Party Group of National Defense Science and Technology Bureau： Accelerate the establishment of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system
Core points:
■ At the plenary session of the PLA delegation at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that collaborative innovation between the military and the people should be carried out, the integration of basic elements of military and civilian science and technology should be promoted, and integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system should be accelerated. This important exposition conforms to the development trend of the world’s scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and new military revolution, fully embodies the inherent requirements of coordinating the overall situation of national security and development, profoundly reflects the objective laws of scientific and technological development and technological innovation, and points out the direction for deeply implementing integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy and creating a new situation of strengthening the country and building the army.
■ Establishing integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system is the fundamental requirement to win the national strategic advantage, an effective way to achieve the goal of strengthening the military in the new period, and an inevitable move to promote the supply-side structural reform and cultivate new kinetic energy for economic development.
■ The national defense science and technology industry is the most important field in integration of defense and civilian technologies, the main body of the national defense science and technology innovation system, and an important part of the national scientific research system and industrial technology system. We should be the vanguard in weapons and equipment construction, scientific and technological innovation capability, military economic growth, talent highland construction and military culture construction.
■ To build integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system, we must accurately grasp the spirit of the series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on integration of defense and civilian technologies and scientific and technological innovation, think about problems and promote work from the overall perspective of national security and development strategy, and make efforts to establish and improve the cooperative innovation mechanism of national defense science and technology, strengthen collaborative research in major key technical fields of national defense science and technology, give full play to the leading role of major national science and technology projects, promote the open sharing of military and civilian scientific and technological resources, deepen the reform of national defense science and technology industry, and actively serve economic and social development.
At the plenary session of the PLA delegation at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that collaborative innovation between the military and the people should be carried out, the integration of basic elements of military and civilian science and technology should be promoted, and integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system should be accelerated. This important exposition conforms to the development trend of the world’s scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and new military revolution, fully embodies the inherent requirements of coordinating the overall situation of national security and development, profoundly reflects the objective laws of scientific and technological development and technological innovation, and points out the direction for deeply implementing integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy and creating a new situation of strengthening the country and building the army. As a national strategic industry, national defense science and technology industry is the backbone of national security and national defense construction, and the backbone of national science and technology innovation system. We must put accelerating the establishment of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system in an important strategic position, create new development advantages with scientific and technological innovation, promote the simultaneous improvement of national strategic competitiveness, social productivity and military combat effectiveness, and lay a solid material and technological foundation for realizing the goal of strengthening the military and the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
First, the great strategic significance of establishing integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system
The establishment of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system is to integrate the national defense science and technology innovation system into the national science and technology innovation system in a wider scope, at a higher level and at a deeper level, so as to form a pattern of mutual compatibility and synchronous and coordinated development of the two major innovation systems. This is of great strategic significance to the implementation of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy and the unification of a rich country and a strong army.
The fundamental requirement of winning the national strategic advantage. In today’s world, the coupling of national strategic competitiveness, social productive forces and military combat effectiveness is getting closer and closer, and the integration of national defense economy and social economy, military technology and civilian technology is getting deeper and deeper. Major countries in the world have increased their strategic investment in integration of defense and civilian technologies in the field of science and technology, striving to seize the commanding heights in the fierce strategic competition and military competition. Facing the complicated security situation and arduous rejuvenation, only by accelerating the construction of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system, effectively organizing and mobilizing rich and powerful scientific and technological resources, and efficiently transforming the rapidly growing scientific and technological strength and innovation capability into an advanced and powerful national overall strength, can we firmly grasp the leading role of national development and security.
Effective ways to achieve the goal of strengthening the army in the new period. To enhance military competitiveness, we must break through a series of major bottlenecks that restrict the development of science and technology. In recent years, some civilian-run high-tech enterprises have taken the lead in many technical fields with great military potential. Only by further promoting the collaborative innovation between the military and the people, bringing the powerful civilian-run private enterprises into the national defense scientific research and production system in an orderly manner, and maximizing the use of civilians for military purposes, can we improve the rationality of the layout of the national defense science, technology and industry system, the economy of input and output, the effectiveness of capacity building, continuously improve the supply and support capabilities of weapons and equipment, and build a solid foundation for strengthening the army.
It is an inevitable move to promote supply-side structural reform and cultivate new kinetic energy for economic development. At present, China’s economic development has entered a new normal. Establishing integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system, doing a good job in the civil transformation of national defense science and technology, actively promoting the opening, overflow and transformation of military technology, talents and facilities to the national economy, constantly expanding the scale of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s high-tech industries, and radiating the rise of emerging industries and upgrading of traditional industries are of great significance to the adjustment of national economic structure and the transformation of development mode.
Second, the national defense science and technology industry is the vanguard of building integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system.
National defense science and technology industry is the most important field in integration of defense and civilian technologies, the main body of national defense science and technology innovation system, and an important part of national scientific research system and industrial technology system. The national defense science and technology industry has always actively implemented the two strategies of innovation-driven and integration of defense and civilian technologies, developed through innovation, and expanded in integration of defense and civilian technologies, and explored a road of innovation in integration of defense and civilian technologies with China characteristics.
