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The cornerstone of the First Automobile Factory engraved with Mao Zedong’s inscription

In May 1958, China’s first "Dongfeng" brand car was successfully trial-produced

In the early days of the founding of New China, Mao Zedong said: What can we make now? We can make tables and chairs, tea bowls and pots, grow grain, grind flour, and make paper, but we can’t make a car, an airplane, a tank, or a tractor.

Achieving socialist industrialization is a natural requirement and a necessary condition for a country to become independent and prosperous, and is the foundation and premise for building a modern socialist power. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the state concentrated its resources to establish an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system in a short period of time, achieving rapid growth of the national economy, which was of far-reaching significance to China’s later industrial development.

The cornerstone of the "First Automobile Factory Groundbreaking Memorial" displayed in the History Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China, inscribed by Mao Zedong, is 120.5 centimeters long, 70 centimeters high, 5.5 centimeters thick, and weighs 250 kilograms. The texture of white marble is an important witness to the history of industrial construction in New China.

On June 15, 1953, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the Politburo meeting of the Central Committee, formally proposing the general line for the transition period. Faced with the lack of funds, technology and talents, to establish China’s own industrial system, it is necessary to formulate detailed plans and concentrate the limited human, material and financial resources to build a number of urgently needed major projects.

Under the personal guidance of Mao Zedong and the direct help of the Soviet Union, the first five-year plan was formulated by Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun, Li Fuchun, etc., and the strategic decision to give priority to the development of heavy industry was made. Adhering to the policy of "self-reliance first, and foreign aid as a supplement", the preliminary industrial layout was completed. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 694 large and medium-sized construction projects were arranged, and 921 were actually constructed, including 156 construction projects aided by the Soviet Union, focusing on the development of heavy industry, energy, raw materials, machine manufacturing and other basic industrial projects.

In 1953, the People’s Daily published a New Year’s Day editorial announcing that China had begun to implement the first five-year plan, calling on the people of the whole country to work together with one heart and one mind and actively strive for the realization of industrialization. Building a prosperous and strong modern industrial country is the dream of several generations of Chinese sons and daughters. Faced with the "poor and white" family background and the heavy blockade in the world, the Chinese people have a common dream, a foothold in the sky, and energy. Facing difficulties, the Chinese people have carried out large-scale industrial construction in full swing across the country.

As early as Mao Zedong’s first visit to the Soviet Union, he visited the Stalin Automobile Factory. At that time, he pointed to the cars that drove down the assembly line and said to his entourage: "We also want to have such a large factory!" On July 15, 1953, the first automobile industrial base of New China, Changchun First Automobile Factory, held a groundbreaking ceremony in a barren suburb of Changchun. Mao Zedong personally wrote the cornerstone inscription. Instead of adopting the proposed "Mao Zedong Automobile Factory" or "New China Automobile Factory", he named it the First Automobile Factory because he said: "We will soon have a second and a third."

600 million yuan was invested in the construction of the FAW, which is equivalent to one yuan for 600 million people in the country. On July 13, 1956, we forcefully announced that the first car in New China was successfully trial-produced. "From today onwards, the history of China’s inability to manufacture cars is over, and our own cars will be driven out of here more and more day by day." Mao Zedong personally picked up the pen and wrote the word "Liberation". The first batch of 12 "Liberation" brand cars drove off the assembly line and became an eternal and precious freeze frame in the history of the Republic. The rejoicing masses, as the song made up at that time sang: "Looking forward to the stars and the moon, the domestic car that I hoped for really left the factory." Just one year later, Changchun FAW completed the production of 4,000 vehicles stipulated in the first five-year plan six months and five days ahead of schedule.

