杭州品茶网

　　Author: Yao Xiaoou (distinguished professor, College of Literature, Liaocheng University)

　　From the "school of ancient history discrimination" and "examination of ancient history" in the 1920s, to the end of last century and the beginning of this century, Mr. Li Xueqin advocated "getting out of the age of doubting ancient history", and the research on China’s ancient history was getting deeper and deeper, among which the re-establishment of the concept of China’s 5,000-year-old civilization history was the key. Tracing the origin and historical inheritance of Chinese civilization has become a cultural event of concern to the whole society, and the discovery and research of bamboo and silk documents is an important link in the study of historical inheritance of Chinese civilization.

　　Characteristics and advantages of bamboo and silk documents and China’s ancient historical records

　　Archaeologists pointed out: "Over the past 20 years, the Chinese civilization tracing project has gradually unveiled the mystery of the origin of Chinese civilization through the investigation and excavation of many urban sites such as Liangzhu in Zhejiang, Shijiahe in Hubei, Taosi in Shanxi, Shimao in Shaanxi and Erlitou in Henan. The Chinese civilization tracing project has basically clarified the origin and early development of Chinese civilization. " (Chen Xingcan: Promoting the Spread of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture, People’s Daily, 20th Edition, August 18th, 2022) As a general rule, the study of world history judges the historical age through archaeological achievements, all of which are combined with literature. The richness and inheritance of China’s historical documents are obvious to all.

　　Mr. Qian Cunxun, a famous expert on books and documents and a Chinese-American scholar, has a detailed exposition on the characteristics and advantages of China’s historical documents in his famous book "Books on Bamboo and Silk —— Ancient Written Records of China". He said: "most of the history of mankind depends on the spread of written records, so it has been preserved to this day." China people’s recording methods and techniques of thoughts and activities have their own special position in the history of world cultural development. " Mr. Qian pointed out: "A major feature of China’s written records is its unique persistence and continuity. This feature enables a creative ancient culture in the world to continue to this day. In addition to the common sounds and meanings of ordinary characters, China characters also have their own special forms. This kind of characters with special forms transcends the changes in time and the limitations in space, unites the Chinese nation and creates one of the greatest cultures in the world. "

　　In the preface to the book, Mr. Li Xueqin quoted the above comments and said, "I believe that anyone who has read the book on bamboo and silk will be moved by this significant conclusion." Mr. Li’s "significant judgment" includes its significance in clarifying the origin of Chinese civilization. "Book on Bamboo and Silk" gives a comprehensive account of the origin of China’s books, from inscriptions on Oracle bones, inscriptions on inscriptions and inscriptions on tablets to bamboo slips and silk books. Generally speaking, from the perspective of document inheritance, bamboo slips and silk books, especially the bamboo slips that record books, are particularly valuable for discussion.

　　The carrier of bamboo slips is bamboo slips, which are all kinds of writing materials made of bamboo and wood, including bamboo slips, bamboo slips, bamboo slips and bamboo slips. Because Jane is a large number, the above written materials are often collectively referred to as "Jane". A book made up of simplified editions is the most common form of ancient books.

　　Literatures written in simplified books were used very early. "Shangshu Toz": "Hey! Tell Doss, … only I know, but the ancestors of Yin have books and codes, and Yin died in the summer. " The words quoted in Todos are from the mouth of the Duke of Zhou, and the object of teaching is the adherents of Shang Dynasty. From this, we can see that the existence and content of the documents in the Shang Dynasty were well known at that time. Its credibility is beyond doubt. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there are also many records of "books" and their use. Academic circles have a positive conclusion about the fact that simplified books have been used in Yin and Shang Dynasties. According to this, we can know that the existing Shang Shu Pan Geng and the source of Shang Song in the Book of Songs have cultural and institutional roots.

　　In addition, because of the material properties of organic materials, the document carrier of bamboo and silk is difficult to be preserved under normal conditions, which makes the number of ancient bamboo and silk buried in walls, underground and other places rediscovered by later generations small, so it should be especially cherished.

