Scrap cars are not junk, recycling and dismantling will usher in the ＂Nugget era＂
In 2018, China’s automobile production and sales reached 27.809 million and 28.081 million respectively, ranking first in the world for 10 consecutive years. Faced with such a huge production and sales volume, from June 1 this year, the Measures for the Administration of Recycling Scrap Motor Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the Measures for the Administration of Recycling) will be officially implemented.
According to the new regulations, where will consumers’ old "cars" go, and what impact will this bring to the automobile recycling and dismantling industry? How to "turn waste into treasure" of scrapped cars, realize maximum resource utilization and avoid environmental pollution?
The climax of automobile scrapping in China is coming soon.
According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2018, the number of motor vehicles recycled in China was 1.991 million, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%. According to vehicle types, the number of buses recovered was 1.184 million, up 10.5% year-on-year; 381,000 trucks, up 16.4% year-on-year; There were 42,000 trailers, a year-on-year increase of 44%. Among them, the growth rate of trucks and trailers is obvious, mainly because many local governments in China have formulated the target of early elimination and renewal of operating diesel trucks and the implementation plan of subsidies, with the maximum subsidy reaching 100,000 yuan.
"Although the number of scrapped cars in China has continued to grow in the past two years, in fact, the climax of scrapped cars in China has not yet arrived." Professor Du Huanzheng, director of the Institute of Circular Economy of Tongji University, said in an exclusive interview with the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that at present, the used car market in China is relatively hot, most of which are used cars eliminated from big cities, and they have not entered the dismantling market when they are sold to small and medium-sized cities.
By 2018, there are nearly 730 qualified enterprises for recycling and dismantling scrapped vehicles in China, with more than 2,300 recycling outlets, covering more than 80% of cities and counties in China. Because it is "sold by the catty" as scrap metal, the value of a scrapped car is no more than that of 1000 yuan — 2000 yuan
Du Huanzheng said that in 2001, in the "Management Measures for Scrap Vehicle Maneuvering" issued by the State Council, the scrap vehicle recycling industry was recognized as a "special industry", and almost every city above prefecture level had scrap vehicle dismantling points. Because the number of scrap vehicles was less than expected, large-scale dismantling could not be formed. In order to reduce the cost, most scrap points are dismantled manually in the open air, which is inefficient and easy to produce secondary pollution.
According to statistics, at present, China’s automobile scrapping and dismantling rate is still low, and the average scrapping rate is only 3% of the ownership & mdash; 4% or so, significantly lower than 6% in developed countries & mdash; 7% scrap rate; China’s recycling and dismantling rate is only 1% of its possession & mdash; 1.5%, far lower than 5% in developed countries & mdash; 6% level.
Zhang Ying, secretary-general of the Scrap Vehicle Branch of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, said: "According to the growth law of domestic car ownership and the law of scrapping years, China’s scrapped motor vehicles will usher in a period of rapid growth around 2020." If the cumulative sales of passenger cars nationwide in 2018 is 22.351 million, according to the international new car sales account for 70% of scrapped cars & mdash; 80%, China’s old car elimination data will exceed 10 million in 2019, and the recycling and dismantling rate and dismantling scale will also increase and expand.
Five assemblies and other parts are buried with gold and silver.
Engine, steering gear, transmission, front and rear axles and frame are called the "five major assemblies" of automobiles, and they are also valuable parts in automobiles. Du Huanzheng said that according to the previous regulations, the "five major assemblies" of scrap cars with high added value can only be handed over to metallurgical enterprises as scrap steel and melted into raw materials. Therefore, the added value of scrapped cars is greatly reduced, and some car owners are unwilling to trade to formal dismantling enterprises at this low price, and the willingness to invest in society is also reduced.
Hu Jianping, deputy inspector of the Market Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said that 18 years ago, the State Council urgently issued the "Management Measures for the Maneuvering of Scrap Cars" mainly in view of the fact that there were many assembled cars on the road at that time and the safety situation appeared. With the development of China’s economy, the phenomenon of assembling cars has gradually decreased. "The problem of assembling cars is no longer prominent, there are more and more private cars, and the car condition is getting better and better. It is urgent to revise the previous management measures."
