessment and analysis, the main risks and risk grades of experiments or experimental projects are obtained.

For all kinds of possible dangers and harmful factors, preliminary preventive countermeasures and measures are put forward one by one in the risk pre-analysis table.

(3) analogy method

Through the safety investigation of the same or similar projects as the experimental projects to be evaluated, and the analysis of relevant experimental documents and technical data, it is proposed to evaluate the types and degree of hazards and harmful factors of the experimental projects by analogy, assess the possible hazards and harmful factors, and predict the control effect of the proposed safety protection measures.

(4) Checklist analysis method

According to the national laws, regulations, technical specifications and standards related to occupational safety and health, as well as operating procedures and production safety accident cases, through detailed analysis and research on the experimental items to be evaluated, the inspection units, parts, items, contents and requirements are listed, and a table is compiled to check the compliance one by one to determine the safety problems, defects and potential hazards of the experimental items to be evaluated.

appendixC

Classification and risk level of experiments and experimental projects

 

1. According to the characteristics of hazardous sources involved in experiments and experimental projects, they can be divided into six categories: chemistry, biology, radiation, electromechanical, special equipment and others from the perspective of safety.

(a) experimental sites (or experimental projects) involving chemical reactions and chemicals belong to the chemical category. The main hazards areExplosive,Flammable and explosive,be poisonedSexual, corrosive and other dangers.chemistryProduct.

(two) experimental sites (or experimental projects) involving microorganisms and experimental animals belong to the biological category. The main hazards are microorganisms (infectious disease pathogens, etc.), animals and other biological factors that endanger the safety of individuals or groups.

(3) Experimental sites (or experimental projects) involving radioactive sources and radiation devices are classified as radiation. The main hazard source is radioactive material.

(four) experimental sites (or experimental items) involving mechanical, electrical, high temperature and high pressure equipment and instruments.Item) belongs to electromechanical category. The main hazards are machining high-speed equipment and high-speed equipment.electricityPressure and high current equipment, excitationOptical equipment, heating equipment, etc.

(five) experimental sites (or experimental projects) involving lifting machinery, boilers and pressure vessels (including gas cylinders) belong to special equipment. The main hazard source is the equipment itself, and the lifting machinery may cause heavy objects falling, crane instability, tilting, squeezing, falling from a height and other hazards; Boiler may cause material failure, explosion or leakage due to overtemperature and overpressure, resulting in mechanical damage, scald and other hazards; The pressure vessel may cause explosion or gas leakage and other hazards due to thermal overpressure, mechanical damage and unqualified pressure reducing valve.

(six) experimental sites (or experimental projects) that do not involve the above-mentioned hazard sources belong to other categories. The main hazard source is the safety risk of electricity and water caused by facilities and equipment such as electricity and water.

Second, according to the hazards used in the experiment.(experimental materials, instruments and equipment, etc.)The degree of danger,And whether a large number of dangerous experimental materials are stored in the experimental site,The experimental safety risk levels of experiments and experimental projects are divided into four levels from high to low: major risk (level I, red), major risk (level II, orange), general risk (level III, yellow) and low risk (level IV, blue).

(a) involving the use ofExplosives, spontaneous combustion,Inflammable and explosivewait forDangerous chemicals with physical hazards, andHighly toxic and easy to make drugs.Easy to explode, narcotics and psychotropic substancesControl chemicals or drugs, etc.Highly pathogenic microorganisms, radioactive sources, etc.; Or a large number of dangerous chemicals or controlled drugs are stored on site than the experimental requirements.It is a first-class safety risk experiment and experimental project.

(two) involving the use of other dangerous chemicals, low pathogenic microorganisms, experimental animals, pressure vessels, laser equipment, strong magnetic equipment, etc., for the second-level safety risk experiments and experimental projects.

(3) It involves the use of hoisting machinery, high-speed equipment, rotary machinery, cold and hot equipment (refrigerators, ovens, muffle furnaces, etc.), high-power charging and discharging devices, high-voltage equipment, etc., and is a three-level safety risk experiment and experimental project.

(4) Experiments or experimental projects not listed in the above three categories are four-level safety risk experiments and experimental projects.

Three, the above division of experimental safety risk level, after the experimental materials, equipment, experimental technology, operation methods, personnel qualifications, environmental conditions,Protective measures, etcAfter the comprehensive risk assessment of factors, if the risk degree increases, it should be adjusted according to the comprehensive assessment results.Experimental safety risk level of experiments and experimental projects.
appendixD Compilation format of safety risk assessment report

 

××××××Experimental safety risk assessment report

I. Overview of experimental projects

one. Brief introduction of experimental project

2. Purpose of evaluation

three. Evaluation basis

four. Scope of risk assessment

five. Risk assessment method

Second, the experimental process (process) introduction

Third, hazard identification.Identification and analysis

Fourth, qualitative and quantitative evaluation

one. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation

2. assessment result

V. Safety countermeasures and suggestions

one. Put forward targeted safety countermeasures and measures.