　　Discovery of bamboo and silk documents in past dynasties and its significance

　　Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, which blocked the inheritance of China literature to a great extent. In the Han Dynasty, all kinds of pre-Qin classics appeared one after another, except for the book-carrying law in four years. During the period of Emperor Wu, ancient books of the pre-Qin period were unearthed in the walls of Confucius’ old house and other places. At that time, there were people who gave away the old books in the pre-Qin period. Ancient pre-Qin books discovered in the Han Dynasty mainly include the following three aspects.

　　First, Confucius’ book in the wall. Historical Records Biography of the Scholars: "Kong’s family has an ancient book" Shangshu ",while Anguo read it in this text, because it started his family. I have won more than ten articles from the Book, and I have covered the Book of History. " Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi said: "The author of The History of Ancient Chinese Literature is out of the wall of Confucius. At the end of Emperor Wu’s reign, the King of the Communist Party of Lu ruined Confucius’ residence and wanted to enlarge his palace, but he got dozens of articles, such as The History of Ancient Chinese Literature, The Book of Rites, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety, all of which were ancient characters. " Liu Xin’s Book of Dr. Taichang: "When King Lu Gong destroyed Confucius’ residence, he got ancient prose in a bad wall. There are thirty-nine Yi Li, sixteen Books, … and the Spring and Autumn Annals, all of which were written by Zuo Qiuming, and more than twenty books were hidden in the secret mansion, but they were not published."

　　Second, other unearthed documents and books in the Han Dynasty, including Li, Shangshu and Xiaojing. History of Han Art and Literature: "Li Gu Jing was written by Lu Yanzhong and Confucius, which is similar to seventeen articles, with thirty-nine articles more." Kong Yingda’s Justice of Shangshu quoted Liu Xiang’s Bielu: "At the end of Emperor Wu, if the people had the Thai Oath in the wall, they would give it." Kong also quoted Fang Hong, assistant minister of Huangmen in the 14th year of Jian ‘an in Xian Di, as saying: "In the first year of Taihe in Xuan Di, women in Hanoi had a bad old house and got three articles of Thai Oath." Xu Chong’s "On the Table of Explaining Words": "The author of the Classic of Ancient Chinese Filial Piety was presented by the three old people of Lu when he was filial to Emperor Zhao."

　　Third, Zuo Zhuan presented by Zhang Cang and the ancient books presented by Hejian to the king. Xu Shen’s Pre-narration of Shuowen Jiezi said: "Beiping Hou Zhang Cang presented Zuo’s Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period". Its writing is "self-similar" to the book in Confucius’ wall and the Ding Yi inscription unearthed. "Han Shu He Jian Xian Wang Chuan": "He Jian Xian Wang De was established two years ago with filial piety, studying the past well and seeking truth from facts. If you get a good book from the people, you must write it well, keep it true, and add gold and silk to it. Because the people of the Quartet Taoism are not far away, or there are old books from ancestors, which are often presented to the king, so there are many books. And the Han Dynasty, etc … The books presented to the king are all ancient books before the Qin Dynasty, and the titles of Zhou Guan, Shang Shu, Li Ji, Mencius and Lao Zi are all recorded by legends and discussed by the people of seventy. "

　　All kinds of classics we use today have been handed down by scholars in the Han Dynasty. All kinds of ancient pre-Qin books appeared in the Han Dynasty are of great significance to the establishment of the learning system in the Han Dynasty, and their influence has continued until now.

　　After the Han Dynasty, the famous event of finding ancient simplified books in tombs was the discovery of "Jizhong Bamboo Book". Wang Guowei made an incisive judgment on the significance of the discovery of bamboo slips and silks, including "Jizhong Bamboo Slips", in the study of China’s ancient history. He said, "There was a book in the wall of Confucius, and then there was the study of ancient writers since the Han Dynasty. There are ancient artifacts unearthed in Zhao and Song Dynasties, and then there are ancient artifacts and ancient characters since Song Dynasty. After the bamboo book of Jizhong was unearthed in the Jin Dynasty, the result was not significant because of the chaos in Yongjia. However, Du Yuzhi’s Zuo Zhuan and Guo Pu’s Shan Hai Jing all quoted his theory, and the deeds of Yu, Yi and Yi Yin recorded in Bamboo Annals have become a major issue in China’s literature. However, the knowledge in China’s books depends on the discoverer of the underground, and it is not from today. " (Wang Guowei: "China’s newly discovered knowledge in the past two or three decades")

　　It is said in the Annals of Bamboo Books that "those who share common interests do things of the emperor, not two-phase republic", which is different from that described in Records of the Historian Zhou Benji, but it is supported by Tsinghua bamboo slips. In a word, the discovery of bamboo slips and silks unearthed in the Han Dynasty is of great significance and far-reaching influence on the narrative of China’s ancient history and the inheritance of Chinese civilization.