It is a major breakthrough in the New Deal to allow the "five major assemblies" of scrapped cars to be reused. The "Measures for the Administration of Recycling" stipulates that if the "five major assemblies" of dismantled scrapped motor vehicles meet the conditions for remanufacturing, they can be sold to enterprises with remanufacturing capacity in accordance with relevant state regulations and recycled after remanufacturing; Parts other than the "Five Assemblies" can be sold if they meet the mandatory national standards for protecting personal and property safety and can continue to be used, but they should be marked as "Reusable Parts of Scrapped Motor Vehicles".
Du Huanzheng said that in order to make scrapped cars "turn waste into treasure", it is necessary not only to allow the "five major assemblies" of scrapped cars to be reused, but also to establish a recycling information system throughout the country, so that recycling enterprises can truthfully record the number, model and flow direction of major components such as the "five major assemblies" and upload them to the recycling information system. "For example, if the transmission of this car is broken, it can be deployed to a suitable remanufactured or reused transmission through the information system, which not only reduces the maintenance cost, but also saves resources." In addition, we should also do a good job in tracing the source, so that the source can be traced and the destination can be traced, and the market order can be strengthened to effectively prevent scrapped automobile parts from flowing into the black market.
"At present, the technology in the field of dismantling, remanufacturing and recycling of scrapped cars has basically matured, and some enterprises in China can also produce large-scale mechanical dismantling and automatic sorting equipment used in Europe, America, Japan and other countries; New materials and technologies such as nano are also constantly being introduced. " Du Huanzheng said, however, the basis for using these mature technologies and equipment is large-scale production.
Therefore, the Measures for the Administration of Recycling stipulates that enterprises that have obtained the qualification for recycling scrapped motor vehicles have storage and dismantling sites, dismantling equipment and facilities and dismantling operation specifications that meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards such as environmental protection, and have professional and technical personnel suitable for dismantling scrapped motor vehicles. And explicitly canceled the "special industry" restrictions, and those who meet the conditions can engage in recycling and dismantling. After the opening of the industry, "it is conducive to attracting social capital into enterprises with advanced technology and large scale, which will accelerate the cultivation of leading enterprises and promote the utilization of new technologies." Du Huanzheng said.
The recycling market is as high as tens of billions of yuan.
At present, the number of cars in China is 240 million, according to the international 4%— The average level of 6% scrapping ratio, China’s automobile scrapping scale is quite large. Essence Securities pointed out that according to the "five major assemblies" of a car, the recycling value is 5,000 yuan — At present, China’s scrap car recycling market is as high as 60 billion yuan — 84 billion yuan.
Experts in the industry said that the current market environment and related policies are conducive to the reuse of the value of scrapped cars, and at the same time help to mobilize the enthusiasm of car owners to scrap and promote new car consumption. Li Yuke, deputy director of the Automotive Industry Policy Research Office of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, said that it is estimated that the sales scale of spare parts will reach 10 billion yuan in the next few years.
"The dismantling of scrapped cars is basically physical, and there are fewer pollution links, such as harmless treatment of engine oil, freon, airbags and crushed waste." Du Huanzheng said that in Japan and other countries, the handling costs of freon and airbags are mainly borne by the owners. In China, the extended producer responsibility system can be used to allow automobile manufacturers to pay this fee to dismantling enterprises, thus accelerating the development of the recycling industry of scrapped automobiles, which will also play an important role in China’s motor vehicle industry chain.
advice from others
There is a relatively complete scrapping and recycling system in big automobile countries.
The data shows that countries and regions with developed automobile industry have also developed the recycling and processing industry of scrapped cars, with a relatively sound system. There are 5,000 scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises and 140 crushing enterprises in Japan, and the recycling rate of scrap cars is close to 100%. In 2005, the Automobile Recycling Law was promulgated, which clearly stipulated the division of responsibilities between automobile manufacturers and those responsible for dismantling and crushing enterprises. Through the automobile registration and declaration system and recycling system, we can master the export of each used car, the flow of used cars and the dismantling of used cars.
The United States stipulates that car owners can’t throw away used motor vehicles at will, and there is also a relatively complete motor vehicle scrapping and recycling system. There are about 12,000 scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises, about 200 car crushing enterprises and 20,000 parts remanufacturing enterprises in the United States. Most of the dismantling and recycling enterprises and automobile manufacturing enterprises are jointly operated. Automobile manufacturing enterprises have the obligation and responsibility to undertake scrap car recycling, and have professional remanufacturing and parts refurbishment technology, which can remanufacture engines and generators with reuse value and resell them, accounting for about 45% of each car & mdash; 70% parts are reused.