2. Supplementary suggestion

VI. Conclusion of Safety Risk Assessment

 

××××××Experimental safety risk assessment form

Instructions for filling in the form:

1.Please fill in the corresponding column when the laboratory does not involve dangerous sources.“without"; When the form is not enough, please add it yourself.

2.This report is made in triplicate, one for the project leader, the secondary unit and the competent business department, and the copy is valid.

riverIssued by the Office of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province on September 13, 2022

Attachment:Notice on printing and distributing guidelines for risk assessment of scientific experiments

Ex-3: Goodbye to Ex-3

1905 movie network news Almost 1.5 billion! Can’t human beings stop the box office from continuing to blow out?

Going to see "Previous 3" again, there was another wave of people of all colors crying in the cinema. In the scene watched by Xiao Dianjun, some people did leave because of boredom, but more of them cried, and Xiao Dianjun’s lovers and friends even broke up because they watched this movie together.

It’s not that Ex-3 is poisonous, but how many relationships have you had since 1995? The success of "Previous 3" depends entirely on how unforgettable the love of the post-1995 generation is, which is a serious blow to the vast number of singles in the country like Xiao Dianjun.

Stills of "predecessor 3"

As of press time, "Former 3", which was released only 11 days ago, has entered the top 10 box office of Chinese films in mainland film history and became the first explosive film in 2018. The final box office of "Previous 3" is still difficult to predict, and the prediction of Cat’s Eye has been changed again and again, reaching 2.278 billion now. Today, let’s take a look at the success of "Former 3".

After 95, men and women became the main consumers in the town with stories.

The consumption of real money confirms the analysis portrait of big data for the audience of "Former 3". We have checked the data of Tencent Index, Baidu Index, Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film, etc. The audience of "Former 3" has the highest age proportion of 20-24 years old, accounting for 40% of the total number of samples surveyed on all platforms, and even nearly 24% of teenagers under the age of 19 have shown their interest in "Former 3". It seems that the box office spending power of today’s post-95 s and even post-00 s can’t be underestimated.

Box office age distribution

Where are these young people from?

From the data of active areas summarized by various platforms, nearly half of the audience of "Former 3" are concentrated in third-and fourth-tier cities.

Geographical distribution of box office of "predecessor 3"

We further compared the audience who marked "Former 3" on the ticketing platform before and after the film was released. During the period from December 1, 2017 to January 7, 2018, the number of people who marked "Former 3" as "wanting to watch" on the Taobao Film platform increased by 210,000, among which the growth in third-and fourth-tier cities exceeded 105,000.

Box office statistics

Living in small towns, these "story-telling" post-95 young men and women seem to be more easily moved by the "ex" stories close to their emotional life.

This is also reflected in their scoring: among the more than 1 million viewers who scored on the Taobao Film platform, those under 19 and those aged 20-24 gave 9.2 and 9 respectively, which was higher than the overall average score of 8.9 in Previous 3.

The audience aged 20-24 scored 9.3 points.

The data of the cat’s eye platform is even higher, with the audience aged 20-24 scoring 9.3, and the audience under 20 scoring as high as 9.4.

Sex ratio of audience

When we carefully browse the feedback posted on the ticketing platform, we find that most people in the general audience have no intention to discuss the details of the plot, the performance is good or bad, and the stars are there. Instead, they are used to sharing their painful experiences in love with more than half of the space and expressing their feelings from the characters.

Taobao Film user "Imnot Mammal" left a sad but decisive message: I like you, but if you don’t care about me, I will still leave you.

ID "Penghui 0814" mentioned that he had just experienced the same breakup as "Ex 3". Although it is unforgettable so far, he believes that a decent exit is a wise choice.

The same thing happened to Louis Yuanbao. They were still lovers when they bought tickets, but they became predecessors after watching the movie. Together with 9500 like netizens, we have read their feelings for more than three years from TA’s hundreds of words of comments, and hope that he will be happy after graduation for half a year.

The girl named "We are all bad boys" simply wrote a poem: Treating love is a secret love, a love, a concern and a nostalgia; Is will, is a temptation, is guaranteed, is also a doubt.

It turned out that boys and girls cried and fainted in the cinema, and their predecessors reunited on the spot and suddenly broke up, all of which were not necessarily the outbreak of true feelings at that moment.

This is similar to the outbreak of Fanghua a few weeks ago.

Fanghua

A story about the youth in 1980s and 1990s made a large number of audiences who were no longer young walk into the cinema and feel their "youth" together with director Xiaogang Feng. The "non-mainstream audience" after 50 s and 60 s has become an unexpected factor that triggered the box office to rise.

The same is true for Ex-3: these small towns with private stories in their hearts also found outlets to vent their feelings in this film. They like Ex-3, largely because of this emotional resonance and the touch of substituting themselves.

Douban score

In contrast, the score of "Former 3" is not high on the Douban platform where fans and film critics gather. Not long ago, it fell from above the passing line to the current 5.9 points. Among the top 20 popular short comments, there are 10 one-star comments, and most of the negative comments are dissatisfaction with the professional evaluation angles or three-view levels such as film expression techniques and actors’ performances.