　　The Discovery of Bamboo and Silk Documents since the 20th Century and Its Significance

　　Unearthed documents have played a key role in many important advances in academic research in the twentieth century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Wang Guowei used the newly discovered Oracle bone inscriptions at that time to write papers such as "Examination of the First Duke and the First King Seen in Yin Oracle Inscriptions" and "Continued Examination of the First Duke and the First King Seen in Yin Oracle Inscriptions", which proved that the history of Shang Dynasty described in Historical Records was basically correct, and thus inferred "the authenticity of Xia Houshi lineage". This assertion has extended the recorded history of China for more than 1000 years.

　　From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, many discoveries and researches on bamboo and silk documents were greatly promoted. From the carrier, besides bamboo slips and silks, there are also Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Wen Tao and inscriptions. Bamboo slips and slips mainly include two categories, one is documents, and the other is books. Documents include common tomb dispatches, ancient files, official documents, decrees and bookkeeping, as well as calendars, calendars, Japanese books and miscellaneous medical prescriptions. These types of documents are first-hand materials for studying the social system at that time and the living conditions of ancient people, which are naturally valuable. However, from the perspective of the historical inheritance of Chinese civilization, handed down classics and books similar to handed down classics are of greater significance. Bamboo Slips of Chu Tomb in Guodian, Bamboo Slips of Warring States Collected in Shanghai Museum, Bamboo Slips of Warring States Collected in Tsinghua University and Bamboo Slips of Warring States Collected in Anhui University contain many classics. For example, there are three kinds of Lao Zi and Yi Yi in Guodian bamboo slips, The Book of Songs and various Confucian documents in Shanghai bamboo slips, The Book of Songs and Shangshu in Tsinghua bamboo slips, The Book of Songs, National Style and The Analects of Confucius in Anda bamboo slips. In addition, the bamboo slips and Qin slips of the Western Han Dynasty collected by Peking University, and the Western Han bamboo slips of the tomb of Hai faint Hou, etc., also have important historical document value.

　　There are two aspects worthy of special attention in the historical significance of the classic simplified literature. The first is the study of thinkers represented by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, including their ideological origin, the formation of unified ideas and their transmission in later generations. The second is the exploration of the ancient history of China, including the dating and historical orientation of the ancient history of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and before.

　　On the first aspect, the first breakthrough was made because of the publication of Bamboo Slips of Guodian Chu. On November 7th, 1999, the third edition of China Youth Daily published a series of articles written by Pang Pu, a famous philosopher and intellectual historian, with the title "How Bamboo Slips from Guodian Chu Tomb Rewrite the History of China Thought". The center of this group of articles is to discuss the inheritance of Guodian bamboo slips from Confucius to Mencius. The simplified version of Laozi has another meaning. The organizer of Guodian Bamboo Slips pointed out: "A and C of the simplified version of Laozi are the earliest copied versions of Laozi so far. Most of its sentences are similar or the same as this edition of Laozi. " This is strong evidence for affirming Lao Zi and his books recorded in historical documents. The study of the relationship between Laozi and Confucius can also be further deepened. Documents such as "Yi Yi" and "Five Elements" suggest that the Simeng School was widely spread in Chu at that time. New Confucian literature, such as "Self-assertion of Sex", "Poverty Reaches Time" and "The Way of Tang Yu", is also of great significance to the history of China’s thoughts. These show the inseparable relationship between Chu culture and the culture of the Central Plains during the Warring States period, and even for a number of periods. This is an excellent illustration of the pluralistic unity of Chinese culture.