In 1958, the Changchun FAW Factory produced China’s first domestically produced car, the Dongfeng brand car. After the manufacture was completed, it was instructed by the central government to be shipped by train to Beijing. When it drove off the platform, it was almost unable to leave the Beijing Railway Station due to the enthusiastic crowd competing to watch. Dongfeng originated from Mao Zedong’s famous statement on the international situation – "Dongfeng overwhelms the westerly wind". The word "Dongfeng" on the front of the car was originally Chinese pinyin. On the eve of the Dongfeng car arriving in Beijing and driving into Zhongnanhai, according to the suggestion of the then director of the General Office of the Central Committee ***, in order to highlight the cars produced by the Chinese themselves and replace them with Chinese characters, FAW staff went to the People’s Daily overnight to photocopy Mao Zedong’s original handwriting of "Dongfeng overwhelms the westerly wind". It was replaced in an auto repair shop in Dengshikou, and a golden dragon was about to be vacated in the front of the car, which was very Chinese. Mao Zedong took it in person and said happily: "We took a car made by ourselves!"

While the automobile industry was booming, various industrial categories were also in full swing. On December 26, 1953, the three major projects of Angang, consisting of a large rolling mill, a seamless steel pipe plant, and a No. 7 blast furnace, were completed and put into operation. At the same time, new steel production bases were deployed, and a new layout of the steel industry in New China was initially formed. The petroleum industry, chemical industry, and weapons industry have all achieved a certain degree of development, focusing on the construction of emerging industrial sectors such as aviation and electronics, and the creation of new cutting-edge industries in the nuclear and aerospace industries. In 1956, Shenyang Aircraft Factory produced the first new jet fighter; in 1958, the first Dongfanghong tractor was born in the first tractor factory located in Luoyang City… In that fiery construction era, China, which used to import iron nails and matches, achieved one zero breakthrough after another, and gradually established an industrial economic system under the leadership of the socialist state-run economy, which made our country’s industrial economy recover and develop rapidly under extremely difficult conditions.

Today, steel dragons meander vertically and horizontally, phoenixes spread their wings at Daxing Airport, Chang’e Tiangong catches the moon in nine days, and flood dragons and snow dragons catch turtles in five oceans. Over the past 70 years, China’s industry has achieved one "zero breakthrough" after another, and Chinese manufacturing and Chinese creation are gradually leading the world.

(History Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China, contributed)

　　Do you still remember the first car you owned? In the memory of many people, their well-off life became clear with the speed of the wheels. The former Xiali, Santana, and Fukang… were the active attempts of Chinese automakers to bring cars into people’s lives, and also marked the beginning of the diversified production of automobiles in New China.

　　From the height of an era, these cars that have now entered the museum show a living historical section of China’s economic take-off since the reform and opening up. And people also feel their lives and struggles intertwined with the development of the country in these base colors of the rolling wheels of the era…

The earliest and last "Poussin"

　　The heat of midsummer has not dampened the enthusiasm of Shanghai citizens to "breathe" on weekends. On a blazing Sunday, the parking lot in front of the Shanghai Automobile Museum in Anting Town, Jiading District, was full of private cars of various brands and styles from visiting citizens. If you want to look for the imprint of the beginning of China’s family car era, if you want to find the imprint of China’s family car era, you can find it in this automobile museum. The two Santana cars called "Old Pusang" on display here have witnessed the unforgettable development of China’s automobile industry and China’s family car.

　　The Chinese must be no stranger to the Volkswagen Santana sedan. For many people who are a little older, the Volkswagen Old Poussin is the "divine car" in their minds, which is a kind of hard-to-part feeling. Their memories of private cars began with the old Poussin.

　　A black Santana sedan on display in the museum is as charming as an old gentleman from Shanghai. The license plate of the "1983 SAN" indicates its identity – it is a Santana assembled in Shanghai in 1983 in all imported parts. A lot happened in 1983, and the biggest event for the Chinese auto industry was the establishment of a joint venture between Shanghai Automobile Factory and what was then West German Volkswagen, called "Shanghai Volkswagen", and the first product of the joint venture was the Santana. At that time, no one could have predicted that the name of this car originated from a whirlwind in California called "SANTANA", which actually blew the whirlwind of family cars in China and became popular for nearly 30 years. It opened the door to the dream of owning a car for countless Chinese families, became synonymous with family cars, and changed people’s life patterns.