Next page:Short video becomes a marketing weapon of "predecessor 3" 　

　　2018 is about to pass. Who will be the best box office in the world among the films released this year? Suddenly, I found that two domestic movies have been in the top ten list for a long time. Today, Xiaobian brings you the top 15 movies at the global box office in 2018. Have you seen them all?

Fifteenth place: Solo: A Star Wars Story)— — $392 million

　　"Ranger Solo: The Legend of Star Wars" has a domestic box office of 213 million US dollars and an international box office of 179 million US dollars, of which the domestic contribution is 15 million US dollars. It is really surprising that this movie can appear on this list, because of the polarized evaluation after the film was released. However, the loyal fans of Star Wars series still supported most of the box office of this movie, enough to appreciate the influence of Star Wars series in Europe and America.

　　However, the performance of this film is far worse than that of the previous Star Wars series: the opening box office is lower than expected, and the box office expectation is also seriously reduced after two weeks of release. Coupled with the budget surge caused by the replacement of directors, "Ranger Solo: The Legend of Star Wars" has done its best to ensure that it will not lose money. After all, this $392 million was the box office before the split.

　　[car home in-depth investigation] It has been a long time since the last battery investigation, and now we have picked up this topic again. The models surveyed in this issue are still several popular models listed recently, including compact cars, medium-sized cars and SUVs. Next, let’s take a look at the battery performance of these popular models!

● Automobile batteries are divided into ordinary lead-acid (non-maintenance-free) batteries and maintenance-free batteries.

　　Batteries in vehicles are divided into ordinary lead-acid (non-maintenance-free) batteries and maintenance-free batteries. Ordinary lead-acid batteries have low cost, so distilled water needs to be added regularly to supplement electrolyte for maintenance to ensure normal use. The other is a maintenance-free battery, which consumes very little electrolyte and basically does not need to be supplemented with distilled water during its service life, making it more convenient to use. The service life of general maintenance-free batteries is about 4-5 years, and the price is higher than that of ordinary lead-acid batteries. However, with the development of science and technology, some brands of lead-acid batteries have made great progress than before, and their service life is not lower than that of maintenance-free batteries, and there is no need to replenish electrolyte regularly under normal use.

● How to distinguish between ordinary lead-acid and maintenance-free batteries

　　Ordinary lead-acid batteries need to replenish electrolyte regularly, so there is a unscrewing liquid replenishment port at the top of the battery. On the contrary, the maintenance-free battery does not, so the surface is flat. In addition, the batteries of many vehicles in the market are placed in dust-proof boxes, and the batteries can only be seen after opening the dust-proof boxes.

● Several important data of battery:

Rated voltage:In general, the voltage of household car batteries is 12V.

Capacity:It represents the amount of electricity discharged by the battery under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, termination voltage, etc.). Generally, the capacity unit of an automobile battery is Ah. For example, a battery with a capacity of 45Ah can continuously discharge for 45 hours if the continuous discharge current is 1A. The higher the capacity of the battery, the better, otherwise it will affect the use of automotive electrical equipment. Of course, the higher the capacity of the battery, the higher the price.

Low temperature starting current (CCA):In addition to the above two data, there is also a mark "CCA" on the battery, which indicates the starting current that the battery can provide to the engine at low temperature. That is, the value is the current discharged by the battery before the limit feed voltage when the battery is discharged at -17.8℃ for 30 seconds. For example, a 12V battery case is marked with CCA value of 450, which means that at -17.8℃, before the voltage drops to 7.2V, it can provide 450A current for 30 seconds.

● At present, common standards for naming commonly used battery models:

First, based on the national GB standard, taking the battery of model 6-QAW-54a as an example, the explanation is as follows:

6: It is composed of six single-cell batteries, and the voltage of each single-cell battery is 2V, that is, the rated voltage is 12V；;
Q: indicates the purpose of the battery, Q is the battery for automobile starting, M is the battery for motorcycle, JC is the battery for ship, HK is the battery for aviation, D is the battery for electric vehicle, and F is the battery for valve control;
A and W: indicate the type of battery, A indicates dry-load battery, W indicates maintenance-free battery, and if it is not marked, it indicates ordinary battery;
54: indicates that the rated capacity of the battery is 54Ah;
Corner A means the first improvement of the original product, and corner B means the second improvement after the name, and so on. (Note: adding D after the model indicates good low-temperature starting performance, such as 6-QA-110D).

Second, based on Japanese JIS standard.For example, the meaning of battery parameters with model "38B20L" is analyzed as follows:

38: Indicates the performance parameters of the battery. The larger the number, the more power the battery can store. (Note: the numerical value has nothing to do with the capacity)
B: code indicating the width and height of the battery. The combination of the width and height of the battery is represented by one of eight letters (A to H). The closer the letter is to H, the greater the width and height of the battery.
20: indicates that the length of the battery is about 20cm.
L: indicates the position of the positive terminal. Seen from the battery pole, the positive terminal is marked R at the right end and L at the left end.