　　As far as the history of China’s "three generations" is concerned, the existence of the Xia Dynasty was questioned by the school of ancient history differentiation, and as mentioned earlier, Wang Guowei once inferred the "authenticity of Xia Houshi’s lineage" contained in Historical Records based on the Oracle bones in the Yin ruins. According to "Guoyu Luyu", after being defeated by Tang, "Jie ran to the south nest". Rong Chengshi, a bamboo slip on Shanghai Bo, gives a more detailed account of this important historical event: "Jie is the Lishan family who fled, and Tang attacked it from this, and fell from the slogan to cut Kaminokado high." Jie is the south nest family who fled, and Tang attacked it. I fled to the wilderness of Sangwu. " Comparing the two, the main contents of Xia Jie’s ending in handed down literature and unearthed literature are consistent. The latter also mentioned that Jie’s final destination was "the wilderness of Cangwu". This is intriguing. In history, "the wilderness of Cangwu" is related to Shun. In the neighboring areas of this area, some unearthed bronzes are classified as "early Shang period", which is very beautiful and its cultural source is worth studying. Unearthed documents such as Tsinghua bamboo slips "Thick Father" and "Shenbuwei" also provide new materials for the study of Xia history.

　　Among the ancient civilizations in the world, the connotation and inheritance of Chinese civilization have their own characteristics. As far as the inheritance of civilization is concerned, the three generations of history and culture summarized by Confucius are represented by the chapters "Zai Yu Wen Wu Di De", "Emperor’s Family Name" and "Book of Rites and Liyun" in The Book of Rites, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Since the 20th century, the unearthed bamboo and silk documents have played an important role in the inheritance of contemporary Chinese civilization, which is worth our further study.

　　Guangming Daily (11th edition, March 16th, 2024)

　　Abstract: The history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is also a history of learning. Learning is a strong driving force for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to improve himself. It is the continuous improvement of learning ability that promotes the development and growth of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Communist Party of China (CPC) people rely on learning to go to today, and they must also rely on learning to go to the future. Over the past 95 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s successful experience in improving learning ability is a valuable spiritual wealth for the construction of learning-oriented political parties in the future.

　　[Keywords:] the Communist Party of China (CPC) learning ability learning-oriented political party [Chinese library classification number] D26 [document identification code] a

　　The history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is also a history of learning.

　　It is a fine tradition of our party to attach importance to and be good at learning. Learning is a strong driving force for the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s development and self-improvement. It is in the process of learning that the Communist Party of China (CPC) constantly improves his leadership level and ruling ability. The birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the great achievement of advanced elements studying Marxism seriously. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japan, faced with the new complicated situation, the Party’s theoretical literacy, policy level and knowledge ability need to be improved urgently. Mao Zedong proposed "to turn the whole Party into a big school". The learning activities of the whole party and the subsequent rectification movement have improved the Marxist theoretical level of the whole party and laid a solid foundation for winning the victory of the new-democratic revolution.

　　Before and after the founding of New China, the CPC Central Committee demanded that party member cadres should make great efforts to learn how to manage and build cities. Deng Xiaoping once gave a positive evaluation: "On the eve of national victory, Comrade Mao Zedong called on the whole party to study again. We didn’t study badly that time. After entering the city, we quickly recovered our economy and successfully completed the socialist transformation. " In the new period of reform and opening-up, the outstanding problem facing China in catching up and building a socialist modern country is the shortage of talents. Deng Xiaoping deeply feels that "there are too few professionals who know all walks of life". How to solve this problem? The best way is to study. In this process, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has gradually established a top-down learning system: first, establish and improve the learning system for on-the-job leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels; The second is to hold a theoretical seminar for senior leading cadres; The third is to create a system of collective learning of the central leadership; The fourth is to strengthen the rotation training of cadres in party schools. In the 21st century, China has a deeper understanding of the word "learning type" which originated in the west. In September 2004, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee proposed to "focus on the theoretical and professional study of leading cadres, promote the study of the whole party, and strive to build a learning-oriented political party". The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward learning, service and innovation as the unified goal of the construction of the ruling party, which is a profound grasp of the law of the construction of the ruling party and a major theoretical innovation.

　　Scientific arrangement of learning content ensures the pertinence and effectiveness of party member cadres’ learning.

　　Faced with rich cultural knowledge, the choice of learning content is very important. Different times and tasks, the content of learning is definitely changing, but there are some common contents that must be persisted in learning for a long time. Mao Zedong once pointed out: "Without revolutionary theory, historical knowledge and a deep understanding of the actual movement, it is impossible for a political party that guides a great revolutionary movement to win." In other words, theory, history and knowledge closely related to work are eternal learning themes.