　　The overall shape of this Santana, produced 37 years ago, is not much different from the old Poussin we later saw on the market. The lines and corners of the whole car are square, but there are differences in some details such as lights and grille. There is a special "Shanghai" logo on the front intake grille of this Poussin, indicating that the vehicle is assembled at the Shanghai Automobile Factory. Although the internal configuration of this car is really the same as that of today’s family cars, such as the four-speed manual transmission and mechanical steering wheel, there is not so much auxiliary technology, but it can be said to be very excellent at the level of the year. Due to the high chassis, high horsepower, and a large fuel tank that can hold 60 liters of gasoline, Santana was very suitable for driving in China’s unsatisfactory road conditions at that time, and the advertising slogan "Own Santana, you are not afraid of traveling all over the world" also spread to thousands of families.

　　Xin Chang, a full-time lecturer at the Shanghai Automobile Museum, told reporters that all the parts of the first batch of Santana assembled in Shanghai were imported from Germany, which was actually no different from imported vehicles. Santana, which inherited German quality, also started its own brand at that time with solid leather and durability. At that time, the price of Santana assembled with imported parts was also relatively expensive, costing nearly 200,000 yuan a piece, which was not affordable to ordinary people. However, with the domestic ability to produce parts independently, the price of Santana was gradually reduced, and eventually became the most classic "national car" for Chinese families. Xin Chang remembers that Poussin sold for 55,000 yuan a piece at its cheapest.

　　Santana opened the prelude to the development of Chinese automobiles in the way of "joint venture production, market for technology", from the initial semi-bulk assembly, to the production of each manufacturing link to gradually achieve high standards, and then to achieve full localization and reach the international manufacturing level, laying the foundation for the independent development and joint venture of China’s automobile industry. Shanghai Volkswagen has launched Santana 2000, Santana 3000 and Santana Vista models one after another through technical research and digestion of Santana, but the sales of Pusang are still unable to shake. Just before the production is about to stop in 2012, there is even news that Pusang will increase the price to pick up the car, which is enough to see Pusang’s status in people’s hearts.

　　From the original Poussin, to the Poussin, which was constantly upgraded in technology and configuration, Santana has always been the kind of square-headed image, during which many other car brands are rising and declining, but Santana is still the classic Santana. In the past 30 years, Poussin has been the responsibility of Volkswagen’s domestic sales in China, creating a total sales miracle of 3,213,710 vehicles. The total sales volume of the whole series has exceeded 5 million vehicles, making Santana the highest-owned car brand in China.

　　A dynasty always comes to an end. Due to the appearance and accessories that could not keep up with the development of the times, in 2012, Shanghai Volkswagen officially discontinued the Poussin model. This classic model with a high chassis and a square front face was officially withdrawn from the market, replaced by the new Santana developed on a new platform. In the Shanghai Automobile Museum, a white Poussin that was the last batch to be discontinued in 2012 became the last witness of the "Poussin Dynasty".

　　The earliest and last Pusang are transformed into a time-space tunnel spanning three decades in the Shanghai Automobile Museum. Those days with Santana are like a flood in the memory of visitors. Mr. Gao, a visitor, said of his former car, Santana: "He is an important friend that I will never forget in my life."

　　In the early 1990s, at the age of 30, Mr. Gao decided to quit his original unit and go into business, and the Poussin he bought was his most loyal partner in family life and business. The Santana had been in operation for nine years. During these nine years, he worked hard for the Gao family "full attendance", but later the needs of business made Mr. Gao have to bid farewell to the old friend. He said: "When I saw its second owner drive it away, my heart was sore." He looked at the white Poussin in the exhibition hall, and his eyes seemed to see the old friend who had accompanied him again. It was a simple but deep feeling.

　　The Poussin in the exhibition hall reminded some Santana owners of their own struggles, and some people who had never owned Santana also inexplicably developed an emotion for it. It was not so much that people were reluctant to part with Santana, but rather their own stories and feelings about youth and struggle along the way.

　　Next to the Shanghai Automobile Museum is the "EV-AI Smart Port", which shows the life of the most fashionable electric vehicles at present, and the Expo Road at the entrance is also the test section of autonomous driving of Shanghai’s intelligent networked vehicles. Inside and outside the museum are the historical records and future visions of Chinese family car life. If Pusang had eyes to see out the window, he should be relieved.