Third, based on the German DIN standardFor example, the meaning of each parameter of the battery with model "CCA 660" is analyzed as follows:

CCA: indicates low-temperature starting current.
660: indicates that the low-temperature starting current value is 660 amps.

2013 Buick Excelle

　　Excelle is a veteran of the compact car market. In 2013, the manufacturer made a small change to it. Although the appearance changed little, it replaced a brand-new power system, which greatly improved its fuel economy. However, the manufacturer did not replace the battery of Excelle because of changing the power system, but still purchased the maintenance-free battery of the well-known brand ACDelco, with a capacity of 55Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 610A, which is enough for a 1.5-liter model. However, the price of this battery in Buick 4S store is not cheap, and 650 yuan is still much more expensive than the market price. In addition, the working hours in 50 yuan mean that if you choose to replace the battery for Excelle in 4S store, it will cost 700 yuan in total.

2013 Buick Angola ENCORE

　　Angola ENCORE is a small SUV launched by Buick in October 2012. Its appearance broke the market structure and further lowered the threshold of SUV, so that consumers with a budget of only 100,000 yuan can also buy a stylish, well-equipped, powerful and joint-venture SUV with a four-wheel drive system.

　　Buick Angola ENCORE uses a power combination of 1.4T+6AT, which has good acceleration performance and smoothness. The battery it uses is also from ACDelco (the specific model is unknown), but the capacity and low-temperature starting current are different from those of Excelle. It has a capacity of 60Ah, a low-temperature starting current of 438A, a 4S shop price of 605 yuan, and a working hour fee of 665 yuan in 60 yuan, which is cheaper than Excelle.

2013 Shanghai Volkswagen New Santana

　　Santana is a famous name for Chinese people. However, the new Santana launched in 2012 has nothing to do with the "previous generation" models in essence. It is a product from PQ25 platform, and should belong to the same level as POLO. However, due to its long body size and wheelbase, we will classify it as a compact car for the time being. It has been proved that its interior space is not less than that of most compact cars.

　　The new Santana has two power options: 1.4-liter and 1.6-liter, and the 6AT gearbox is one of its highlights. The new Santana adopts valta 5KD 915 105C battery, which is consistent with models such as POLO and Skoda Jingrui. The capacity of this battery is 51Ah, the low-temperature starting current is 480A, the price of 4S is 622 yuan, the working time is 70 yuan, and the total cost of replacing the battery is 692 yuan. In addition, because there is a circuit board on the battery surface of Volkswagen series models, it is a little troublesome to disassemble and replace it.

2012 Speed Sharp 1.5T Model

　　BYD is the first manufacturer in its own brand to adopt turbocharged engine and dual-clutch gearbox technology, and its brand influence has been greatly improved. Speed sharp has won the attention of the media and the public with its unprecedented remote control technology. Although there is still a lot of room for improvement in the ride comfort of the fast-sharp dual-clutch gearbox, the power of the 1.5T turbocharged engine is excellent. Coupled with its rich configuration performance, BYD Speed Sharp’s comprehensive strength is quite strong.

　　Because of its high configuration, remote control technology and remote engine starting technology, it has higher requirements for batteries. The original factory of Surui is equipped with valta 80D26L battery, with a capacity of 70Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 600A. These parameters are completely comparable to those of medium-sized cars. However, its battery price is relatively expensive. The price quoted by the 4S shop is 654 yuan, and the total cost of replacing 30 yuan is 684 yuan.

2013 Dongfeng Citroen C4L

　　Although C4L has not been listed for a long time, it has left a deep impression on people with its powerful power of 1.6T and spacious and comfortable ride. C4L is a rising star in the compact car market. Its biggest highlight is the 1.6T engine jointly developed by PSA and BMW. This engine was also awarded the title of "Top Ten International Engines in 2013" some time ago.

　　The battery of C4L is almost covered by a whole circuit board, so it is difficult to see the brand and parameters of the battery from the outside. Through our contact with the 4S store, we know that the battery used in C4L is no different from the previous Sega, both of which are Bosch L2-400 maintenance-free batteries, with a capacity of 60Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 640A. The price of accessories is 490 yuan and the working hours are 96 yuan, and the total price is a little more expensive than Sega.

2013 Dongfeng peugeot 3008

　　3008 is the first SUV launched by Dongfeng Peugeot. From the current attention and sales volume, it should be regarded as a successful model. I think its success is first attributed to the correct positioning of the 3008 by the manufacturer. Although it is derived from the compact car platform, the space and workmanship are not worse than those of mainstream SUVs such as CR-V and Tiguan, and the price is lower than them, so it is not surprising that the 3008 sells well.

　　3008 and C4L use the same power system, so their batteries are basically the same, which has been verified in the previous Sega and 308. Under normal circumstances, Citroen or Peugeot will have two battery suppliers, Bosch and Camel. The C4L introduced above uses Bosch’s battery, and the 3008 we investigated this time just uses the camel battery of the same L2-400 model, with the same capacity and low-temperature starting current as C4L, which are 60Ah and 640A respectively. However, the price of batteries in Peugeot 4S shop is relatively cheaper, with the price of accessories in 480 yuan and the working hours in 100 yuan, totaling 580 yuan.