　　Theoretical study should always be in the first place. To strengthen the party’s ideological and theoretical construction, the first task is to equip and innovate the theory, and learn to observe, analyze and solve problems by using Marxist standpoints and methods. Learning theory is the foundation of firm ideals and beliefs. Some cadres in party member are indifferent to their ideals and beliefs, and their spiritual level is not high. They even "don’t believe in Marxism-Leninism and believe in ghosts and gods". One of the important reasons is that they don’t pay attention to studying scientific theories and improving their ideological and theoretical literacy. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s belief in communism and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s belief are based on the scientific theory of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Only when party member cadres firmly believe in this scientific theory can they establish lofty ideals and firmly adhere to the guiding position of Marxism. Theoretical study is the basis of theoretical innovation. Every major study activity in the history of the Party has promoted the theoretical innovation of the Party. Learning promotes innovation, and innovation calls for learning. The benign interaction between them is valuable experience in the construction of learning-oriented political parties.

　　历史蕴含着丰富的智慧。古人云：“欲知大道，必先为史。”无论中国历史还是世界历史，都有治国安邦的智慧，都有兴衰更替的经验教训。积极学习人类社会的一切文明成果，科学分析和善于借鉴其他国家的先进经验，才能把别国的现代化先进成果转化为我国经济社会发展的助推力。读史使人明智，历史知识是政治智慧的前提，人们可以从历史的宝藏中获取人生智慧和精神动力。无论什么岗位什么工作的党员，学习历史是必修课。习近平总书记从不同角度多次指出，历史是最好的教科书、历史是最好的老师、历史是最好的清醒剂，中国革命历史对共产党人来说是最好的营养剂。

　　结合工作需要学习相关知识是建功立业的基本功。学习过程中，要坚持普遍性要求与个人爱好相结合的原则，在追求党组织整体建设目标的前提下，根据党员自身爱好和兴趣科学安排学习内容，使学习的内在动力与客观要求有机地结合起来。应坚持干什么学什么，缺什么补什么，认真学习经济、政治、文化等方面知识，不断提高知识化、专业化水平。努力用一切科学的新思想、新知识、新经验丰富自己，从而不断提高理论素养、领导水平和精神境界。

　　坚持理论联系实际的学风，确保学以致用

　　In the history of the party, there have been two wrong styles of study: one is dogmatism, that is, copying Marxist books and copying other countries’ models; The other is empiricism, that is, ignoring theoretical study and theoretical guidance, often falling into transactionalism and losing the way forward. The basic experience gained by the Party after paying a heavy price is that we must adhere to the excellent style of study of integrating theory with practice, learn to use scientific theories to understand and analyze reality, use theories to guide practice, and test and develop theories in practice, so as to truly apply what we have learned, promote learning and learn from each other.

　　The purpose of learning is all about application. Learning should be carried out closely around the development requirements of the cause of the party and the state, starting with a correct understanding and practical solution to new problems arising in social development, with problem learning. Learning is to solve problems, not to show up. The people are the creators of history, so they should be good at learning from the people and draw inexhaustible power from their wisdom and strength to promote the cause. The Party’s previous studies have been carried out on the basis of promoting the development of the cause and safeguarding and realizing the fundamental interests of the people, thus winning the support of the people. If you are divorced from the masses, sit and talk about things without the interests of the masses, or talk about theories without promoting career development, such learning is meaningless. The ongoing study and education of "two studies and one doing" emphasizes that the foundation lies in learning and the key lies in doing, that is, we should persist in applying what we have learned, do what we have learned, do what we have learned, and enhance our working skills and improve our ability to solve practical problems through learning.

　　Establish and improve the learning guarantee mechanism

　　Learning depends on consciousness as well as system. Perseverance is the most important thing in learning. If there is no certain institutional norms to restrain and habits cannot be formed, it will be difficult to persist in learning such a long-term and retreat task. For party building, learning is not only an individual behavior, but also an organizational behavior. An important goal of building a Marxist learning-oriented political party is to establish a perfect learning system, standardize learning and make learning a habit.