Drive to a well-off life

　　In the 1990s, Santana, Jetta and Fukang were collectively referred to as the "old three" of domestic cars and were the main force in the domestic family car market. Tang Guohua of Changsha, Hunan Province, has collected the first Fukang car that rolled off the production line in his "Hexi Automobile Exhibition Hall".

　　In the late 1990s, Tang Guohua was transferred from the Air Force to the position of deputy director of the labor bureau in a district. After learning about machine repair during his time in the army, Tang Guohua, who had car dreams, did not follow the steps to become his director. Instead, he plunged into the automobile distribution industry, began selling Dongfeng auto parts, and gradually developed the business into automobile dealership. Today, the Hunan Lantian Automobile Group he founded is firmly in the top three in Hunan’s automobile dealership industry. The cars displayed in the Hexi Automobile Culture Center are some of the vehicles collected by the Lantian Group during its 20-year development.

　　Since the start of his career benefited from "Dongfeng", in the early days of founding the automobile sales group, Tang Guohua only did "Dongfeng Department". By chance, Tang Guohua went to Dongfeng Group to work, and a friend told him that the first Fukang sedan jointly produced by Dongfeng and Citroen was thrown in the wind and rain in a corner of the Xiangfan factory. When Tang Guohua, who liked to collect vehicles, heard about it, he immediately went to the relationship and looked for the relevant certification records of this car. Finally, it was determined that this was indeed the first Fukang produced by Dongfeng Citroen. After a conversation with the senior management of Dongfeng Company, the other party was moved by Tang Guohua’s enthusiasm and agreed to hand over the car to Tang Guohua for collection.

　　According to historical records, on September 4, 1992, the first CKD-assembled "Fukang" sedan was officially rolled off the production line at the Xiangfan Dongfeng Automobile Assembly and Trial Plant. The car was the first car assembled and produced by Shenlong Automobile Co., Ltd., a joint venture between Dongfeng Automobile and Citroen Automobile, using parts imported from the Ornai General Assembly Plant in France. Its name in the origin market was Citroen ZX, and after being introduced to China, the Chinese name was designated Shenlong Fukang.

　　In 2017, Tang Guohua, who was like a treasure, shipped the white Fukang car with number 00001 back to Changsha, and after some rectification, it was displayed in his car culture exhibition hall. Because the first 4S store operated by Lantian Group was the Dongfeng Citroen brand, this Fukang was of special significance to Tang Guohua, and it was almost the "treasure of the town hall".

　　In fact, the reason why Tang Guohua has a soft spot for Fukang is also because the first car he bought in 1999 was also Fukang.

　　"Back then, I was driving it to run business and drag accessories. It accompanied me throughout the difficult journey of starting my business in the early stage…" Looking back on the road to entrepreneurship, Tang Guohua, 57, is full of emotions. "At that time, it was a very face-saving thing to be able to drive a Fukang car." Tang Guohua said that this car accompanied the start and take-off of his entrepreneurial road. "Driving to talk about business can bring more trust to customers." Tang Guohua said with a smile. At that time, he ran business, not afraid of hardship or tiredness, and he also drove to Guangdong, Hubei and other places regardless of day and night. In addition to the province, he often drove to Guangdong, Hubei and other places, and each time the Fukang car did not disappoint him.

　　He gave the Fukang car that accompanied Tang Guohua’s business to his younger brother and nephew one after another. It was not until 2018 that the "classic car" that ran nearly 400,000 kilometers was honorably retired and was collected by Tang Guohua in his automobile culture center.

　　In charge of a car group with tens of billions of yuan in revenue, Tang Guohua has achieved "car freedom". After Fukang, he bought Dongfeng Citroen C5, Dongfeng Nissan Loulan, Infiniti, Mercedes-Benz S and other cars. When changing cars, the old cars were not sold, and they all became his collection. Tang Guohua wants to treat his treasure of the year as an element of car culture and share it with riders. In his opinion, this is not only to remember the original intention of hard work, but also because used cars "have temperature and stories". Of course, his favorite is the Fukang sedan that accompanied him to start from scratch 21 years ago.