2013 GAC Toyota Camry

　　The seventh generation Camry used tougher lines, which made it look younger and more athletic. However, its appearance doesn’t seem to get much recognition, so that its sales volume is not as good as before. In fact, if you carefully observe this generation of Camry, you will find that it has made great progress in appearance and interior texture. More importantly, the 6-speed automatic manual transmission has finally become the standard configuration of the 2.5-liter model (except the hybrid version). On the whole, its overall strength has been significantly improved compared with the previous generation.

　　Japanese cars have always used local brand parts, and almost all batteries are maintenance-free. For example, Camry uses Hitachi brand non-maintenance-free batteries, with a capacity of 65Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 630A A. From the parameter point of view, this battery is not bad. In fact, 4S stores call this battery "maintenance-free and refillable", and its service life is about 4-5 years, which is equivalent to maintenance-free batteries. According to the 4S shop, this battery does not need to be added with electrolyte during its service life under normal use. However, if it is not used properly, such as when the vehicle is parked for a long time, or listening to music when the engine is turned off, this battery may lose power and need to be supplemented with electrolyte when necessary. The quotation of this battery 4S shop is 695 yuan, and the replacement time is 80 yuan, with a total cost of 775 yuan.

2013 Dongfeng Nissan Teana

　　As another best-selling Japanese car in the medium-sized car market, Teana has also undergone a generation change in the previous period. In addition to the new design of the exterior and interior, the biggest change of the new generation Teana is to replace the previous 2.5-liter V6 engine with a 2.5-liter L4 engine. Although two cylinders were reduced, the new L4 engine did not lose to the previous V6 engine in terms of parameters, and the fuel economy was improved.

　　The new Teana adopts the non-maintenance-free battery of GS (Uni-President) brand, its capacity is 62Ah, and the low-temperature starting current is 582A. Compared with the Camry just introduced, Teana is slightly worse in battery parameters, but it will not affect the daily car. In addition, the price of battery replacement in Nissan 4S shop is slightly lower than that of Camry, in which the price of accessories is 590 yuan and the working hours are only 48 yuan.

2013 Chevrolet Mai Rui Bao

　　Although Chevrolet Mai Rui Bao has a history of many years in the United States, it is still a young model that just debuted in China. However, in the highly competitive medium-sized car market, Mai Rui Bao has gradually gained a foothold with its balanced strength and high cost performance. It is indeed a model worthy of recommendation, because its price is comparable to that of compact cars such as sagitar, but it is an out-and-out medium-sized car.

　　Mai Rui Bao uses a sail brand maintenance-free battery with a capacity of 60Ah and a low-temperature starting current of 525A. This battery is priced at 452 yuan in the 4S shop, and the working hours are paid in 90 yuan, so the overall cost is not expensive.

Summary:

　　At present, most family cars on the market use maintenance-free batteries, while only some Japanese manufacturers insist on using non-maintenance-free batteries. However, even today’s non-maintenance-free batteries, in fact, under normal use, there is no need for users to regularly replenish electrolyte, which is as convenient to use as maintenance-free batteries, and their service lives are similar. Judging from the models we investigated in this issue, the batteries they use can reassure consumers in terms of brand and parameters. Only with the increase of purchasing cost, the quotation of 4S stores for batteries is generally high, which is about 200 yuan on average. Therefore, we suggest that if your vehicle has exceeded the warranty period, it is more cost-effective to replace the battery in some regular auto repair shops, provided, of course, that the replaced battery must match the vehicle. (Text/Figure car home Zhang Ziyi)

> > Choosing a car is no longer a hassle. Click to enter the vehicle evaluation team < <

　　Yesterday, starring Sun Honglei and Shen Aojun, director Jiang Wei went to Guangzhou to build momentum for the TV series "Latent" which will land on TVS4 and TVS1 on the evening of December 20th. In recent film and television circles, three plays starring Sun Honglei have occupied half of the country: Latency, which is held as the finale drama by various stations, Mei Lanfang, a New Year blockbuster, and vicissitudes of life, the opening drama of CCTV. Sun Honglei, who plays a gentle character in the play, wore a big leather coat, wide jeans and a big silver chain around his neck yesterday, showing his long-lost "tough guy" side.

　　Three roles, three gas fields

　　In Latency, Mei Lanfang and Vicissitudes, Sun Honglei subverts the style of "gang leader" and plays the feminine Qiu Rubai (Mei Lanfang), the cautious Yu Zecheng (Latency) and the romantic Confucian general Yang Liqing (Vicissitudes). Sun Honglei said, "These three roles are far from the roles I have played before. I have been looking for a breakthrough all my life. Recently, I just won an award,’ the most breakthrough film actor of 2008′. I think the word’ breakthrough’ is the biggest praise for me. "

　　Qiu Rubai (Mei Lanfang):

　　"This is a turning point in my acting career, and I call this role an exclamation point."