　　The institutional guarantee to improve the learning ability is to link the learning situation of leading cadres with the assessment and promotion of cadres, form a learning-oriented employment orientation, build an institutional system of assessment and evaluation of party organizations’ learning, improve the system of learning, evaluation and examination, make the learning of party organizations form a long-term mechanism, and strive to create an atmosphere in which party member cadres love reading, read well and be good at reading. We must persist in taking theoretical literacy and learning ability as the important basis for selecting and appointing leading cadres, and let the broad masses supervise the learning situation of leading bodies and leading cadres, and select cadres who are truly learned, truly understood, truly believed and truly used to leading positions. It is necessary to strengthen the application of assessment results, and in the evaluation and reward of cadres, we should not only examine the virtue and diligence, but also pay attention to the study situation.

　　Learning has gradually shifted from "engaging in activities" to "grasping the normal state", forming a long-term learning guarantee mechanism. According to the needs of the development of the situation, it is necessary to concentrate on learning for a period of time. However, learning is a long-term task, especially in the era of rapid development of science and technology. If you don’t learn, you will drop out. Therefore, you should persevere and form an institutional mechanism to ensure continuous learning. For example, establish and improve the training system, scientifically arrange pre-job training, professional training, promotion training, theoretical training, etc. Establish and improve various forms of thematic education system, and pay attention to the working mechanism of carrying out study and education on major festivals; For the study of leading cadres at all levels, it is also necessary to establish and improve the system of transforming learning achievements, and through various forms such as special seminars, collective exchanges, and research reports, the achievements of learning and education will be put into practice through decision-making bodies in time. The CPC Central Committee emphasizes that "two studies and one doing" is not an activity, but to highlight normal education and form regular, normalized and institutionalized inner-party learning and education.

　　Leading cadres take the lead in learning, which is the key to building a learning party.

　　The people are the creators of history, while leading cadres are the "key minority" and play a vital role in the process of social development. The construction of a learning party is a major project related to the development of the party and the country, and it is also a retreat work. If the "key minority" does not attach great importance to it and play a leading role in demonstration, it will be difficult to achieve practical results. Mao Zedong and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation are not only advocates and organizers of learning, but also practitioners. Their diligent actions and knowledgeable demeanor are examples for the whole party to learn. Since the reform and opening up, the central leadership has insisted on collective learning, which has set an example for the whole party and played a huge role in promoting and demonstrating the learning atmosphere in the whole party. Leading cadres should assume three roles in the process of learning and building a learning-oriented party organization, namely, meticulous organizer, active promoter and conscious practitioner.

　　回顾95年的历史，中国共产党强调学习的话语始终没有改变。在党的群众路线教育实践活动和“三严三实”专题教育取得显著成效的基础上，在全体党员中开展“两学一做”学习教育，就是把党的历史上重视学习、善于学习的优良传统弘扬光大。正如习近平总书记指出的：“好学才能上进。中国共产党人依靠学习走到今天，也必然要依靠学习走向未来。”

　　（作者为北京师范大学马克思主义学院教授）

　　【参考文献】

　　①习近平：《在中央党校建校80周年庆祝大会暨2013年春季学期开学典礼上的讲话》，《人民日报》，2013年3月3日。

　　

Mourinho has a wide range of highlights in his experience of coaching some top clubs in Europe. However, his most famous night happened in the Champions League in 2010/11, when two mysterious red cards seemed to benefit Real Madrid in the following rounds. Real Madrid’s qualification from Group G has been stabilized, and Mourinho tried to take action in the last game of the group stage against Ajax. Mourinho incarnated as a master of shuffling, clearly instructed Ramos and Alonso, and took the initiative to get two yellow cards and was sent off.

After Ramos and Alonso are sent off, they will be suspended for one game, but they will remain innocent in the most important knockout. Sure enough, Alonso completed this task in an efficient way and took the initiative to apply for a red card and was sent off. Ramos then received a second yellow card. As expected, the referee Craig Thompson did what was expected and sent off the two players. Then, Ramos walked up to the referee and shook hands with him, which made it more obvious that he was accepting Mourinho’s instructions.