　　"A car should not be just a tool, but an element of life." As an entrepreneur, Tang Guohua has a deep fascination with "car culture". In the Changsha Hexi Automobile City he built, not only do dozens of 4S shops operate, but the completely free "Hexi Automobile Culture Center" attracts people who love car culture. In addition to the first domestic Shenlong Fukang, Tang Guohua’s Fukang, and Dongfeng Citroen C5, there are also various precious models of different eras such as Mercedes-Benz steam cars, Beetles, Red Flag courtesy cars, Shanghai brand cars, Willis, etc., as well as engines, car chassis and car-related cultural objects.

　　Although more than 100 million yuan has been invested in the vehicle collection, Tang Guohua said that dreams have nothing to do with money. He hopes to make more young people love cars, understand history and cherish the present. Tang Guohua told reporters that the car culture exhibition hall has been declared to the Hunan Provincial and Changsha Municipal Cultural Tourism Bureau as "Hunan Vehicle Museum", and it is estimated that it will be approved soon. By then, this will be the real first automobile museum in Hunan. (Reporter, Liu Zhaohui)

　　"Millet" is a written general term for millet in ancient times. "Millet" is an annual plant of Gramineae, which is widely planted in northern China and commonly known as "millet" after hulling. Millet, as the oldest crop originated in China, was at the top of the grain crop in ancient times.

　　The world millet sees China, and China millet is in Aohan. On August 22nd, an interview group from Inner Mongolia Station, the network theme activity of "Pomegranate Blossoms and Seeds with One Heart", came to Aohan Banner, known as "the hometown of millet in the world", to visit the Xiaomi Museum, get a close look at past lives of Aohan Xiaomi, and explore its profound culture.

　　Xiaomi museum

　　Founded in September 2018, the Xiaomi Museum in Aohan Banner is a cultural integration and exhibition platform of the global important agricultural cultural heritage "Aohan Dry Farming System" represented by Xiaomi. The design of its architectural form is inspired by the typical cultural carrier of Xinglong Valley, jade Jue and barrel-shaped pottery pots. In addition to displaying the dry farming system with millet as the main part, the museum also set up a special area to display the production environment, quality characteristics, production situation, geographical indications and honor reports of Aohan millet, so as to fully display the dry farming cultural system with a long history and rich culture in Aohan Banner.

　　In the museum, peripheral products related to Xiaomi can be seen everywhere. Millet oil, millet soap, millet crust, millet moon cake, etc., the innovation chain around millet is getting longer and longer. "It tastes particularly good. I didn’t expect Xiaomi to make so many foods. It can be seen that Aohan Banner has made a good innovation in developing characteristic agricultural products." Lun Xiaoxuan, a reporter from China Net, said after tasting.

　　Millet products

　　In recent years, Aohan Banner has firmly grasped the golden signboard of "global important agricultural cultural heritage", made the millet industry bigger and stronger, made use of the influence of agricultural cultural heritage, and made Aohan Xiaomi, a national famous regional public brand, which has completed the development of the whole industrial chain from planting to processing, from sales to consumption, and from culture to tourism. Through continuous integration of Aohan millet resources, the brand value of Aohan Xiaomi has been enhanced, which has promoted the upgrading of Aohan Banner’s characteristic agricultural products industry and made the culture even more.

　　Location of Xiaomi Museum

　　At present, the museum has become an important garden for the masses to know, understand and experience the millet culture. It shows that the ancient ancestors in Aohan area have made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese civilization and even human civilization. It also shows that the people of all ethnic groups in Aohan have protected, inherited and developed the dry farming system in Aohan during long-term exchanges and exchanges, and it has also become a cultural card for Aohan Banner to improve the agricultural cultural level, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products and promote the development of millet industry and cultural tourism.

　　Producer: Li Zhongfeng

　　Text: Xu Jing

　　Photography: Wang Xiaobo

　　Edit: Wang Lihong

Author: Night 1986

The rankings are in no order. After all, everyone has their own list. 1. The Book of Gone with the Times, written by Ji Cha, was originally written by Ji Cha when she returned to the harem. With the help of a blind fortune teller, the protagonist travels through troubled times and makes his own world. This book has been updated with 2.34 million words, and it is not finished yet.