Insist on innovation and casting swords, and the strength of the country’s heavy weapons is constantly highlighted. High-tech weapons and equipment have achieved leap-forward development, the scientific research and production plan has been fully completed, and a weapon and equipment system with China characteristics has been initially established, and the capabilities of strategic deterrence, information acquisition, air defense and anti-missile, offshore defense, underwater attack and defense, long-distance delivery and electronic countermeasures have been greatly improved. The major national science and technology projects led or implemented by the national defense science, technology and industry system have become the era symbol of national science and technology innovation. "Chang ‘e V" will make China the third country in the world to carry out the lunar sampling and returning mission. Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 manned space missions were a complete success. Major breakthroughs have been made in the fields of high-resolution satellites, Beidou navigation system, large transport aircraft, domestic large passenger aircraft C919, Hualong No.1, and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power technology.
Adhere to innovation and strengthen the foundation, and the core competence of military industry has reached a new level. We will promote the implementation of the system efficiency-based construction model, and greatly improve the core capabilities of military industry such as advanced design, manufacturing, test and verification, and the ability to transform military and civilian into peacetime and wartime. A number of major scientific research and experimental facilities involving the overall situation of national defense science, technology and industry with international advanced level have been built, filling the domestic gap. Focus on the bottleneck and shortcomings, implement the strong foundation project of national defense science, technology and industry, achieve a number of original achievements in key basic products and core technologies, and achieve a generational leap in a large number of military and civilian general materials. In the past five years, the national science, technology and industry system for national defense has won the special prize of national scientific and technological progress and the first prize of national technological invention, accounting for nearly 30% of the national awards at the same level in the same period.
Insist on innovation and industrial development, and realize sustained and rapid growth of the military industry economy. Expand the opening up of military industry, speed up the conversion of military technology to civilian use and the pace of joining the army by superior private technology enterprises. Significantly reduce access restrictions. By the end of 2016, more than 1,100 private enterprises had obtained the license for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment, and the level of allowing them to undertake tasks has been upgraded from low-end supporting to the development of key subsystems and complete machines. The catalogue of intellectual property rights transformation of national defense science, technology and industry has been published, and a large number of major military test facilities and large instruments have been shared with the public, effectively promoting the mutual support and transformation of military and civilian technologies. The military industry economy has maintained rapid development. integration of defense and civilian technologies’s industries such as nuclear, aerospace, aviation, ships, weapons and electronics have developed rapidly. The proportion of civilian products in the total output value of military industry group companies has stabilized at around 70%, half of which are military high-tech industries, and large-scale exports have been realized.
Adhere to innovation and wisdom, and become a highland for gathering talents and cultivating talents. Taking the implementation of major talent projects and plans as the starting point, we have cultivated a high-level innovative talent echelon with a reasonable mix of three generations, led by an innovation team, and an orderly combination of leading, high-end and backbone layers. A large number of young and middle-aged scientific and technological talents and great country craftsmen stand out and become the backbone. In the "two generals" of the commander-in-chief and chief designer of the military industry, a group of young people in their thirties and forties provoked the girders. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, universities with national defense characteristics and co-built universities with national defense characteristics have sent more than 100,000 graduates to relevant military and civilian units, which has become an important support for the national defense science and technology personnel training system.
Insist on innovation, establish the soul and expand the rich connotation of national culture. The national defense science, technology and industry system has always firmly adhered to the ideal and belief of dedicating everything to the party and the people, adhered to the overall concept that national interests are above everything else, the sense of responsibility that people’s interests are above everything else, and the professionalism that scientific undertakings are above everything else, and cultivated and formed the spirit of "loving the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard struggle, great cooperation and courage to climb". The nuclear industry spirit of "career is above everything else, responsibility is above everything else, rigor is integrated into everything, and enterprising achieves everything" and the manned space spirit of "being especially able to endure hardships, fight, tackle key problems and contribute" have formed a political culture that values the country, a people-oriented culture, a quality culture that wins trust with quality, an innovative culture that strives for new success and a team culture of cooperation.
While affirming the achievements, we should also clearly understand the shortcomings: there is a gap between independent innovation ability and development demand, the research motivation of basic frontier technology is insufficient, the original innovation ability is weak, and the development stamina is not strong; There is a distance between the breakthrough of bottleneck and self-control, and the situation that core technologies and key supporting products are subject to people has not fundamentally changed; Collaborative innovation mechanism and open integration are lagging behind, the results are not smoothly transformed, resources are difficult to share, and it is difficult for private enterprises to join the army; The effective connection between demand traction and technology promotion is insufficient, and the effective integration of national defense science and technology and industrial system with national science and technology and industrial system is insufficient.