Although Mourinho’s bold decision achieved the expected results, it also brought some adverse side effects to Real Madrid. UEFA ordered Real Madrid to pay a huge fine, Mourinho was suspended for two games and fined 40,000 euros, and the club was also fined 120,000 euros. This legendary coach who calls himself "a special one" makes UEFA very angry! Despite his cunning tricks, Mourinho felt the pain of facing his arch-rival Barcelona not once, but twice that season. First of all, Barcelona performed better in the two rounds of the Champions League semi-final and eliminated Real Madrid.

Under the leadership of coach Guardiola, Barcelona also easily won the La Liga championship with a 4-point advantage. Mourinho finally left Real Madrid in 2013 and returned to Chelsea, starting his second coaching career. After winning the Premier League title again at Stamford Bridge, the 60-year-old handsome man’s worth and reputation gradually declined. Before he took charge of Rome in 2021, his teaching achievements at Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur were unsatisfactory and mixed.

Beta thinks: During coaching Real Madrid, Mu Shuai will do whatever it takes to reach another new height! Mourinho is not only a special one, but also a veritable king of cunning. His unique personal charm attracts countless fans! I hope he can go further in Rome!

So for this news, fans, do you have anything to say? If you like this article, welcome to pay attention to Beta and chat with the stars and the ball game.

Ever since humans realized the importance of robots to human life, they have been focusing on the development of artificial intelligence technology. In these years, the development speed of artificial intelligence technology has been faster and faster, and now there are not only sweeping robots, but even robot attendants.

According to foreign media reports, the humanoid robot developed by a laboratory in the UK appeared in everyone’s sight again. The humanoid robot made a series of human body movements and even smiled in front of the mirror. As soon as the humanoid robot appeared, it was watched by a large number of friends, and its lifelike expressions and actions were once surprising. It can be called the most advanced humanoid robot in the world, and its every move and smile are strikingly similar to others. Once the news spread, it quickly caused a heated discussion among netizens in Guangfa.

After seeing the photos, many netizens will say that if the robot is dressed and put on a hat, it may really think that it is a human being. More people will say that this robot will produce wisdom, and if he has his own wisdom, it will pose a threat to human society. This is not what we are worried about, but what Hawking, a great scientist, once worried about.

Then the question is, if robots are conscious, will they one day replace humans? Will Zeng Lao’s prophecy come true?

Hawking once said when he was alive that he suggested that human beings should not develop robots too vigorously, or they might eventually be destroyed in the hands of robots.

People are conscious, ecstatic, depressed, grateful to those who have helped them, and reflect on their mistakes. People are thinking all the time, producing emotions and thinking all the time. But the robot is not necessarily. After all, it is only controlled by chip technology, and it still depends on people to research and develop it. Humans have the ability to reproduce, but robots haven’t been able to achieve this function yet. There was a famous professor Zeng Lao who boldly predicted that mankind would be destroyed by science and technology. So is the truth really what he said? It is said that science and technology change our lives. How can human beings be destroyed because of science and technology?

It is understood that this humanoid robot developed in the UK can wiggle its shoulders, blink its eyes, even touch its face in front of the mirror, frown and smile. This is not a human being, and the actions it does are what we often do. In addition, we unexpectedly found that the arm joints of humanoid robots are as flexible as those of human beings. If I hadn’t seen its mechanical arm, I would have thought it was a man waving his arm if I had dressed it! However, the walking and moving function of this humanoid robot has yet to be developed. The reason why its facial expression is so realistic is that it is implanted into the human face.

Now, the latest robot developed in the UK is actually regarded as the top robot level. It is the top robot in the world in terms of materials and mechanical technology. Similarly, Japan is also leading in the development of artificial intelligence. Maybe many people know that Japan introduced a beauty robot some time ago, and it can even help Japanese otaku solve their physiological needs. At that time, what they made was very perfect, but they couldn’t make very delicate movements and expressions.

Although technological innovation will bring us infinite convenience, if we rely too much on robots, we will eventually lose our hands-on ability. Robots are artificially developed, developed to serve people and obey human commands. While vigorously developing artificial intelligence, it must be legal and compliant, and robots should be constrained by systems.

According to the current science and technology, it is completely impossible to create robots that are exactly the same as human beings. Robots of this grade can be destroyed instantly even if they have spirituality. What’s more, they themselves are just not too complicated mechanical structures, and they are unlikely to produce spirituality.