Second, "If you cultivate immortality in the troubled times of Yaowu", the author Wen Chaogong, opened the book in 2023, and ended that year, with 3.54 million words in ten months. The protagonist can cross two worlds and be Nuo Nuo in the world of cultivating immortals. He can strike hard in the world of low martial arts and rely on the resources of the world of low martial arts to cultivate immortals in the world of cultivating immortals.

Third, "Dining Table of the Tang Dynasty", written by Yi and 2, is the theme of returning to the Tang Dynasty after Yi and 2 wrote "Brick of the Tang Dynasty". Compared with brick of the Tang Dynasty, the dining table of the Tang Dynasty has more sense of honor for the nation and the country. Everyone in the world, what’s going on in the world, is just a series of dishes on the table of Datang people. 3.86 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Fourth, "The Traveler of the Spiritual Realm", the author bought Xiao Langjun, a supernatural urban sci-fi power stream, and sold the newspaper Xiao Lang, according to another masterpiece after "Da Feng Da Geng Ren", which won the first place in many lists on the first day of its release. The story is fascinating and I can’t stop. 4.1 million words have been updated, not finished.

5. "Deep Sea embers", the author Yuan Tong, the protagonist crossed a strange world and unexpectedly became ghost captain, constantly exploring the world. At the beginning, the readers were full of curiosity, and his ship was named Lost Hometown, which made us smile. 2.32 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Six, "This game is too real", the author Morningstar LL, this is a behind-the-scenes black hand flow, the protagonist crossed the wasteland world and obtained a refuge system that can summon the fourth natural disaster player, so he became the manager of the game and fooled a number of players to work for themselves and successfully embarked on the peak of life. Let other players give him a super double 007 job. 6.63 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Seven, "National Forensic Medicine", the author Zhiniao Village, this book is a stream of urban systems. The protagonist can improve the skills of forensic doctors by acquiring forensic systems and assisting in solving crimes. This book combines professionalism and interest, and the case description is true, which makes us feel immersive when reading. This book has been updated to 2.42 million words, and it is not finished.

Eight, "Red Heart Survey", the author’s feelings, this book has just come out and no one cares, feeling that it is going to save the street. Now it is in the top 5 of the monthly list. It is a novel that is a late bloomer and is also a Xianxia type. The physical book of this book has been sold on the whole network, with 7.64 million words updated and not finished.

Nine, "Beyond Time", the author Ergen, this is the sixth novel of Ergen, and it is still a consistent Xianxia. It incorporates the elements of eschatology and gangsters. The protagonist is decisive and intelligent, and is known as the protagonist who is most like Wang Lin in Ergen’s works. After experiencing a short trough, my ears returned to the top stream with this book. This book has been updated to 3.25 million words, and it is not finished.

Ten, "The Ring of Destiny", the author loves diving squid, the sequel to "The Mysterious World", has dominated many lists since its debut, and has won the title of golden keyboard in 2023, but there are many controversies, such as wanting to see the first story of the mysterious Lord, but it is not. Slow pace, etc. 4.1 million words have been updated, not finished.

I really admire the authors of these online novels. Their brains are open and they have all kinds of topics. Some of them are very real, but I didn’t expect it to be my own experience.

This article comes from what is worth buying website (www.smzdm.com).

2023 Shanghai Civil Service Summer Class

01

Summer series

Suitable object

(1) Zero foundation, candidates who are relatively weak in Shanghai civil servants’ examinations

(2) In the preliminary examination, I hope to focus on training during the summer vacation to quickly improve the ability to take the test

(3) Xiaobai, candidates who are committed to the post of civil servants for freshmen

(4) Candidates who need to follow, guide, and urge the test ability to improve the ability to improve the ability to improve

Form of class

Famous teachers of Huazhi, concentrated training, face -to -face teaching, classroom interaction, and on -site questioning and services to make students experience better.