Third, strive to promote the construction of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system
At present, the national defense science and technology industry is in a critical period of reform and development. Breaking through the core key, filling the shortcomings, accelerating the sprint and laying the foundation for future development are the requirements of the times for national defense science and technology innovation. To build integration of defense and civilian technologies’s innovation system, we must accurately grasp the spirit of the series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on integration of defense and civilian technologies and scientific and technological innovation, think about problems and promote work from the overall perspective of national security and development strategy, come up with practical countermeasures, and strive to take the lead in making substantive breakthroughs in the field of national defense science, technology and industry.
Establish and improve the collaborative innovation mechanism of national defense science and technology. Grasp the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction, government guidance and market function, military resources and local resources, military scientific research and civilian innovation, national interests and unit interests, and promote the organic coordination and mutual support of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and policy chain, so as to achieve intensive and efficient innovation management, balanced innovation chain connection, open sharing of innovation resources and more optimized innovation environment, and improve the overall efficiency of the national defense science and technology innovation system. Establish a goal-oriented, collaborative, efficient, integration of defense and civilian technologies, open and shared operation mechanism of national defense science and technology innovation platform, optimize the system layout, and promote the construction of national laboratories in integration of defense and civilian technologies.
Strengthen collaborative research in major key technical fields of national defense science and technology. Focus on strategic, driving and overall key common basic technologies, cutting-edge and subversive technologies such as artificial intelligence and network information, as well as bottlenecks and shortcomings such as military power, key materials and core components, unite military and civilian advantages, and establish a cooperation mechanism for Industry-University-Research with joint development, complementary advantages, achievement sharing and risk sharing, so as to ensure that the project results not only meet the national defense needs, but also drive technological breakthroughs in related fields of the country. Comprehensively guide social high-quality resources to participate in the construction of national defense science, technology and industry. Encourage civilian private enterprises to play a role in the strong foundation project of national defense science, technology and industry, and guide superior enterprises to participate in technical research and domestic development of important military equipment and key materials.
Give full play to the leading role of major national science and technology projects. Accelerate the implementation of major projects and major projects related to national security and long-term development, and promote and promote the overall leap of national defense science and technology independent innovation capability. Organize and implement major national science and technology projects for 2020, such as manned space flight and lunar exploration, and high-resolution Earth observation system, to ensure that the goals are achieved as scheduled. Accelerate the implementation and deepen the demonstration of a new batch of major national science and technology projects facing 2030, such as aero-engines and gas turbines and deep-sea space stations. Organize and implement national civil space infrastructure, Mars exploration and other major national defense science, technology and industry projects. Give full play to the leading role of innovation and radiation of major projects, accelerate the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and strive to create demonstration projects for innovative applications.
Promote the open sharing of military and civilian scientific and technological resources. We will promote the opening of key national defense science and technology laboratories and major military test facilities to the public. Strengthen the military-civilian coordination of newly-built laboratories and major experimental facilities to promote the efficient use of scientific and technological resources. We will improve the ownership and benefit distribution mechanism of national defense intellectual property rights, improve the system of declassification of national defense scientific and technological achievements, and encourage military enterprises to promote the transfer of military high technology to civilian areas. We should sort out the advantageous fields and capabilities of the civilian population, track the development trends of civilian technologies with potential military prospects, and encourage military industries to adopt advanced and applicable civilian technologies. Create a space for the creation of dual-use technologies for military and civilian use, and select and implement demonstration applications for the transfer and transformation of typical achievements. We will promote military-civilian cooperation and build institutions of higher learning and military research institutes with national defense characteristics into training bases for innovative talents in military and civilian areas.
Deepen the reform of national defense science, technology and industry. Formulate an implementation plan for deepening the reform of the national defense science, technology and industry system to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system. Actively and steadily promote the reform of military scientific research institutes, stimulate endogenous motivation and development vitality, and cultivate a number of innovative enterprises with international competitiveness. Accelerate the structural adjustment of military capabilities, build a weapon and equipment research and production system with "small core, large cooperation, specialization and openness", and form a pattern in which the core capabilities are led by the state, with key support, limited competition for important capabilities, preferential protection, and open and full competition for general capabilities. Deepen the reform of military enterprises and encourage them to become stronger, better and bigger. We will promote the pilot reform of mixed ownership of military enterprises, support the restructuring and listing of qualified military enterprises, and improve the securitization rate of military assets.
Actively serve economic and social development. Optimize the structure of military industry, and vigorously develop integration of defense and civilian technologies industries such as nuclear energy and nuclear technology application, "internet plus satellite application" and "big security and big defense" industries such as emergency rescue and security alert. Strengthen the connection between the development plan of national defense science, technology and industry and the national regional development strategic plan, coordinate military scientific research and production and industrial transformation and upgrading, encourage the military industry to strengthen strategic cooperation with local governments, land a number of major projects in integration of defense and civilian technologies, develop industrial clusters in integration of defense and civilian technologies, and build innovative demonstration zones in integration of defense and civilian technologies. Optimize the international strategic layout of the development of national defense science, technology and industry, innovate the "Belt and Road" participation form, vigorously promote the cooperation in military industry, military trade, nuclear and space, support the "going out" of superior equipment, and promote international capacity cooperation, project contracting and strategic resource development.