　　Character scanning: Some people say that Qiu Rubai is the protagonist of Mei Lanfang. Qiu Rubai was present at the critical moment that decided Mei Lanfang’s fate. He pushed Mei Lanfang to success, and he also sabotaged the relationship between Mei Lanfang and Meng Xiaodong in secret. This character suspected of "brokeback" brought people considerable surprises.

　　Modeling scan: wearing antique round glasses, a long scarf and a gown, she is an intellectual.

　　Self-interpretation: This is perhaps my boldest attempt. After filming this play, I am all quiet and soft, and I can quietly reflect on what new breakthroughs I can make. It can be said that this is a turnaround in my acting career, and I call this role an exclamation point. Because I played Qiu Rubai, I dared to try to play Yu Zecheng and Yang Liqing, which also made me dare to try all kinds of roles in the following days. I believe that every role will not be the end for me, and the word "breakthrough" is my greatest praise.

　　Yang Liqing

　　("The right path on earth is vicissitudes"):

　　"Good and evil, everything is full on him."

　　Character scanning: Yang Liqing was stubborn when he was a child, but he gradually grew into an excellent revolutionary soldier after receiving the enlightenment of communism in Huangpu Military Academy. "Tiger spirit" and "monkey spirit" coexist in him, and chivalrous character and tenderness coexist.

　　Modeling scan: I shaved my hair, revealing the sharp "beauty tip" on my forehead, with thick eyebrows, wearing a military uniform and full of righteousness, and wearing casual clothes looks a little "skin".

　　Self-interpretation: He is very skinny, but he is healthy in his bones. I like this character very much. There may be some shadows of Yang Liqing in my life, but he is happier and more sunny. I appreciate his uniqueness and unconventional playing. In the past, many descriptions about communist party people were superficial. In fact, they had their romance, their manners and grace. Yang Liqing was a Confucian general of scholarly family.

　　Yu Zecheng (Lurking):

　　"I have to press my own strength to act."

　　Character scanning: Yu Zecheng changed the "Gao Daquan" image of the characters in the traditional red classic works. He was a little dull, spoke softly and stammered. Sit next to the leader with your feet closed and your hands on your knees; Frown and cough when drinking wine; The status at home is "women are strong and men are weak". In this play, Sun Honglei "invented" a simple and honest smile that only belongs to Yu Zecheng.

　　Modeling scan: the thick eyebrows are trimmed very finely, and most of the eyebrows are cut off. A fluffy pineapple head is buckled on his head, which makes him look naive.

　　Self-interpretation: I chose this drama because I took a fancy to the truth of Yu Zecheng. I have been exposed to many spy war scripts before, but I don’t think they are spies at first glance. Only Yu Zecheng, who let me see a real underground worker, gave me a feeling of "taking root". He can’t be more ordinary. What he does every day is to hide himself from being discovered. He has the impulse to laugh when he is happy and cry when he is sad, but he has to cover it up. I designed a silly smile for him, which can’t be seen in any other play. When I got this script, I felt that I could show the world that the underground party is like this-smart enough, low-key enough and calm enough. At first, the director always said that my aura was too strong, and Yu Zecheng couldn’t show any feelings. Later, I tried my best to play the role before explaining it.

　　Off-stage Sun Honglei:

　　"I am as crazy about my career as Qiu Rubai, and as dull as Yu Zecheng."

　　Sun Honglei said frankly that all three characters have their own shadows: "Qiu Rubai is a comedian, so am I, and I have a pilgrim’s heart for the performing arts."

　　When asked who I look more like in real life, Sun Honglei replied "Yu Zecheng" without thinking: "I hope I have a normal mind, which may be different from what the audience saw in the play before. My real personality is closest to Yu Zecheng, plain and low-key, and sometimes it seems boring. I read books, listen to music and play ball games in my spare time. I am a gentle and peaceful person. I only hope that people around me can live comfortably and freely. I don’t want people to treat me as an actor, let alone a star. I especially hate this. " For Yang Liqing, Sun Honglei is more appreciative: "I appreciate his comprehensiveness and his fullness, but few people can do it like him."

　　Three women, three feelings

　　In the play "Latent", Sun Honglei’s leading role is one of the highlights of the play, but one of the reasons why many viewers like the play is the main line of the play-Yu Zecheng’s worrying "marriage" and love. Yu Zecheng had three women, and Sun Honglei gave them the position that "Yu Zecheng’s greatness was achieved through these three women".

　　Zuo Lan (Shen Aojun) Love Fantasy

　　Character scanning: She is Yu Zecheng’s first love, with goals, faith, talent and outstanding appearance. In the words of Yu Zecheng’s plays, it is "every inch of this woman is worthy of love". They have the same heart and tacit understanding. Zuo Lan is the guiding light of his life. This woman did her best to protect the safety of Yu Zecheng before she died.