Series features/highlights

· Scientific planning

Make full use of the summer time to reasonably plan courses, and choose courses scientifically to maximize the effect of learning in a limited time.

Construction framework

Understand the essence and answer methods of each type of question, establish a complete knowledge system, and avoid moving hard.

· Comb

Reading, careful investigation, and comparison of outlines, carry out key knowledge, conduct carpet -style review, and fully familiarize with the test content.

·Filling in the gaps

Help students find vulnerabilities or symptoms, provide targeted suggestions, and timely check the leakage.

· Focus on refining

Grasp the "key points", break each, make full use of the summer follow -up learning, and establish a diversified knowledge system.

· Consolidate review

Strengthen the exercise simulation questions, real questions, and prediction questions, and consolidate the content of what they have learned.

02

Weekend series

Suitable object

(1) Candidates who are weaker in Shanghai Civil Service Examination

(2) In the preliminary examination, candidates who have not learned much about the Shanghai civil servant exam

(3) Candidates who want the system to review and improve a comprehensive improvement

(4) Candidates who need to write a full -process system for writing or interviews, and hope that candidates who have bonuses and protocol guarantees

(5) Students who need to follow, guide, and urge the test ability to improve the ability to improve the test.

Form of class

Opposite the offline: Facing teaching, classroom interaction, questioning and services on the spot, making students experience better.

Series features/highlights

Learn through

Offline Huazhi senior teachers have taught the skills and strategies of admitting the skills and strategies to learn the theoretical skills and lay a solid foundation.

· Practice

Provide a sufficient quantity to preserve questions, consolidate high after class, and practice the questions.

Test

Simulation simulation exams, you can practice, calm, and stable test room mentality.

· Separate teaching

Basic-Title Sea-Sprint-Interview, Stage Learning, layer up, strength prediction.

· Science learning

Consolidate the basic mastery method+sprint knowledge large combing+pre -test training.

· Answer

Follow -up questions, questions and answers, questioning questions, questioning of classrooms, questioning after class, assignment questions, all efficiency guarantee within 24 hours;

Chief

Huazhi senior teachers have been taught in person to help learn more.

During our daily tabulation, it is often used.Find the work of reference related data.

In fact, this is also one of most small partners in touch.

For example, according to the corresponding results of the employee name, according to the number of item numbers in one item, the corresponding sales, etc.

Today, I will introduce you to a very powerful function combination to achieve this feature.

They are INDEX + MATCH combination.

The specific application scenario is as follows:

01 正 正 查

The correct point here is:Find reference target values ??from left to right.

That is, the lookup value is on the left and the return value is on the right.

As shown below, it is the performance watch of the company employee in the first quarter. We now want to find the corresponding performance according to the name.

Write the following formula in [F2] cell:

=INDEX (C2: C7, Match (E2, B2: B7, 0)))

Formula analysis:

First look up Liu Yan in the [B2: B7] in the [B2: B7], return to the number 2;

This number 2 is then used as the second parameter of the index function, meaning returning to the value of the first parameter in the cell area in the cell area in the cell region.

There are three parameters: Match functions:

Match (lookup value, find area, lookup type)

The MATCH function is specifically used to find a value, where you are in a region or group, and return a number.

This number that is usually returned as a parameter of other functions.

Here, the returned numbers are used as the parameter of INDEX.

If the lookup type of the third parameter is 0, it means an exact lookup.

INDEX usually has three parameters:

Index (Returned area, line number, list number)

Since the first parameter is a single line or a single column, the third parameter can be omitted.

If you don’t illegally, the formula can be written as this:

=INDEX (C2: C7, Match (E2, B2: B7, 0), 1)

02 reverse lookup

The reverse refer to it here is:Find reference target values ??from right to left.

That is, the lookup value is on the right, the return value is on the left.

Also as examples above, for example, we want to find Liu Yan’s employee number.

The formula is as follows:

=INDEX (A2: A7, MATCH (E2, B2: B7, 0)))

Formula analysis:

The formula of this formula is similar to the formula of the forward look, but the first parameter of the index function will change the returned area into the [A2: A7] area.

