Cancer ｜ What are the common anti-tumor drugs？
Original sauce purple frog
winter
At present, there are about hundreds of common anti-tumor drugs in clinic, which can be roughly divided into the following seven categories:
Cytotoxic drugs, hormone drugs, biological reaction regulators, monoclonal antibody drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, other drugs, auxiliary drugs, etc.
01, cytotoxic drugs
Drugs that act on the chemical structure of DNA
(1) alkylating agents and nitrogen mustard (such as nitrogen mustard, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, etc.), setipine (such as setipine, etc.), nitrosoureas (such as carmustine and smectine, etc.) and methanesulfonate (such as busulfan, etc.).
(2) Platinum compounds: such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
(3) Mitomycin: such as mitomycin, etc.
Drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis
(1) dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: such as methotrexate and pemetrexed.
(2) Thymidine synthase inhibitors: such as 5-FU, FT-207, capecitabine, etc.
(3) Purine nucleotide synthase inhibitors: such as 6- mercaptopurine, 6-TG, etc.
(4) Nucleotide reductase inhibitors: such as hydroxyurea.
(5)DNA polymerase inhibitors: such as cytarabine and gemcitabine.
● Drugs that act on nucleic acid transcription selectively act on DNA templates to inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thus inhibiting RNA synthesis: such as actinomycin D, daunorubicin, adriamycin, epirubicin, aclacinomycin, guangmycin, etc.
● Topoisomerase Ⅰ inhibitors acting on DNA replication: such as irinotecan, topotecan and hydroxycamptothecin.
● Drugs that mainly interfere with tubulin synthesis during mitosis M phase: such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, norvinblastine, podophylline, homoharringtonine, etc.
● Other cell poisons: such as asparaginase.
02, hormone drugs
(1) Anti-estrogen: such as tamoxifen, toremifene, exemestane, etc.
(2) Aromatase inhibitors: such as buprenone, Formetam, letrozole, anastrozole, etc.
(3) Progesterone: such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate.
(4) Sex hormones: such as methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate and diethylstilbestrol.
(5) Anti-androgen: such as flutamide.
(6)RH-LH agonists/antagonists: such as goserelin and leuprorelin acetate.
03, biological reaction regulator
Mainly through the body’s immune function to inhibit tumors, including interferon, interleukin -2, thymopeptides.
04, monoclonal antibody drugs
Such as rituximab, trastuzumab and bevacizumab.
05, immune checkpoint inhibitor
Such as Pam monoclonal antibody, Cindilizumab, Trepril monoclonal antibody, Atzumab, etc.
06, other drugs
(1) Cell differentiation inducers: such as retinoids and arsenious acid.
(2) Apoptosis inducer.
(3) Inhibitor of angiogenesis: Endor.
(4) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: such as gefitinib and erlotinib.
(5) gene therapy.
(6) tumor vaccine, etc.
07, auxiliary medicine
(1) Blood-raising drugs: such as G-CSF/GM-CSF, IL-11/TPO, EPO, etc.
(2) Antiemetic drugs: such as ondansetron and granisetron hydrochloride.
(3) Analgesics: such as aspirin, acetaminophen, codeine, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, etc.
(4) Osteoclast inhibitor: such as pamidronate disodium, zoledronic acid sodium, etc.
Editor | Li Yaqi Zhao Ruoxi
Revise | Zhang Fangfang
Editor-in-Chief Hong Wei
All knowledge of internal medicine diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients
Published by China Medical Science and Technology Press
This book is one of the fascicles of "Cancer Doctors Say", which mainly introduces the common sense, diagnosis and medical treatment of tumors, and focuses on the related problems of specific cancer types such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer. At the same time, it also shows real and touching stories in tumor prevention and treatment, giving strength to patients and their families. The book is introduced in detail in the form of questions and answers, and the language is easy to understand, which is suitable for readers, especially cancer patients and their families.
Original title: "Cancer Doctors say | What are the common anti-tumor drugs?"
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