　　Sun Honglei explained: Zuo Lan is romantic and perfect, and it is also Yu Zecheng’s greatest love fantasy. When he first went to communist party, he didn’t think about his faith. He simply thought, "Since Zuo Lan likes to work for communist party, I’ll change my job." Later, everything Yu Zecheng did for a long time had a simple purpose: "After helping Zuo Lan complete the task, we will get married and have children together." Seeing her dead, Yu Zecheng went crazy, and his heart was completely broken, leaving only an empty shell supporting him, but there were spies watching outside, so he could only walk out of the morgue with a straight face and force himself to smile at the spy.

　　Cuiping (Yao Chen) comes naturally.

　　Character scanning: She is a character who makes the audience laugh and cry, and she makes Yu Zecheng go on firmly. She is not Yu Zecheng’s type, rude, uneducated, simple-minded and single-minded; However, the life of a fake couple made them love each other for a long time. When Yu Zecheng thought that Cuiping died, he finally couldn’t support it. He climbed from the ground three times in a row and failed to get up.

　　Sun Honglei explained: Don’t say that Yu Zecheng can’t accept it, and I can’t accept such people. But she has a power. If she doesn’t do spy war, she will be a good guerrilla. She and Yu Zecheng seem to be disharmonious, but they have achieved the greatest harmony. This is the beauty of the director and the screenwriter. Bringing two people from far away together forms an advanced comedy effect, an effect of tears in laughter.

　　In late autumn (Zhu Jie), the yin is wrong and the yang is wrong.

　　Character scanning: a female college student with culture, thought, special self-confidence and dare to love. She dared to act boldly and admitted that she liked Yu Zecheng in front of Cuiping. Finally, Yu Zecheng got married in late autumn for work reasons, which surprised the audience.

　　Sun Honglei explained that the relationship between Yu Zecheng and Late Autumn was purely mutual use. Yu Zecheng had to pretend to love her in order not to expose herself, and she also pretended to love Yu Zecheng in order to get rid of her family’s clutches. They ended up together by mistake. Maybe Yu Zecheng doesn’t know whether she loves her or not, but I believe this is not love, but sympathy, pity! He didn’t want her to die, so he sent her to Yan ‘an for the sake of Communist party member.

　　Off-stage Sun Honglei:

　　"There are indeed obstacles to playing kissing."

　　Sun Honglei has always avoided talking about emotional issues. He responded openly to the audience’s question that "Sun Honglei will not play emotional drama": "Maybe, the audience is the most authoritative judge. I am a fan of the authorities. I really don’t know how to play emotional drama." Many viewers criticized him for being "stiff in the kissing scene", and Sun Honglei was helpless: "I can’t help it. Yao Chen said that his kissing scene was’ the feeling of two pieces of raw meat mixed together’, and I didn’t even feel raw meat. I really can’t play this kind of drama, so I have also pushed off many TV dramas and movies, and there are indeed obstacles. "

　　Director Jiang Wei

　　Respond to questions

　　[link]

　　Director Jiang Wei responded to questions.

　　● The ending is too tragic?

　　"Since this drama is about heroes, what can best show heroism is their spirit of sacrifice. Sacrifice is not necessarily the sacrifice of life, but also the sacrifice of their love, family and children. It is a sacrifice for Yu Zecheng to finally leave his wife and children with women he doesn’t love. "

　　● Heroic civilians?

　　"There are two ways to express heroes, one is external and the other is internal. The exposed hero appears to be Gao Daquan, and the inner hero is more real. "

　　● Yao Sun is not in tune?

　　"I think it’s quite reliable to put them together. As long as Yao Chen can jump out of the previous comedy role and as long as Sun Honglei can take back the flamboyant side, it’s absolutely appropriate for them to put them together."

Editor: Sun Jie

　　[car home Industry] On January 13th, 2021, the intelligent car system "Lion Zhiyun System Lion4.0" of Chery’s high-end brand EXEED Star Road was released in Shanghai. Since its first release in 2018, the system has been updated and iterated to the fourth generation. Compared with the previous generation of Lion3.0, the iterative Lion Zhiyun system Lion4.0 has better performance in multi-mode interaction, human-vehicle interconnection and big data application.

　　Xiongshi Zhiyun System is a set of "Know You Especially" intelligent car system created by EXEED Star Road in cooperation with Baidu, Intel, Neusoft and other software and hardware service providers. It integrates AR enhanced real-life navigation, deep face recognition payment, intelligent voice semantic recognition and other functions, and is equipped with up to 22 ADAS functions at the same level. Starting from the pain points of users, it is used in personalized face and voice recognition, car control, driving experience, safe driving, automatic parking, network security and even home interconnection.

　　◆AR enhanced real-life navigation

　　Lion4.0 system is equipped with a high-definition camera, which can interact with GPS positioning. Through AR real-life display and free switching of dual-screen images, the entire space facade will be built into an exclusive cockpit to realize cloud navigation guidance. The path identification that fits the road is like the original road. Map data, vehicle data and visual data are perfectly superimposed and integrated, which pulls the world outside the cabin into the cabin space. Through augmented reality technology, the guide line and lane line are perfectly fitted, giving a more intuitive, accurate and realistic road experience to complex road conditions and realizing "three-dimensional real-life navigation".