It can be seen that whether it is looking for a look, it is the same.

Just change the area of ??the first parameter of the index function into the area that needs to return.

03 two-way lookup

The two-way refers herein is:Find the reference target value from the horizontal and vertical two directions.

As shown below: It is a quarter employee payment message, and now I need to find how much Liu Yan’s salary in March is.

The formula is as follows:

=INDEX (B3: D8, Match (G3, A3: A8, 0), Match (H2, B2: D2, 0))

Formula analysis:

First look up Liu Yan in [A3: A8] in the vertical position in [A3: A8], return to the number 2;

Then use the second Match function to find the horizontal position in [B2: D2] in this area, return to the number 3;

Finally, the two numbers are respectively used as the second and third parameters of the INDEX function, meaning returning to the INDEX first parameter [B3: D8] zone "Chapter 3 of the third row in the area of ??this intersection cell, namely: 8606.

Because the two-way lookups here need to involve the position in both directions, we are hereUse two MATCH functions to locate the lines and columns.

04 more conditions

Multi-conditional lookup refers to: Find back to the corresponding target value based on 2 or more conditions, which is often used in our daily work.

As shown below: It is a sales list of all item numbers in all regions. We want to find how much the number of item numbers BH003 in Nanjing is.

Condition 1: Nanjing;

Conditions 2: The item number is BH003.

Write the following formula in the [G2] cell:

=INDEX (C2: C7, Match (E2 & F2, A2: A7 & B2: B7, 0))

Formula analysis:

The basic frame of the formula is the same as above, just first connect two conditions into a new condition form with a "&" text connection;

Then follow the ideas looking forward to the looks to the lookup and return to the sales volume in the [C2: C7] area.

Match function Find the location of "Nanjing BH003" in the newly generated array:

Match ("Nanjing BH003", 0)

Returns the number 3, then this number 3, as the second parameter of the index function, means returning the INDEX first parameter [C2: C7] The value in the cell in the cell area, that is, 72.

?

Because this is an array formula, the formula needs to be ended in the [Ctrl + Shift + Enter] three key. The braces outside the formula will be automatically generated. For small friends who use Office 365, you can end up with a three-key.

Of course, the multi-conditional lookups here can also be applied at both horizontal and vertical two directions.

In addition, no matter how many conditions, just connect multiple conditions to a new condition with a "&" text connector first, then apply the above routine.

05 interval lookup

The interval lookup refers to:If the lookup value is in a certain range, the corresponding target value is returned.

As shown below, the number of bonuses from the employee is required according to the performance interval.

Write the following formula in the [G2] cell:

=INDEX (J2: J5, Match (F2, {0; 41; 81; 121}, 1)))

Formula analysis:

This formula is especially the application of the second and third parameters of the MATCH function.

If the third parameter is 1 or omitted, the MATCH function will look for the maximum of less than or equal to the first parameter, andThe value in the second parameter must be sorted in ascending order.

The maximum value of less than 65 is 41, 41 in this constant array ({0; 41; 81; 121}) is 2, that is, the number 2 is returned to the number 2, and then the index second parameter is finally returned 2000.

Of course, here we can also write this constant number in an auxiliary column, which may be better understood.

As shown below:

06 blurry look

The fuzzy look is to realize the target value by combining with the wildcard ("?" Question mark and "*" asterisk).

As shown below: We want to find a surname Xu to open his head, and how much is the employee number of three characters.

The formula is as follows:

=Index (A2: A7, Match (E2 & "", B2: B7, 0))

Formula analysis:

Here is the key to the Match function supports the usage of wildcard.

Everyone must pay attention to:

"?" Question mark wildcard, represent any single character.

"*" Asterisk wildcard, represents any number of characters.

Here we used two "??" question marks, represent any two characters.

07 summary

Today, we have learned two powerful function combinations (INDEX + MATCH)Six kinds of findings commonly used in work:

? Positive lookup;

? Anti-(reverse) lookup;

? Two-way lookup;

Multi-conditional lookup;

Area lookup;

? Fuzzy lookup.

What is the most look for you usually use? What do you have any questions about VLOOKUP?

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