　　The 3D view allows users to rotate the vehicle at will to view the road information around the vehicle, and users can obtain the warning information of visual radar on obstacles in the high-definition view, and can also set the front or rear wide-angle view for viewing a larger field of view, so that it is easier to know the front and rear side road conditions.

　　◆Exclusive FACE ID to realize personality identification.

　　Through face recognition, after the driver gets on the bus, face recognition will quickly and automatically log in to the personal account, adjust the seat position suitable for the driver’s preference, and automatically switch the exclusive host, instrument and air conditioning theme style. The face recognition system has the ability of night recognition and living body recognition. When a stranger is driving, it will send an anti-theft reminder through Starway App, thus ensuring payment security.

　　After personality identification, the system will bind music, maps, wallets and other applications with one click, which can automatically associate various ecosystems, including automatic synchronous face-brushing payment, personalized music and video recommendation, and navigation account favorites (Baidu map) and other information.

　　　◆Intelligent speech recognition and sound source localization

　　The voice system of Lion Smart Cloud System Lion4.0 covers more than 80 kinds of vertical semantic databases, which can accurately identify various voice commands of users and respond quickly. The function of "sound source location" can identify the source of sound, identify the driver and passenger according to the location of the awakened sound source, execute voice control instructions according to the position, and control different areas respectively, which can be used for opening and closing windows, seat ventilation, heating and so on. Through in-depth linkage with Baidu, the voice system can also query Baidu Encyclopedia, Chinese-English translation, stock price, limit number and other contents.

　　◆ Autopilot/full-speed adaptive cruise/city intelligent car-following/high-speed intelligent navigation system

　　Lion4.0 is equipped with 3 77GHz millimeter-wave radars, 5 high-resolution cameras, high-performance depth based on hardware Soc, high-performance deep learning camera system based on neural network algorithm, and 12 ultrasonic radar systems around the vehicle in 360 degrees. L2 advanced auxiliary automatic driving can be realized.

　　Under the condition that there is a car ahead, the ACC of Lion4.0 can adaptively adjust the speed of the vehicle according to the set speed and distance, and follow the car to realize full-speed adaptive cruise of 0-180 km/h. ICA+TJA automatically accelerates, decelerates and turns with the preceding vehicle during the driving process, without stepping on oil, braking and steering, which can easily face the traffic jam and greatly reduce the burden on drivers’ hands and feet.

　　The new generation lane keeping system (LKA) is ahead of the mainstream lane departure suppression system (RDP) and adopts a new generation of BOSCH high-definition camera, which can support cornering and short-time unloading.

　　◆FAPA automatic parking assistance system

　　The upgraded Lion Zhiyun system combines image and radar parking mode, which makes parking conditions more relaxed and the success rate higher. The system can freely plan parking spaces based on panoramic view. In addition to supporting three modes of lateral parking, vertical parking and oblique parking, it also supports users to customize parking and drag parking spaces themselves, and it will make parking routes according to the parking spaces you drag. Vehicles are controlled by the system during parking, which completely liberates people’s hands and feet.

　　◆ Driver behavior monitoring

　　Lion 4.0 Lion Zhiyun system is equipped with fatigue driving monitoring, including attention monitoring, fatigue monitoring, dangerous driving behavior monitoring, linkage early warning and sub-speed interval early warning. For example, monitoring actions such as drinking water, looking out of the window for a long time, making phone calls, smoking, etc. will implement dangerous driving warning strategies; Monitoring behaviors such as closing eyes and yawning will implement the fatigue driving reminder strategy.

　　Drivers in the car equipped with Lion4.0 can give instructions directly through head movements and gestures to enhance the interactive experience. For example, you can perform mute operation by nodding and shaking your head.

　　Lion4.0 also has such a "black technology". The system is equipped with DOW front and rear double-door warning and DOA, which can detect and remind the range of 0-70 meters behind the vehicle, and can realize simultaneous warning and reminding inside (front row+rear row) and outside the vehicle, while caring for the occupants and laymen inside the vehicle. With this system, there is no need to worry about accidentally hitting the takeaway brother when driving the door.

　　In addition, Lion 4.0 Lion Zhiyun system is equipped with 9-inch W-HUD head-up display, dual 12.3-inch LCD screens, SONY customized hi-fi audio, and can also realize smart home interconnection. Automatic evolution of vehicle intelligence can be realized through FOTA remote intelligent upgrade.

　　　Edit commentsAs a high-end brand of Chery, Starway has made a lot of efforts in intelligence. Starway’s listed (|) and Chery’s Tiggo 8 are all equipped with the lion Zhiyun system. Intelligent and advanced car system is the general trend. In addition to transportation, cars are endowed with more and more entertainment functions, which is extended to the "third space" of people’s lives. But on top of this, safety is the first priority of the car, and the efforts of the Lion Zhiyun system in safety protection are also based on this consideration. As Professor Zhu Xichan said at this sharing meeting: Safety is 1, others are 0, and 1 comes first, followed by 0 is meaningful. (Text/car home Wang Jingbo)